Analysis of Characters and Germplasm of Significance to Improvement of Australian Native Waratahs (Telopea spp., family Proteaceae) for Cut Flower Production

Waratahs (Telopea spp.) are cultivated for their blooms for the international cut flower market. A morphometric study was conducted on a range of cultivated waratah varieties to determine the variability of selected characters of horticultural importance and which parents might be of value in future breeding programs. Univariate analysis of characters of 13 cultivars revealed the greatest range of variation in number of flowers, bract dimensions, flower colour and leaf margin type. Differences were observed between number of flowers per inflorescence in the T. speciosissima (Sm.) R.Br. group of accessions and the other species cultivars; interspecific cultivars with T. mongaensis, Cheel and T. oreades F. Muell. were intermediate, with a similar pattern observed in bract length and width. Multivariate analysis (canonical variate analysis – CVA) discriminated between waratah cultivars on the basis of flower colour (first axis), then flower number, bract length, leaf width and leaf margin type (axis 2). The third axis also separated leaf width, the fourth leaf length and width, and the fifth leaf apex shape, CVA was also used to explore the genetic contribution of three parent T. speciosissima cultivars to hybrid populations. Hybrids with ‘Sunflare’, ‘Sunburst’ or ‘Wirrimbirra White’ as one parent were very dispersed indicating the range of inheritance of the observed phenotypic characters, leading to the possibility of selecting individuals with the required degree of character inheritance. It was demonstrated that the Telopea speciosissima type, which forms the basis of the waratah cut flower industry, may be improved by hybridising with other Telopea species. The application of the results to the development of waratah breeding programs is discussed.     

A nine-year study of successful breeding in a Bonelli’s eagle population in southeast Spain: a basis for conservation

We analyse the factors influencing breeding success in a healthy population of Bonelli’s eagle (Hieraaetus fasciatus) from south-east Spain, a raptor that has suffered a serious decline in Europe. Between 18 and 33 pairs were annually monitored during the period 1994-2002. Several factors that may affect four breeding parameters were studied, namely human presence, vegetation, relief, climatic factors, intra- and inter-specific relationships, diet, prey abundance, nest building, adult mortality and age of reproduction. A consistently high breeding success was registered during the study period (productivity=1.43, SD=0.11), which was probably the result of high adult survival, adequate prey availability and mild weather conditions. However, a certain vulnerability to the presence of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) and to human disturbance was observed. One interesting result was the reduced survival of young chicks on north-facing cliffs owing to colder conditions, which may partially explain the decline of the Bonelli’s eagle populations along its European distribution limits. We discuss the role of this healthy subpopulation in an Iberian metapopulation context, and propose that the potential interference of golden eagles should be taken into account when designing management strategies for Bonelli’s eagles. Finally, we pinpoint some conservation priorities and the importance of reducing the main causes of adult mortality (i.e. shooting and electrocution) to assure successful reproduction and survival of this species.     

The buffer effect of non-breeding birds and the timing of farmland bird declines

Breeding territoriality in birds means that a certain proportion of the adult population may breed in suboptimal habitats or not breed at all. Non-breeding birds, or floaters, can have a `buffer effect' on breeding population size. Farmland bird declines in Britain are measured and analysed in terms of numbers of territory-holding birds. We use a population dynamics model to illustrate how, because of the buffer effect of floaters, there can be a time lag between the start of total population decline and detectable breeding population decline. Differences in the timing of declines of closely related farmland birds could therefore be due to slight differences in their population dynamics, rather than differences in their response to agricultural change.     

盐地碱蓬人工栽培与品系选育初报

人工栽培盐地碱蓬及高产品系选育试验研究表明 ,人工栽培盐地碱蓬可提高产量 1～ 2倍 ,且碱蓬产量随土壤盐度的提高而逐渐下降。无灌水条件下采用一定矿化度的盐水过量灌溉 ,可有效提高碱蓬产量。黄河三角洲地区人工栽培碱蓬适宜采收时间为 10月 2 5日左右。选育高产变异碱蓬个体比普通单株产量提高 2～ 3倍。     

FH生物活性饲料酵母的营养特点及在蛋鸡饲料中的应用试验

FH生物活性饲料酵母的营养特点是(1)可消化蛋白含量高,各种必需的氨基酸丰富平衡;(2)含有较为丰富的B族维生素和多种消化酶,由于采用的烘干温度较低,表现出较好的生物活性;(3)含有能够在动物体内促进酶活性的微量元素。饲养试验中,以FH生物活性饲料酵母与目前国内推广的几种蛋白源组合成五组饲料,将蛋鸡分五组进行对比试验。试验结果表明:FH组的产蛋率、产蛋量、饲料报酬及经济效益均高于对照组,是一种较为理想的蛋白源和生物添加剂。     

胨冻样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)的分离、筛选及其发酵培养基研究

本文报道了胨冻样芽孢杆菌 (Bacillusmucilaginosus)的分离、筛选及其对小麦苗期生长的作用 ,并对胨冻样芽孢杆菌的发酵培养基进行了优化 .结果表明 ,胨冻样芽孢杆菌 (B .mucilaginosus)生长的最适培养基 (g/L)为 :蔗糖 1 4、Na2 HPO4 1 .5、FeCl3 0 .0 0 2、CaCO3 1 .5、酵母膏 1 0 ,自来水 1 0 0 0ml、pH7.0～ 7.5;有机氮和无机铵态氮抑制胨冻样芽孢杆菌的生长 ;胨冻样芽孢杆菌液体培养物对小麦苗期生长具有促进作用 .     

防暑、保温、防蝇猪舍的建筑设计

采用砖瓦水泥钢筋和塑料薄膜或遮阳网建造冬保暖、夏防暑防蝇、造价低廉的双列育肥猪舍和单列繁殖猪舍，冬天不加热源，舍温可达１０℃以上，夏季比舍外低３～５℃。在气温高达３５℃以上时，采取喷雾或滴水降温，可在这种简易舍中实行常年配种繁殖，育肥舍年出栏肥猪三批以上。育肥猪舍造价８０～１００元／ｍ２，母猪舍１００～１５０元／ｍ２，是山东省广为选用的规模养猪场建筑模式，十分适用于广大农村规模养猪企业。     

板蓝根新品种定蓝2号选育报告

为了丰富板蓝根种质,促进板蓝根产业提质增效。采用单株选择法选育出了板蓝根新品种定蓝2号。2017 — 2019年在不同生态区进行的区域试验中, 定蓝2号鲜板蓝根折合平均产量12 787.5 kg/hm2,较对照品种定蓝1号增产5.8%。在2018 — 2019年进行的大田生产示范中,鲜板蓝根折合平均产量12 232.5 kg/hm2,较对照品种定蓝1号增产6.9%。定蓝2号特级品出成率平均22.9%,较对照品种定蓝1号提高4.0个百分点;一级品出成率平均为23.5%,较对照品种定蓝1号提高7.5个百分点。测定结果表明,定蓝2号内在质量优于2020版《中国药典》标准。定蓝2号霜霉病平均发病率为15.7%,较对照品种定蓝1号降低55.0%;病情指数为16.8,较对照品种定蓝1号降低34.1%。适宜在海拔1 800～2 300 m、年降水量400～550 mm有灌溉条件或者降水充足的地区种植。     

一株降解生木薯淀粉的曲霉菌株的筛选、鉴定及其淀粉降解特性

本研究利用以生木薯淀粉为唯一碳源的筛选培养基,从腐烂木薯渣中分离筛选出一株可以降解生木薯淀粉的真菌菌株RSDF-7。根据RSDF-7形态和18SrDNA与28SrDNA之间的内转录间隔区（internal transcribed spacer,ITS）序列分析的结果,初步认定该菌株为曲霉属。菌株RSDF-7的粗酶液对多种不同的生淀粉底物均有水解效果;在以大米和玉米淀粉为底物时,其生淀粉分解活力比较高,分别为42%和40%。菌株RSDF-7的粗酶液具有良好的低pH稳定性,对生木薯淀粉的最适作用温度为50℃,最适作用pH为4.5。在30min的吸附后,RSDF-7的粗酶液对生木薯淀粉的吸附力高达60%。使用HPLC对粗酶液的酶解产物进行检测,结果发现酶解产物中仅存在葡萄糖,表明菌株RSDF-7所产的生淀粉降解酶主要为糖化酶。扫描电镜观察结果发现,经RSDF-7粗酶液酶解后的生木薯粉颗粒破裂,形成空洞,说明RSDF-7粗酶液对生淀粉有较强的水解作用。可以预见,经纯化后的曲霉菌株RSDF-7生淀粉酶将来可以用于基于酶解的木薯淀粉转化。     

苹果杂交后代植株果实着色性状的遗传分析和预测

苹果着色问题是影响我国许多产区苹果质量的重要因素,本研究利用苹果着色相关基因MdMYB1（GenBank登录号：DQ886414）设计引物进行PCR扩增,开发出一个酶切位点为HaeⅢ的CAPS标记Mb2,该标记可用于区分杂交亲本‘富士’和‘嘎拉’苹果及分析其杂交后代植株。进一步利用Mb2标记对该杂交组合的后代植株进行遗传分析,结果表明,可将77个后代植株分为2组,一组42个后代植株含有来自‘嘎拉’亲本的非红色性状等位基因以及来自‘富士’亲本的非红色性状等位基因或者红色性状等位基因,其果实颜色预测为非红色与红色或者非红色与桔红色;另一组35个后代植株含有来自‘嘎拉’亲本的红色性状等位基因以及来自‘富士’亲本的非红色性状等位基因或者红色性状等位基因,其果实颜色预测为桔红色与红色或者只有红色。本研究结果将为选育优质苹果新品种提供依据和方法参考。