Influence of Low Light Irradiance on Grain Filling in Rice (Oryza saliva L.) cultivars

Time course of grain filling pattern in two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, grown under normal and low light intensities, was studied. The number of spikelets, partially filled grains and high density grains were monitored at a 5 day interval during grain filling period from uniform panicles tagged at anthesis. The low light tolerant cultivar Swarnaprabha had more high density grains and less partially filled grains throughout the grain filling period and at harvest compared to cultivar Ratna under both normal and low light intensities. Further, the opening of spikelets in two flushes in Swarnaprabha seemed to result in a more efficient resource allocation and hence better yield as compared to Ratna, in which the opening of spikelets was in a single flush on day 10.     

中国狗牙根染色体数变异研究初报

通过国内30份狗牙根种源当色体数目的观测分析.结果表明,①我国狗牙根种质资源染色体数目呈现非常高的异质性,不同种源具有不同染色体数,同一种源不同根尖存在不同染色体数,同一根尖不同细胞亦具备不同染色本数,不同倍性平均出现的频率依次为:4n(32.26%)>n(18.98%)>3n(10.7%)>6n(2.13%)>2n(0.41%).此外,非整倍体平均比率高达32.1%.②染色体数目与纬度、经度、海拔间均无显著回归关系.该项研究为我国狗牙根种质资源开发利用提供了初步的试验依据.     

COMBINED USE OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND CONTRAST ENHANCED COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY TO EVALUATE ACUTE NECROTIZING PANCREATITIS IN TWO DOGS

The imaging findings in two miniature schnauzers with acute necrotizing pancreatitis are described. Both dogs were treated previously for diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. Vomiting, anorexia, and lethargy were observed in both dogs at presentation. Laboratory evaluations supportive of pancreatitis included left shift, abnormally high serum amylase and lipase activities, hypocalcemia, and abnormally high serum activities of liver enzymes. Sonographically, both dogs had diffusely enlarged hypoechoic pancreatic tissue with anechoic foci compatible with necrosis, abscessation, phlegmon, and pseudocysts formation. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) findings in both dogs were compatible with pancreatic necrosis. Dog 1 was managed medically for 11 days. Follow-up CT scan in this dog disclosed decreased pancreatic size and increased contrast enhancement compatible with partial resolution of pancreatitis.     

蒙古马基因组拷贝数变异的研究

拷贝数变异(copy number variation,CNV)在人类和动物基因组中普遍存在,是重要的遗传变异资源.本试验利用比较基因组杂交(comparative genomic hybridization,CGH)芯片对2匹蒙古马和1匹纯血马进行全基因组CNV检测,共检测到210个CNVs,长度6 109 bp至571.87 kb,平均值为37.81 kb,中值为14.45 kb.合并重叠的CNVs,共检测到70个CNV区域(CNV region,CNVR),大小从6 151 bp至573.59 kb,平均值和中值分别为38.93和14.45 kb,总长度为6.19 Mb.经CNV基因注释和功能分析发现,大部分基因与嗅觉受体活性、嗅觉感官知觉、化学刺激的感官知觉、识别和嗅觉传导等功能相关.对5个CNVRs进行qPCR检验,83.33%的qPCR结果与CGH芯片结果一致.通过对蒙古马基因组拷贝数变异的研究,证明CNV在马基因组中普遍存在,为揭示马基因组CNV与重要生物性状的关联性及品种改良奠定了基础.     

温度和时间对野桂花蜜淀粉酶值的影响

本实验以两种野桂花蜂蜜样品为实验材料,在不同温度和时间条件下处理,通过试管法测定蜂蜜中淀粉酶值。结果表明:随着温度的升高和处理时间的延长,蜂蜜中的淀粉酶值呈下降趋势。     

利用猪1.4M高密度SNP芯片检测巴马香猪全基因组拷贝数变异

旨在检测巴马香猪基因组上的拷贝数变异（CNV）,并探究标记密度对于CNV检测效率和准确率的影响。本研究利用319头巴马香猪（其中阉公猪160头和母猪159头）1.4M高密度SNP芯片的数据,采用PennCNV和R-Gada两种软件进行CNVs检测;然后通过重叠CNV融合法,构建拷贝数变异区域（CNVR）,并用全基因组关联分析（GWAS）对频率大于5%的CNVR进行验证;最后根据不同的标记密度,均匀抽取一定数目的SNPs来探究标记密度对CNV检测效率和准确性的影响。结果,PennCNV和R-Gada软件分别检测到6 327和3 489个CNVs,分别构成795和340个CNVRs,其中226个为共同CNVRs。在这226个共同CNVRs中,最短的为3.98 kb,最长的为1 297.78 kb,总长度为33.27 Mb,其中102个（45%）与前人报道的CNVRs重叠。在PennCNV检出的795个CNVRs中,有135个频率大于5%,其中20个得到GWAS验证,验证率为15%。随着SNP密度的逐渐增加,CNV的检测效率和检测准确性不断提高,尤其是小片段CNVs的检测效率。本研究利用1.4M SNP芯片的数据,通过PennCNV和R-Gada软件绘制巴马香猪CNVR的草图,为将来鉴别与重要经济性状相关的CNVRs奠定了基础。同时,揭示了标记密度对CNV检测效率和准确性有正面影响,为后续CNV研究选择合适的标记密度提供了一定的参考。     

Analysis on Polymorphisms of Three CNV Regions in Five Pig Breeds

The paper was aimed to investigate the polymorphism of copy number variation (CNV) in different pig breeds.Three CNV regions of CNVR91,CNVR92 and CNVR143 were chosen from the porcine SNP60 chip genotyping results.The polymorphisms of three CNVs were determined by Real-time quantitative PCR method,taking five pig breeds as samples,including Yorkshire pig,Xiang pig,Kele pig,Nuogu pig and Rongchang pig breeds.The results showed that the dominant status of CNVR91 was loss in Xiang pig,while it was normal in other four pig breeds.The major type of CNVR92 was deletion in Xiang pig,Yorkshire pig,Kele pig and Rongchang pig breeds,with a high normal percent in Nuogu pig.For CNVR143,the dominant event was gain in Xiang pig and Nuogu pig breeds,but it was not diverse in other three pig breeds.These results indicated that three CNV regions emerged with polymorphism in five pig breeds,which might have effects on gene expression in CNV regions and physiological function by dosage effect especially in Xiang pig,Nuogu pig and Kele pig breeds.     

Genetic diversity,anti‐microbial resistance,plasmid profile and frequency of the Vi antigen in Salmonella Dublin strains isolated in Brazil

Salmonella Dublin is strongly adapted to cattle causing enteritis and/or systemic disease with high rates of mortality. However, it can be sporadically isolated from humans, usually causing serious disease, especially in patients with underlying chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to molecularly type S. Dublin strains isolated from humans and animals in Brazil to verify the diversity of these strains as well as to ascertain possible differences between strains isolated from humans and animals. Moreover, the presence of the capsular antigen Vi and the plasmid profile was characterized in addition to the anti‐microbial resistance against 15 drugs. For this reason, 113 S. Dublin strains isolated between 1983 and 2016 from humans (83) and animals (30) in Brazil were typed by PFGE and MLVA. The presence of the capsular antigen Vi was verified by PCR, and the phenotypic expression of the capsular antigen was determined serologically. Also, a plasmid analysis for each strain was carried out. The strains studied were divided into 35 different PFGE types and 89 MLVA‐types with a similarity of ≥80% and ≥17.5%, respectively. The plasmid sizes found ranged from 2 to >150 kb and none of the strains studied presented the capsular antigen Vi. Resistance or intermediate resistance was found in 23 strains (20.3%) that were resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, imipenem, nalidixic acid, piperacillin, streptomycin and/or tetracycline. The majority of the S. Dublin strains studied and isolated over a 33‐year period may descend from a common subtype that has been contaminating humans and animals in Brazil and able to cause invasive disease even in the absence of the capsular antigen. The higher diversity of resistance phenotypes in human isolates, as compared with animal strains, may be a reflection of the different anti‐microbial treatments used to control S. Dublin infections in humans in Brazil.     

甘肃环县两种沙打旺蛀秆害虫数量随季节、年份和草地年龄的变化动态

沙打旺是我国北方主要的豆科牧草和水土保持植物,害虫是其生产的限制因素之一,其中沙打旺小食心虫（Crapholita shadawana）（卷蛾科）和沙打旺黑潜蝇（Melanagromyza adsurgenis）（潜蝇科）为重要的蛀秆害虫。本研究于2004年、2005年和2006年8月或9月以及在2005年5月（返青后期）、6月（拔节期）和8月（开花初期）调查了甘肃环县4个年份（1998年、2000年、2002年和2003年）建植的沙打旺草地上此两虫的发生规律,发现其发生与年份、草地年龄和季节有关,两虫分别为害3龄以上（含3龄）和8龄以下（含8龄）沙打旺,植株被害率分别为20.0%~100.0%和52.0%~100.0%,其中2005年发生最普遍,植株被害率均为100%。虫口数量随年份变化,其中在年龄最大（1998年建植）和最小（2003年建植）的草地上,沙打旺小食心虫在2006年时的百枝虫量均显著（P<0.05）低于其他两年,而在其他年龄的草地上则均显著（P<0.05）高于其他两年,3年中最高达65.8头·百枝-1（即65.8%的枝条受害,1998年建植2004年数据）;沙打旺黑潜蝇在2006年时在年龄最小草地上显著（P<0.05）高于其他年份,在年龄最大草地上则显著低于（P<0.05）其他年份,3年中最高达38.8头·百枝-1（即38.8%的枝条受害,2000年建植2004年数据）。基于4个年度建植的草地在调查年份中年龄与百枝虫量的关系可知,总体上,两虫的虫口数量均随着草地年龄的增加而增加（年度有波动）,分别于7龄和8龄时达到高峰,此后随着草地的衰退而急剧下降。在同一年份的不同生长季节,两虫均于6月开始为害（5月时未见发生）,但沙打旺小食心在6月时仅出现在年龄最大草地,在各龄草地上8月的百枝虫量显著（P<0.05）高于6月,而沙打旺黑潜蝇6月时百枝虫量已达最大值,除年龄最小草地外均显著（P<0.05）高于8月。在同一枝中未发现2种害虫,也未发现2头或2头以上的同一害虫。受害枝条外观与未危害枝条无明显差异,故剖茎观察虫体、虫洞和虫粪是判别枝条是否受害的主要方法。甘肃省为此两虫的新分布省份。     

Population structure and genetic diversity of worldwide Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever and Lancashire Heeler dog populations

The aim of this study was to research the population structure and genetic diversity of the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever (NS) and the Lancashire Heeler (LH) dog breeds. Data consisted of nearly all the worldwide registration history for both breeds, including 28 668 NS and 4 782 LH individuals. A reference population, including the females born between 1999 and 2008, was defined for genetic analyses for each breed. Average depth of the pedigrees known for the reference population dogs was 12.9 complete generation equivalents in the NS and 6.0 in the LH. Only a small fraction of the born dogs were used later for breeding. Effective number of founders was 9.8 in the NS and 15.2 in the LH. More than 50% of the genetic diversity in the reference population was explained by two ancestors in the NS and five in the LH. Average inbreeding coefficients in the reference populations were 0.26 in the NS and 0.10 in the LH. Average kinships were 0.26 and 0.08 and realised effective population sizes 18 and 28, respectively. Failure to use available genetic resources for sustainable breeding has resulted in depletion of genetic variation in both breeds. To increase genetic variation, a larger proportion of the dogs should be used in reproduction and the contributions of reproducing animals should be equalized. In the LH, it is necessary to use the unregistered farm dogs in breeding. In the NS, crosses with another breed are needed.