不同品种青贮玉米群体光合性能指标的变化

通过对不同青贮玉米品种群体光合性能指标的研究结果表明，不同青贮玉米品种叶面积指数、光合势、群体生长率在整个生育期均呈单峰曲线变化，峰值出现在散粉至乳熟期间，因不同品种而异。净同化率则呈“马鞍”型曲线变化。多分蘖品种科试1号、植株高大品种东陵白与农大647在生育期间叶面积指数和光合势均较高，东陵白生育前、中期群体生长率显著高于其它品种，且高值持续时间较长，这是其生物产量高的生理基础。生产中，采取合理栽培措施，克服此类品种植株高大、个体繁茂、群体郁蔽导致植株病害和倒伏严重的不足，可实现青贮玉米群体生物产量的进一步提高。     

爱比菌素对朱砂叶螨的室内毒力及生物学影响

爱比菌素是一种新的生物杀螨剂，是由除虫链霉菌发酵产生的大环内酯化合物。它对久效磷抗性敏感的两组朱砂叶螨种群有很高的毒性，ＬＣ５０值各为０．００３８ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．０１５３ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＬＣ９５值分别为０．０２６３ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．０２７９ｍｇ／Ｌ。用０．０２８８ｍｇ／Ｌ（近似ＬＣ９５）的浓度处理带螨的棉叶，幼若螨在７２ｈ死亡率达９０％，对卵无效；该浓度处理棉苗７天后对成螨和幼若螨无残效。用近似ＬＣ５０浓度（     

An economist's perspective on irrigation performance assessment: With examples from large scale irrigation in Morocco

This paper accepts that assessing the performance of irrigated agriculture is difficult because being multi-dimensional it requires a multi-disciplinary approach. Public irrigation schemes may have a number of often competing objectives and are assessed by interest groups with differing values and perspectives. A wide range of performance indicators are thus required. Some of these and the complex inter-relationships that may exist in the system are illustrated.     

A review of irrigation performance assessment in California

A survey of irrigation performance assessment as conducted in California was performed. Emphasis was placed on the actual procedures employed by the State's major water providers and irrigation districts. Survey results covered the development of innovative irrigation performance assessment parameters as well as the methodologies used to evaluate these parameters. All aspects of California's irrigation infrastructure were considered, from the management of major hydraulic structures, through water delivery, and on-farm consideration. Environmental performance assessment methodologies were also examined.     

Farmer's perspective on irrigation performance

Of the many client groups with interests in irrigation system performance, farmers are probably the least often considered. This paper attempts to explore the meaning of irrigation performance from their perspective, highlighting at the outset basic difference between this perspective and that of system managers. It then reviews several important concepts underlying a consideration of performance in irrigation systems. The paper then proposes and discusses a set of twelve measures of irrigation service judged to be of interest to farmers. These are adequacy, timeliness, equity, tractability, convenience, predictability, temperature, sediment content, salt content, nutrient content, toxics, and pathogens.     

颗粒日粮中添加柠条对滩羊生长性能、血液生化指标、瘤胃发酵及羊肉品质的影响

[目的]研究颗粒日粮中添加柠条对滩羊生长性能、血液生化指标、瘤胃发酵及羊肉品质的影响。[方法]选择体重相近的健康去势滩羊20只,随机分成两组,每组10只;对照组饲喂含有10%菊花粕的颗粒日粮,试验组饲喂含有6%柠条和4%菊花粕的颗粒日粮;开展周期为50天的育肥试验,测定滩羊的生长性能指标;育肥试验结束后,测定滩羊血液生化指标;屠宰后测定滩羊的屠宰性能指标,并取瘤胃液测定瘤胃发酵指标;取背腰最长肌,测定粗脂肪、粗蛋白、氨基酸含量以及脂肪酸组成。[结果]试验组和对照组滩羊的初始体重和终末体重无显著（P>0.05）差异;试验组平均日增重较对照组降低10.84%,差异不显著（P>0.05）;对照组平均日采食量显著（P<0.05）高于试验组;两组试验羊料肉比相同。试验组滩羊血清中的总蛋白含量显著（P<0.05）高于对照组,其他血液生化指标无显著（P>0.05）差异。对照组滩羊屠宰率比试验组高1.59%,差异不显著（P>0.05）;两组试验羊肝脏重、肝脏指数、心脏和肺脏重、心脏和肺脏指数差异不显著（P>0.05）。试验组滩羊瘤胃液中丁酸浓度显著（P<0.05）高于对照组,异戊酸浓度显著（P<0.05）低于对照组。对照组和试验组滩羊背腰最长肌中分别检测出18种和20种脂肪酸,粗蛋白含量分别为17.51%和20.92%,粗脂肪含量分别为3.22%和3.89%,总氨基酸含量分别为13.25%和14.09%。[结论]颗粒日粮中加入柠条对滩羊生长性能、血液生化指标和屠宰性能影响不明显,但可改善瘤胃发酵,丰富羊肉中脂肪酸组成及含量,增加肉中粗蛋白、粗脂肪和氨基酸含量。     

玉米茎腐病拮抗放线菌的筛选及抑菌促生活性鉴定

以禾谷镰孢菌为靶标,采用稀释培养法和平板对峙法从采集的玉米连作土壤中分离筛选出具有拮抗活性的放线菌菌株,选取1株拮抗效果最佳的菌株进行形态学、生理生化特征和系统发育分析,并对其进行抑菌活性试验,挖掘对玉米茎腐病致病菌-禾谷镰孢(Fusarium graminearum)有较高拮抗效果的根际促生菌资源。结果表明,玉米连作土壤中分离得到5株禾谷镰孢菌拮抗菌株,其中菌株G1为高效拮抗菌株。经形态学、生理生化结合16S rDNA将菌株鉴定为公牛链霉菌(Streptomyces tauricus)。拮抗菌株G1发酵液对禾谷镰孢的菌丝生长和孢子萌发均有明显的抑制作用,具有分泌吲哚乙酸和异羟肟酸型铁载体的能力。公牛链霉菌G1在由禾谷镰孢病菌引起的玉米茎腐病防治中具有良好的应用开发潜力。     

微生物菌剂浸种联合生物菌肥防控玉米茎腐病的应用效果

采用微生物菌剂浸种后撒施生物菌肥M1、M2预防玉米茎腐病,检测对玉米田土壤微生物量及酶活性的应用效果。结果表明,五谷丰素浸种联合菌肥M1、M2撒施处理显著提高防控玉米茎腐病的应用效果,乳熟期的预防效果分别为66.3%和68.1%,蜡熟期的预防效果分别为72.9%和74.6%,显著促进玉米出苗率、株高、有效穗数、穗长、穗重、百粒重以及产量。土壤中的微生物碳、微生物氮以及土壤碱性磷酸酶、脲酶、蛋白酶、多酚氧化酶活性均显著增加,其中,五谷丰素浸种联合M2菌肥处理后土壤微生物氮达64.2 mg/kg,脲酶活性达3.3 mg/(g·h),蛋白酶活性达86.5μg/(g·h),多酚氧化酶活性达111.6μg/(g·h)。     

小麦全蚀病拮抗微生物的分离及其拮抗性能研究

从开封北郊的麦田土壤中分离筛选出11株对小麦全蚀病菌(Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici)有拮抗作用的细菌,通过对它们进行生理生化检验,确定为4个种,即:巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringien-sis)、凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)。分别利用平板拮抗和小麦活体拮抗对分离到的11株拮抗菌株的拮抗能力进行检测。结果表明,菌株的平板拮抗能力较强,在活体试验中,可以降低病害的发病强度。     

蚕豆叶正反面对朱砂叶螨生物学特性的影响

试验采用蚕豆叶饲养朱砂叶螨,观察蚕豆叶正反面对朱砂叶螨的发育历期、单雌产卵量、雌雄性比、世代死亡率的影响,试验结果表明,朱砂叶螨在叶正面的产卵量为单雌5.86粒,极显著低于叶反面的单雌15.22粒;叶正面和叶反面卵到成螨历期分别为11 d和10.38 d,差异不显著,性比是1∶1,没有差异。叶正面和叶反面的世代死亡率分别是0.83和0.79,差异不显著。蚕豆叶正面和反面的产卵动态表明,产卵量曲线在前期就呈现下降趋势,在叶正面的产卵期(4 d)明显低于叶反面(8 d)。