里岔黑猪和巴里杂交猪达100 kg体重日龄校正系数研究

【目的】估计里岔黑猪及其与巴克夏杂交猪(巴里猪)达100 kg体重日龄(D100)的校正系数CF和A,并比较两种校正系数的校正效果,为里岔黑猪和其他地方猪种D100的估计提供参考。【方法】以554头里岔黑猪、941头巴里1代和755头巴里2代猪为研究对象,利用润农性能测定系统,收集它们肥育期的体重和日龄数据。根据始测日龄≥60d、始测体重≥25 kg等标准对数据进行质控,质控后的数据用于CF和A的估计。CF是两条直线斜率的比值,其中分子是体重对日龄回归直线的斜率,分母是经过终测点(终测日龄和终测体重)和原点(日龄和体重均为0)直线的斜率。A是体重对日龄一元回归方程的截距,通过拟合体重对日龄的一元回归方程直接得到。校正系数估计出来后,用方差分析来检验性别和群体对校正系数的影响,并把估计的CF和A分别代入各自的校正公式,分别计算D100,即CF和A的校正日龄(D100CF和D100A)。通过t检验,比较D100CF和D100A之间是否存在显著差异,并计算它们之间的相关系数。然后利用每个个体的体重和日龄,分别建立日龄对体重的回归方程,并根据各自的回归方程计算达100 kg体重的回归日龄(D1...     

Three cases of idiopathic eosinophilic enteritis with chronic obstinate diarrhea in Japanese Black fattening cattle

Eosinophilic enteritis (EOE) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease and is characterized clinically by chronic obstinate diarrhea. Three Japanese Black (JB) fattening cattle (2 males and 1 female) on different cattle farms presented with chronic episodic diarrhea without fever or dehydration. Soft reddish spherical carneous tissues (1−3 cm) were occasionally excreted within the diarrheic feces. Administration of antibiotics, antidiarrheal drugs and vermicides had no therapeutic effect, but dexamethasone improved the fecal characteristics. The symptoms persisted until the animals were slaughtered at 27–30 months of age. Histopathological examination of the intestines revealed marked eosinophilic infiltration in the lamina propria and submucosa. From these findings, we diagnosed these cattle as the first cases of EOE in JB cattle.     

Epidemiology of Leishmania infantum,Toxoplasma gondii,and Neospora caninum in Rattus rattus in absence of domestic reservoir and definitive hosts

Isolated environments are privileged settings to study transmission of infection. Montecristo is a small island where no wild or domestic carnivores are present. Invasive Black rats Rattus rattus (n = 78) were captured and tested by PCR for Leishmania infantum, Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. We wanted to test, for these parasites, the existence of a sylvatic cycle independent of reservoir or definitive hosts. None of the rats tested positive by PCR for either T. gondii or N. caninum. We recorded a 15.5% prevalence (CI95% 8–26%) of L. infantum in the rats and Phlebotomus mascittii was captured in Montecristo, leading us to identify it as possible vector of the parasite.     

5-Aza-CdR对德保黑猪手工克隆重构胚胎体外发育效果的影响

为了探讨5-氮杂-2'-脱氧胞苷（5-Aza-CdR）对德保黑猪手工克隆（HMC）重构胚胎体外发育效果的影响,本研究分别从供体细胞和重构胚入手,比较了5个不同处理浓度（0、5、10、20和40 nmol/L）5-Aza-CdR处理HMC重构胚的体外发育效果,筛选最佳处理浓度;在最佳浓度下比较5个不同处理时间（0、24、48、72和96 h）对HMC重构胚的体外发育效果,筛选最佳处理时间;用4个不同浓度（0、0.25、0.5和1 μmol/L）5-Aza-CdR结合最佳浓度和最佳时间处理供体和重构胚,比较其体外发育潜能。结果显示,与空白对照组相比,5、10、20和40 nmol/L 5-Aza-CdR处理72 h对重构胚卵裂率均无显著差异（P>0.05）,20 nmol/L 5-Aza-CdR处理能显著提高重构胚的囊胚率（P<0.05）,10和20 nmol/L 5-Aza-CdR处理均能显著提高囊胚细胞数（P<0.05）,其中以20 nmol/L 5-Aza-CdR效果最佳;与空白对照组相比,利用20 nmol/L 5-Aza-CdR处理HMC重构胚72 h能显著提高重构胚的囊胚率和囊胚细胞数（P<0.05）,其余处理时间对重构胚卵裂率、囊胚率和囊胚细胞数均无显著影响（P>0.05）;在囊胚的最佳处理浓度（20 nmol/L）和最佳处理时间（72 h）下,结合供体的4个处理浓度（0、0.25、0.5和1 μmol/L）,同时处理重构胚和供体,各处理组HMC重构胚的发育潜能均有提高,但效果均不显著（P>0.05）,其中0.25~0.5 μmol/L 5-Aza-CdR处理效果较佳。综上表明,适宜浓度（0.25~0.5 μmol/L）的DNA甲基化酶抑制剂5-Aza-CdR处理供体细胞72 h并结合20 nmol/L 5-Aza-CdR处理重构胚72 h均能有效提高德保黑猪HMC重构胚胎的体外发育潜能,该结果可为今后研究德保黑猪HMC胚胎DNA甲基化调控机制提供参考。     

植被恢复对典型黑土表层土壤团聚体水解酶活性的影响

以典型黑土区耕地和14、23、50年生落叶松人工林表层土壤为研究对象,通过混合土壤和不同粒径(d)干筛团聚体中蔗糖酶、β-D葡萄糖苷酶、磷酸酶活性及土壤酶活性几何平均数等指标的测定、计算与分析,以期探究混合土壤和干筛团聚体之间酶活性的差异,揭示植被恢复对土壤团聚体水解酶活性的影响。结果表明,混合土壤酶活性显著低于团聚体酶活性(P0.05),表现出团聚体对土壤酶具有明显保护作用。植被恢复不同程度的提高了混合土壤和团聚体酶活性,其中以提高d≤1.00 mm各粒径团聚体酶活性及综合指标达到显著水平(P0.05),d≤1.00 mm粒径团聚体酶活性可以作为定量表征黑土区土壤生境质量变化的敏感指标。     

北京鸭贝氏隐孢子虫(Cryptospridium baileyi)人工感染试验

用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法,从北京鸭新鲜粪便中分离贝氏隐孢子虫卵囊,经2日龄雏鸡传代纯化卵囊,收集高峰期排出的卵囊。人工感染2日龄雏鸭157,每只剂量分別为4.27×10~7和2.64×10~7个卵囊;另5只不感染作对照组。实验组在接种后第3天,首次在粪便中发现贝氏隐孢子虫卵囊,排卵囊时间长达17天,排卵囊高峰期为接种后第6-14天。在接种后第7天,实验组鸭开始出现呼吸困难等症状,严重发病多见于感染后第10-14天。临床症状为:张口呼吸、伸颈、胸腹部起伏明显、气喘、咳嗽等。第14天以后临床症状逐渐消失。在楼种后第11天,实验组死亡1只,死亡率为6.7%。剖检发病严重或死亡的雏鸭,可见泄殖腔、法氏囊及呼吸道粘膜上皮水肿,肺腹侧坏死,呈灰白色硬块等;气囊增厚、混浊,呈云雾状外观。用泄殖腔、法氏囊及呼吸道粘膜涂片染色,可见大量的淡红色球形虫体;光镜切片染色亦可见许多大小不一的虫体位于粘膜表面。虫体寄生部位的上皮细胞微绒毛脱落、上皮细胞肿胀等。     

渤海黑牛品种保护与开发模式探讨

为探索渤海黑牛保种与开发模式,本文采取调查实践、查阅文献等方法,分析了的现状与机遇,提出了强化三个关键环节,完善三项机制的模式。     

Threonine supplementation reduces dietary protein and improves lipid metabolism in Pekin ducks

1. This study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of threonine (Thr) supplementation on reducing dietary crude protein (CP) content and the effects of Thr on lipid metabolism in Pekin ducks. The effects of dietary CP concentration (160, 190 and 220 g/kg) and Thr supplemental concentration (0, 0.7, 1.4, 2.1 and 2.8 g/kg) on growth performance, carcass, liver lipid and plasma profiles were determined in Pekin ducks from 1–21 d of age.

2. A total of 720-d-old male Pekin ducks were randomly allotted to 1 of 15 dietary treatments with 6 replicate cages of 8 birds per cage for each treatment according to average body weight.

3. Dietary Thr supplementation improved growth performance and breast muscle percentage at all CP diets, and ducks fed Thr-supplemented diets had higher plasma concentrations of some plasma amino acids. Thr supplementation reduced the concentrations of total lipid, triglyceride, cholesterol in liver, and plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterin concentration at 160 and 190 g/kg CP, whereas it increased triglyceride concentration at 160 g/kg CP.

4. Thr requirements based on quadratic broken-line model estimation were 6.6 and 7.0 g/kg for optimal average daily gain (ADG), and 6.7 and 7.3 g/kg for breast muscle percentage of Pekin ducks from 1–21 d of age at 190 and 220 g/kg CP, respectively. The dietary Thr requirements and estimated ADG (55.18 vs. 55.86 g/d/bird) and breast muscle percentage (2.79% vs. 2.75%) of Pekin ducks did not differ between 190 and 220 g/kg CP according to the t-test results.

5. Dietary CP level could be reduced to 190 g/kg in Pekin ducks from 1–21 d of age with Thr supplementation to balance dietary amino acids, and Thr supplementation prevented excess liver lipid deposition in this instance.     

肉鸭急性硒中毒试验

对14日龄肉鸭硒中毒时的病理组织学变化进行了研究。结果表明:随着服硒量的增加,中毒症状逐渐加剧。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组肉鸭于服硒1d后出现中毒症状,Ⅳ组于服硒后1h便出现明显的中毒症状,并于9d内全部死亡。其主要临床症状为:呼吸困难,运动失调,食欲下降或废绝,精神沉郁,消瘦,头肿大,离群闭目呆立,口、鼻流出砖红色液体,排绿色或白色稀粪。其剖检病理变化为:消化道出血,肝脏肿大、坏死并伴有出血(充血),肺水(气)肿和淤血,肾有弥漫性出血点,脾白髓淋巴细胞萎缩变性、数量减少,网状细胞增生、肿大。光学显微镜下观察:肝、心、肾、脾等实质细胞变性、坏死及组织内充血、出血,肝细胞肿胀并出现局部核溶解,肾小球肿大并颗粒变性,肺泡出血。     

重庆地区一例鹅感染鸭圆环病毒病的PCR诊断

利用PCR技术对重庆荣昌地区患病鹅进行圆环病毒检测的过程中,发现一例鹅感染鸭圆环病毒的阳性病例,说明水禽之间的圆环病毒可能存在交叉感染的现象。