三江自然保护区冬季鸟类生态调查

1998年1月和2001年11月，两次对三江国家级自然保护区冬季鸟类进行了调查，共记录39种鸟类。其中，冬候鸟12种，仅占黑龙江省冬候鸟总数的52．2％，留鸟27种，仅占黑龙江省留鸟的46．5％。优势种5种，常见种6种，偶见种28种。两次调查比较可见，多数冬候鸟在11月份尚未迁入保护区境内。农田和岛状林生境食物资源丰富，分布的鸟类种类最多，沼泽生境鸟类最少。冬季鸟类食物组成多样，多种鸟类集群活动、觅食。     

Are gullies best for biodiversity? An empirical examination of Australian wet forest types

A relatively common observation in forest environments has been that gullies support higher species richness and individual abundance than elsewhere in the landscape. We completed a detailed case study of birds to contrast species richness and assemblage composition between gullies and other parts of the topography of landscapes in three closely related and spatially adjacent wet ash forest types – those dominated by Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans), Alpine Ash (E. delegatensis) or Shining Gum (E. nitens) – in the Central Highlands of Victoria, south-eastern Australia. We also quantified the influence of a wide range of other measures of stand structure and plant species composition on the bird assemblage and on individual bird species.     

Avian assemblages in eucalypt forests,plantations and pastures in northern NSW,Australia

Eucalypt plantations are expanding rapidly in Australia, and their value for native fauna requires investigation. The relative conservation value of young eucalypt plantations was investigated through assessment of avifauna richness, abundance and composition using transect surveys incorporating point counts in five broad habitat types—dryland forests, riparian forests, dryland plantations, riparian plantations, and riparian pastures (strips of riparian vegetation surrounded by pastures). A total of 73 species were recorded during formal surveys. Species richness and abundance were comparable among all habitat types except dryland plantations, which supported fewer species and in lower numbers. The avifauna assemblage differed according to broad habitat types. Forest habitats (dryland and riparian) harboured more forest- and woodland-dependent species, and a greater abundance of nectarivores and insectivores. Riparian plantations supported a similar number of forest- and woodland-dependent species to forest habitats, but also retained some open-country species. Riparian pastures had the highest cumulative species richness, reflecting a diverse mix of forest- and woodland-dependent birds and open-country species. It was the preferred habitat type for granivores and vertebrate eaters. Dryland plantations were dominated by common species and omnivores, and supported fewer forest- and woodland-dependent birds, insectivores and frugivores compared with other habitat types. The presence of riparian strips increased avifauna diversity and abundance in plantations and pastures to a greater extent than predicted by the proportional area of riparian habitat. The importance of riparian habitats needs to be recognised and incorporated into management policies if biodiversity conservation is to be an objective of plantation establishment.     

鸟类消化系统形态学研究进展

从消化道形态结构与食性、食物质量、能量、生态类型等方面的关系,对国内外鸟类消化系统形态学研究现状进行综述,并对未来研究工作进行展望,以期为相关研究者提供科学的借鉴。     

Comparison of breeding bird and vegetation communities in primary and secondary forests of Great Smoky Mountains National Park

We compared breeding bird communities and vegetation characteristics at paired point locations in primary (undisturbed) and mature secondary forest (70-100 years old) sites in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA to understand how sites logged prior to creation of the park compare to undisturbed sites following 70 years of protection from human disturbance. We found that bird and vegetation communities are currently similar, but retain some differences in species composition. Rank abundance curves for primary and secondary forest bird communities showed very similar patterns of species dominance. Species composition was also similar on the two sites which shared 24 of the 25 most frequently recorded species. Nonetheless, comparisons of density estimates derived from distance sampling showed three bird species were more abundant on primary forest sites and that one bird species was significantly more abundant on secondary forest sites. Notably, comparisons based on raw counts (unadjusted for potential differences in detectability) produced somewhat different results. Analyses of vegetation samples for the paired sites also showed relative similarity, but with some differences between primary and secondary forests. Primary forest sites had more large trees (trees greater than 50 cm diameter at breast height) and late successional species. Primary forest sites had a denser tall shrub layer while secondary forest sites had a denser canopy layer. Nonetheless, tree species richness, basal area of live trees and number of standing snags did not differ between primary and secondary forest sites. Results indicate that breeding bird communities on sites within the park that were logged commercially 70 years ago are currently quite similar to bird communities on sites with no history of human disturbance. Similarities between the bird communities on previously disturbed and undisturbed sites in Great Smoky Mountains National Park may exceed those on more fragmented landscapes because large patches of primary forest, adjacent to commercially logged sites, remained in the park when it was established in 1935. These patches of primary forest may have served as source areas for commercially logged sites.     

四川海子山自然保护区鸟类群落结构及多样性

应用样线法,调查海子山自然保护区鸟类的组成和群落结构,经调查确认保护区内有鸟类16目48科210种,以留鸟和夏候鸟为主,鸟类区系成分复杂,古北界种类略占优势。根据鸟类栖息地的生境类型,将保护区鸟类划分为5个群落。调查得知,不同群落的优势种、常见种有较大差异;同一群落类型的物种组成、数量、遇见频次的季节差异明显。运用Shannon Weinner指数计算各群落的多样性;采用E=H／Hmax。计算群落中各群落物种的均匀度;用百分率相似性数（index of percent similarity）对各群落做相似性比较。结果表明：保护区内鸟类群落结构与各群落类型内部的空间异质性程度密切相关,群落的空间结构越复杂,则物种多样性就越高;湿地鸟类群落的均匀度指数最高,而高山灌丛鸟类群落的均匀度指数最低;各群落类型百分比相似性指数均较低;鸟类群落结构具有较大差异。     

21世纪头十年徐州市鸟类种群变化

对徐州市1999年和2012年间鸟的种类和数量变化进行了分析.两次调查结果表明,总的种数变化不大,但种的组成变化较大,两次调查中均出现的种仅占总种数的50％左右.     

甜樱桃大棚安全生产栽培技术试验

甜樱桃对环境条件要求严格,冻害、裂果、鸟害等自然灾害或异常气候成为限制甜樱桃栽培区域及生产的严重障碍.甜樱桃大棚栽培有效防御了低温的危害、果实遇雨裂果及鸟害等,有效地扩大了甜樱桃的栽培区域,使生产安全.     

广西鸟类分布新记录——褐翅燕鸥

2013年6月在广西涠洲岛自然保护区进行动物资源调查时,观察并拍摄到一群褐翅燕鸥,属广西鸟类新记录种。对该物种的分类、分布及种群状况进行了记述和讨论。     

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter from wild birds of prey in Spain

Wild birds have been identified as a relevant reservoir of Campylobacter spp., therefore, a potential source of infection in humans and domestic animals. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. on birds of prey in Spain. In addition, antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates were evaluated. A total of 689 specimens of 28 raptor species were analyzed, with a resulting individual prevalence of 7.5%. C. jejuni was the most frequently isolated species (88.5%), followed by C. coli and C. lari (3.8% each). The occurrence of Campylobacter was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in nocturnal birds of prey (15.3%), in spring season (12.2%) and in carnivorous species (9.4%). Isolates displayed a remarkable resistance to nalidixic acid (69.9%), ciprofloxacin (69.9%), and tetracycline (55.6%), and a low resistance to streptomycin (6.7%).Our findings highlight the importance of birds of prey as reservoirs of Campylobacter strains and their significant role as carriers of antimicrobial resistance.