仿生变刚度关节设计与试验

变刚度关节是一种具有本质柔顺性的机器人机构,能够提高机器人与人交互作用时的安全性。本文设计了一种采用弹簧片的机械式仿生变刚度关节,利用差动轮系实现关节位置与刚度的独立控制。基于弹簧片大挠度变形,在关节中采用的2种弹簧片末端施力结构对刚度特性的影响进行分析,仿真结果表明,末端施力结构对偏转时的刚度变化有较大影响。对变刚度关节样机的刚度性能进行试验,试验结果与仿真结果一致,表明该关节具有较大的刚度变化范围,并且2种末端施力结构可以分别满足持续高刚度和碰撞安全性的应用要求。     

棉花群体叶面积载荷量与产量关系及对源的调节效应研究

通过对棉花单位叶面积负载的生殖器官量的研究结果表明：较高的叶面积载荷量［以单位叶面积负载的果节数（个／ｍ２叶）、结铃数（个／ｍ２叶）及生殖器官干重（ｋｇ／ｍ２叶））能够促进棉花群体叶片光合强度提高和养分向棉铃输送增多，因而群体成铃数增多，产量提高。同时由剪叶、疏蕾试验揭示了，当群体叶面积系数控制在适宜范围内，可通过提高叶面积载荷量使产量进一步上升，群体叶面积系数过大时，通过减少叶面积，提高叶面积载铃量可以使产量增加。而当叶面积过小时，虽叶面积载荷量增大，但终因光合面积太小，产量下降，因此叶面积载荷量可作为反映棉花群体源库是否协调及改进栽培技术的依据。     

3个家蚕品种部分产茧量及体质量性状指标的协方差分析

养蚕生产中家蚕的桑叶食下量难以人为控制在同一水平,通常认为食下量会对蚕体生长发育及全茧量等产茧量指标产生显著甚至极显著影响。以山东省现行的3个春用蚕品种为材料,将食下量作为协变量进行协方差分析的结果表明,3个家蚕品种在3-5龄的蚕体质量增量、全茧量、茧层量性状指标上无统计学意义(P>0.125 2),仅个别指标均值间的最大差异在0.1水平下显著(P全茧量=0.066 9,P茧层量=0.056 1),因此该方法校正了用常规方差分析得出的上述性状指标在品种间存在极显著差异(P<0.000 1)的有偏结论,还明确了消化吸收量对上述性状指标影响不显著,可不作为协变量考虑。     

HPLC法测定枇杷叶中齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量

为了建立枇杷叶中齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量的高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定方法,选用色谱柱Agilent Ecilpse plus C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相:乙腈-0.1%氨水(70∶30)磷酸调p H=8.0,流速为0.8 m L/min,检测波长210 nm,柱温25℃。齐墩果酸和熊果酸能达到基线分离,分离度R2.5,齐墩果酸在0.20~7.94μg、熊果酸在0.21~8.49μg范围内呈良好的线性关系。试验证明该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,重现性好,可用于枇杷叶药材的质量控制。     

伞形科参棕亚科及牵环花亚科气孔的结构及其分类学价值

本文首次深入研究了伞形科参棕亚科和牵环花亚科及相关类群34属(参棕亚科9属,牵环花亚科21属)48种植物叶片(茎或果实)的气孔结构,结果显示有3种类型气孔:无规则型,不等型及平列型。参棕亚科的气孔多为平列型,少为无规则型,而牵环花亚科多为无规则型,少为不等型(Gymnophyton除外)。Bowlesia分支的细胞壁多为深波状,其他分支的细胞壁多平直。气孔结构的研究为分子系统学建立的参棕亚科和牵环花亚科,以及Bowlesia分支提供了形态学依据,并支持分子系统学将Apiopetalum,Mackinlaya及Stilbocarpa从五加科分别移入参棕亚科和牵环花亚科,将Homalosciadium,Platysace,Hermas及Klotzschia移出两亚科。     

竹叶复合颗粒饲料加工工艺及其喂羊试验

通过对竹叶的开发,研制出适合优质肉羊饲用的竹叶颗粒饲料,使竹叶变废为宝,有效地解决了临安市非常规饲料资源的利用。进行了竹叶复合颗粒饲喂育成羊和羔羊的试验,结果表明,试验羊只的增重效果良好,经济效益、社会效益和生态效益均显著。     

Yield and morphological responses of a forage sorghum to mefluidide

Abstract

Due to rapid growth, stem build‐up in forage sorghum crops often leads to considerable wastage by animals and consequent loss of production. In this study the potential of the chemical plant growth regulator, mefluidide, for modifying the morphology of forage sorghum was examined. Mefluidide was applied to two consecutive plantings of forage sorghum at 0; 0,14 and 0,28 kg/ha. Treatment with mefluidide suppressed stem elongation of sorghum plants and stimulated tillering 4–6 weeks after application. After 6 weeks the stem:leaf ratio of treated plants was significantly lower (P ≤0,05) than that of control plants. On average, total dry matter (DM) yield was marginally higher for the control, but DM yield of leaf material was significantly higher. (P ≤0,05) for treated plots from 6 weeks after mefluidide application. No significant differences were observed between levels of mefluidide but responses of different variables over time differed between plantings. This was associated with different stages of plant growth when mefluidide was applied and different environmental conditions for two plantings.     

水分对柠条萌蘖株和未平茬株光合参数及调渗物质的影响

对柠条Caragana korshinskii平茬后的萌蘖株和未平茬的对照株在夏季旺盛生长期进行了水分处理,并研究了浇水前后萌蘖株和对照株光合参数及调渗物质的变化。浇水前,萌蘖株具有较高的水势 (LWP)、光合速率(A)、气孔导度(G)、蒸腾速率(E)、光系统II最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)和光系统II实际量子产率(△F/Fm′);而对照株相应指标较低,但对照株光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）,脯氨酸(Pro)、 丙二醛(MDA)含量较高。浇水后,对照株LWP、A、G、E、Fv/Fm、△F/Fm′均有不同程度的上升,而NPQ值和Pro、MAD的含量下降。浇水对萌蘖株和对照株叶绿素(Chla+b)含量影响不显著,且浇水前后萌蘖株均高于对照株。结果表明：萌蘖株在生长季所受干旱胁迫较小,植物将更多的光能以光合作用的形式利用,植物生长迅速;而对照株所受干旱胁迫的影响较为严重,光合速率低,植物将更多的光能以热的形式消耗,导致植物生长缓慢。     

Identifying phenological functional types in savanna trees

Savannas are notable for the varied patterns of leaf display in the tree layer. Characterising this variation, and assessing the range of phenological strategies apparent in savanna ecosystems will be helpful for understanding savanna tree life-histories and their response to global change. We recorded leaf phenological metrics on a monthly basis for 28 woody species for one year in a semi-arid savanna at Nylsvley Nature Reserve, South Africa. Using these metrics four plant functional types were described: (1) evergreen species, which retained full canopy throughout the year; (2) semi-evergreen species, which lost a significant amount of canopy during the dry season, but not less than 60%; (3) obligate deciduous species in which the canopy was leafless for about 3 months during the dry season; and (4) rain-stimulated species, in which canopy flushing was driven by rainfall patterns. Of the 28 species, 18% were evergreen, 18% obligate deciduous, 32% semi-evergreen and 32% were rain-stimulated species. These results confirm that phenological strategies are variable in savannas, and highlight that there are numerous cues controlling the timing of leaf out and leaf drop. By defining distinct phenological strategies we can predict which plant functional types will have phenological cues that will be vulnerable to shifting climates.     

施用镁肥对桑叶产量和叶质的影响

试验表明在Ｋ／Ｍｇ相对较高的酸性土壤,施用镁肥可提高桑叶产量和改善桑叶品质,在生产上可以施用钙镁磷肥或喷施２％硫酸镁溶液。