叶用萝卜育种现状及发展趋势

综述了叶用萝卜的特点、营养成分及育种现状,阐述了叶用萝卜的育种特点及育种技术,提出应在充分挖掘我国叶用萝卜种质资源基础上,大量引进日本和中国台湾培育的叶用萝卜品种,以速生、优质、丰产、特异抗逆性强为目标性状,加快我国叶用萝卜育种进程,并应配合研究相应的栽培技术。     

哈尔滨地区引种石竹示范研究

石竹原产中国,分布很广。除华南较热地区外,几乎全国各地均有分布。喜阳、耐寒,耐干旱,忌涝,喜排水良好、肥沃沙质壤土。通过3年对这20种花卉的试验观察,总结出石竹在太阳岛地区的生态表现和适应性,并掌握其越冬技术和繁殖方法,为其在北方因林中的推广栽培应用提供试验和理论依据。     

桂花夏季扦插育苗技术研究

试验于2011年夏季进行了桂花不同基质(林地表土、炉渣土、农田土)、不同扦插方式(营养钵和田间苗床扦插)、插穗叶片不同处理(1片全叶、2片全叶、2片叶剪半)对比试验,结果表明:以林地表土和炉渣土扦插的生根率均较高,分别达95.5%和96.2%;营养钵和田间苗床扦插的生根率均较高,分别达95.0%和95.7%;插条叶片以留1片全叶和2片叶剪半的扦插生根率较高,分别达95.7%和95.3%。     

Clearcutting forestry and Eurasian boreal forest grouse: Long-term monitoring of sympatric capercaillie Tetrao urogallus and black grouse T. tetrix reveals unexpected effects on their population performances

Along the succession gradient of the boreal forest ecosystem, black grouse Tetrao tetrix inhabits the early and capercaillie Tetrao urogallus the latest stages. When converting old forest to clearcuts and plantations, commercial forestry has therefore been assumed to affect capercaillie negatively and to be favourable to black grouse. During a 30-year period (1979-2008) we monitored sympatric populations of the two species in a forest in southeast Norway based on annual spring and autumn censuses and radio-marked birds. During this period, the proportion of old, semi-natural forest was halved and clearcuts and young plantations increased accordingly. The grouse populations did not change as predicted. While the trend in August numbers of adult black grouse declined, males more than females, abundance of adult capercaillie remained unchanged. Number of males at leks showed similar patterns. Equally surprising, breeding success (number of chicks per female in August) of both species increased, thus indicating that the populations were regulated more by variation in adult survivorship than by recruitment of young birds. No correlations were found with changing climatic factors (precipitation and temperatures in winter and spring, snow depth and time of snow melt), except that year-to-year breeding success was positively correlated with minimum temperatures during 2 weeks posthatch. The results are explained by a combination of more flexible habitat selection than previously assumed and a changing predator regime: In the early period, nearly all capercaillie leks were located in old, semi-natural forest, but as plantations grew older (>30 years), new leks were established there. Similarly, while young capercaillie broods used old semi-natural forest almost exclusively when the study started, they frequently used middle-aged plantations, especially those with a ground cover of bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus, when these became common in later years. The increasing breeding success could largely be explained by more females rearing chicks successfully, presumably due to a marked decline in the main nest predator, the red fox Vulpes vulpes. A practice of thinning of the old, semi-natural forest some years prior to final harvesting probably facilitated predation of black grouse by goshawks Accipiter gentilis. Contrary to many beliefs, our results indicate that both capercaillie and black grouse are quite tolerant to changes in forest management regimes. In our study, numerical and functional responses of predators (mainly red fox and goshawk) apparently played a more important role in regulating grouse numbers than habitat factors per se.     

半边莲繁殖及采收技术

本文介绍了半边莲(LobeliaSchinensis)的生物特性、生长习性以及繁育采收技术,包括选地整地方法、种子繁殖方法、扦插繁殖方法、分株繁殖方法、组织培养繁殖方法、田间管理技术以及采收加工技术等。     

Testing of selected South African <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus</Emphasis> hybrids and families for tolerance to the pitch canker pathogen, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium circinatum</Emphasis>

Plantations of Pinus spp. constitute approximately 50% of the South African forestry industry. The first aim of this study was to develop a reliable inoculation technique to screen Pinus spp., for tolerance to infection by F. circinatum, which threatens pine forestry in South Africa. Inoculation of branches was compared with stem inoculations and we considered the number of branches or trees required to obtain statistically significant results. Furthermore, variation in the susceptibility of some Pinus families, clones and hybrids was considered. Results showed that branch inoculations were closely correlated with those from stem inoculations, and that it is important to consider branch and stem diameters when assessing susceptibility of trees. Subsequent trials using branch inoculations showed significant differences in F. circinatum tolerance amongst a range of pine species and hybrids of potential interest to forestry in South Africa. Significant differences in susceptibility were also found among clones of two P. radiata families. The most tolerant trees were P. elliottii × caribaea and P. patula × oocarpa hybrids, while the most susceptible species were P. patula, P. greggii and hybrids of these two. This is the first trial considering the susceptibility of Pinus hybrids, Pinus clones and some P. patula provenances, and the results indicate excellent potential for breeding for tolerance to pitch canker in South Africa. Application The accurate selection of disease tolerant planting stock for the South African forestry industry is crucially important for the continued sustainability of this important industry. The work described here provides valuable information on an artificial inoculation technique that will assist the industry in screening trees for tolerance to the pitch canker fungus, F. circinatum. It also provides some indication of the relative susceptibility of a number of Pinus spp., hybrids and families currently being evaluated in the country.     

玉米丝黑穗病特征特性及抗病育种研究进展

玉米丝黑穗病是玉米生产的重要病害,综述了玉米丝黑穗病的特征特性,并介绍了鉴定方法和抗病育种研究进展。     

澳大利亚辐射松遗传育种及其借鉴

澳大利亚辐射松遗传改良在过去的几十年中取得了较大的成绩, 其育种计划与育种策略在一定程度上反应了当前世界林木育种水平。较详细地介绍与分析了澳大利亚辐射松遗传改良的历程与成就, 供我国林木育种工作者参考。     

四川省黑水县花楸繁育技术研究

通过不同处理措施的苗床育苗和营养钵育苗观测试验,研究了花楸播种繁殖的出苗和生长情况。结果表明:(1)利用营养钵播种育苗,播种深度4 cm,出苗率最高,可达到90%,当年保存率为75%,大大高于土壤作床播种出苗率,(2)从生长量来看,用腐殖土、河沙及松针作为基质,苗床播种深度为5 cm的播种方式,出苗后1a内生长最高可达44.5 cm,最低11.5 cm,整体平均生长高度为29.3 cm,生长量较其它播种方式优势明显,(3)在高山峡谷地区进行花楸育苗,幼苗期间主要病虫害为立枯病和红蜘蛛,通过科学施用多菌灵和敌杀死,可有效控制。     

荷花的品种及种藕的出口前处理

荷花,又名莲花,属睡莲科莲属的多年生水生花卉。在莲属的花卉中,仅有莲(Nelumbo nucifera)和美洲黄莲(N.rutea)两种。莲分布在亚洲、大洋洲,中国是莲的世界分布中心;美洲黄莲分布在北美洲,美国是美洲黄莲的世界分布中心。