冷冬对美洲斑潜蝇越冬及发生趋势的影响

研究表明：在冷冬条件下，美洲斑潜蝇仍可安全越冬，但其在春季的发生推迟。冷冬对美洲斑潜蝇夏秋季发生趋势无影响。入梅的早迟，雨量的大小，雨日的多少，作物布局及长势，栽培方法等，是影响其夏秋季发生为害的主要因子，可在测报与防治上加以应用。     

Appresoorium formation of Puccinia hordei on partially resistant barley and two non-host species

One of the components of partial resistance of barley to leaf rust,Puccinia hordei, is a reduced infectibility. It was investigated whether this low infectibility may rest on a hampered appressorium formation of the leaf rust fungus. The appressorium formation on the primary leaves of 11 barley genotypes with an intermediate-to-low infectibility was compared with that on the highly infectible L94. The number of stomata per cm² leaf area occupied by appressoria ofP. hordei was determined per genotype by means of fluorescence microscopy. No cosistent differences could be detected, indicating that the mechanisms causing a low infectibility of partially resistant barley seedlings act at a phase later than the formation of the appressoria. On the non-host wheat not fewer appressoria were formed than on L94, but no appressoria were found on a lettuce genotype. The latter probably lacks the stimuli that enable the fungus to find stomata.Samenvatting Eén van de componenten van partiële resistentie van gerst tegen dwergroest,Puccinia hordei, is een verminderde infectiedichtheid. Het mechanisme, dat hieraan ten grondslag ligt, is onbekend. Een experiment werd uitgevoerd om na te gaan of bij partieel resistente rassen een verminderde appressoriumvorming optreedt. Na inoculatie in een inoculatietoren en een zorgvuldig uitgevoerde incubatie werd het aantal huidmondjes per cm² bladoppervlak bepaald dat bezet was door appressoria vanP. hordei. De elf weinig vatbare gerstlijnen uit deze studie bleken niet reproduceerbaar te verschillen van de zeer vatbare gerstlijn L94 in de mate van appressoriumbezetting. Dit wijst erop dat infectiedichtheidsverschillen t.g.v. partiële resistentie veroorzaakt worden door mechanismen die werken na de appressoriumvorming. In een tweede experiment werd aangetoond dat zelfs op de niet-waardsoort tarwe, waaropP. hordei geen symptomen veroorzaakt, niet minder appressoria worden gevormd dan op L94. Op een sla-genotype trad echter geen appressoriumvorming op. Op deze laatste niet-waardsoort ontbreken waarschijnlijk de stimuli die de schimmel in staat stellen huidmondjes te vinden.     

Dynamic climate control; an optimization study for earliness of cucumber production

The culture of a cucumber crop can be divided into two stages: growth of young plants until flowering, and fruit production. The first stage should be as short as possible to minimize the costs during the vegetative phase. In the present study, a simple optimization model was tested. The model quantifies the instantaneous effect of environmental factors on earliness of production using the number of leaves as a characteristic parameter related to the onset of the production stage. The temperature in the glasshouse was optimized by maximizing the difference between the rate of economic production and the rate of energy consumption.In a glasshouse experiment, it appeared that effects of light and temperature on the leaf unfolding process differ. Whereas the leaf unfolding rate responds rapidly to a change in temperature, changes of light intensity give rise to a considerably delayed response. The effect of light intensity during the time prior to planting appears to be of significant importance to the leaf unfolding rate in the subsequent period from planting until flowering.     

苦瓜平脐蠕孢叶斑病病原鉴定

This study was conducted to identify the pathogens causing a new leaf spot disease on bitter gourd. The diseased leaves were collected from bitter gourd plantations around Nanning, Guangxi province. The pathogen causing this disease was identified by pathogenicity, morphology, and combined gene sequences analysis on ITS, TEF and GPD. The morphological characteristics of the pathogen were similar to that of Bipolaris bicolor. The representative isolate was clustered into one clade in phylogenetic tree with B. bicolor, which indicated that the leaf spot of bitter gourd was caused by B. bicolor. This is the first report of a leaf spot disease caused by B. bicolor on bitter gourd.     

玉米新月弯孢叶斑病研究进展

 玉米弯孢叶斑病是一种世界性玉米病害,也是中国玉米产区的主要病害之一。20多年来,国内外在该病害发生规律、致病性分化与诱导抗性机理、生物防治技术等方面开展了深入研究。本文主要就该病害优势致病菌新月弯孢菌 [Curvularia lunata (Wakker)Boedijn]的生物学特性、致病因子与生理分化机理、毒素结构鉴定、毒素合成与调控、诱导抗病性分子机理等方面的研究进展进行综述,以期对玉米弯孢叶斑病防控技术的创新提供参考。     

桑叶超氧物歧化酶（SOD）的研究

分别用高速冷冻离心法和低速室温离心法提取了桐乡青、湖桑１９７、团头荷叶白、尖头荷叶白４个品种的顶芽、第５位和第１０位叶以及蚕沙残桑叶的ＳＯＤ粗酶液，然后用ＮＢＴ光还原法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分别分析测定了它们的活性及其同工酶。试验结果表明：用高速冷冻离心法和低速室温离心法提取的ＳＯＤ，其活性无显著差异；同一叶位的桑叶ＳＯＤ活性在不同桑品种之间无显著差异；同一桑品种不同叶位的ＳＯＤ活性有显著差异；蚕沙残桑叶的ＳＯＤ活性与第１０位叶的ＳＯＤ活性相当。发现桑叶中有３～４种ＳＯＤ同工酶。     

GIS空间分析技术在苜蓿叶面积测定中的应用

借助数码相机获取苜蓿叶片和参照物图像,经R2V矢量化后利用GIS空间分析技术提取其面积和周长等特征信息。结果表明,参照物周长、面积提取值和实际值之间的平均相对误差仅为0.55%和1.08%,远小于叶面积仪器的测量误差(5%~15%),说明GIS空间分析技术应用于苜蓿叶面积测定是切实可行的;作为GIS应用的一个拓展,其强大的数据处理功能可一次性自动输出大量苜蓿叶片的单叶周长、单叶面积、叶片数等多项信息,因此与其他叶面积测定方法相比,GIS空间分析技术测定叶面积具有精确、简捷、数据处理量大、额外投资小等优点,适用于在科研领域和生产上推广使用。     

番茄黄化曲叶病毒病防控技术

介绍做好番茄黄化曲叶病毒病防控的基本原则,以及做好番茄黄化曲叶病毒病防控的具体措施。     

人工模拟自然醇化的库房设施建设与应用

笔者通过对烟叶人工模拟自然醇化的可行性和优势及今后的发展趋势的分析,引进了人工模拟自然醇化的先进库房建设及技术应用,它采用国际先进的技术对烟叶醇化库的温湿度进行实时监测,实现了对监测数据的对比、分析、存储、显示、打印、报警等多项功能。改变了以往手工抄表的状况,减轻了工作人员的劳动强度,在仓库监控管理领域具有很高的推广和应用价值。