水稻抗旱性能鉴定方法及评价指标研究进展

抗旱性水稻材料的鉴定筛选是培育抗旱性水稻的一个重要方面。概述了国内外评定水稻抗旱性的常用鉴定方法与评价指标,综合分析了各研究方法的优劣性。并根据前人们对各种抗旱性指标的研究结果,指出了使用单一的抗旱性评价指标的局限性,应构建形态、生理、生化等方面筛选的综合性指标体系来正确评价水稻的抗旱性。     

Defining the validity of a biochemical index of soil quality

 The native soils of Galicia (NW Spain) exhibit a biochemical equilibrium such that total soil N is a function of five biochemical and microbiological parameters: microbial biomass C, mineralized N, phosphomonoesterase, β-glucosidase and urease activities. To investigate whether the ratio of the total N calculated from biochemical soil properties (Nc) and the total N as measured by the Kjeldahl method (Nk; Nc/Nk) can be used as an index of soil quality, we determined these variables and consequently the ratio in three kinds of disturbed soils: an artificially Cu-contaminated soil, two lignite mine soils, and a number of arable soils. In none of the studied soils did the individual biochemical parameters respond consistently to the factors influencing soil quality, but in all cases soil degradation was reflected by the Nc/Nk value, which differed more or less markedly from 100%. Nc/Nk can therefore be used for the rapid evaluation of soil degradation, since it distinguishes among biochemically balanced soils, soils in a transient state of high microbiological and biochemical activity and degraded soils. It can also serve as a reliable basis for the rapid calculation of the "ecological dose" (ED₅₀) of soil pollutants. The use of Nc/Nk as an objective index of the biochemical quality of soils is recommended. Received: 20 December 1998     

A yield-independent, 15N-isotope dilution method to estimate legume symbiotic dependence without a non-N2-fixing reference plant

The proportional contribution of atmospheric N₂ to the N nutrition of lupin (P _atm) was estimated in a field experiment following addition of NH₄Cl of KNO₃ to unconfined microplots (1.5 m²) at 2.5 g N m^-2 (10 atom% ¹⁵N). The integrated ¹⁵N enrichment, or mean pool abundance, of nitrate extracted from 0- to 15-cm samples taken under the lupin crop on eight occasion between 28 and 190 days after sowing was used as the reference criterion to estimate P _atm by the ¹⁵N-isotope dilution technique. Estimates of P _atm were similar to those obtained using canola as a non-fixing reference plant, but were higher than estimates obtained using a yield-dependent model. Use of mean pool abundance obviates the need for a non-fixing reference plant, and the frequent sampling and isotope-ratio analysis of the legume biomass required with the yield-dependent model is unnecessary. However, further work is needed to validate a sampling strategy commensurate with the growth of the legume roots.     

新冠肺炎疫情下“生物学基础”课程在线教学初探

新冠肺炎疫情期间各高校大力推动在线教学,以黑龙江八一农垦大学“生物学基础”课程为例,探讨在新冠肺炎疫情下基于中国大学慕课平台的校内SPOC+QQ屏幕分享的线上教学方式。     

番茄尾孢叶霉病病原鉴定及生物学特性研究

对河南省新乡市郊保护地发生的番茄尾孢叶霉病的病原、症状、生物学特性等进行了初步研究。结果表明 ,该病的病原菌为番茄煤污尾孢 (CercosporafuligenaRoldan) ,主要危害叶片 ,形成近圆形、多角形或不规则形的灰黑色病斑。病菌分生孢子萌发的适宜温度为 2 5～2 7℃ ,最适 pH值为 6～ 7,致死温度为 5 3℃ 1 0min ,水滴是孢子萌发的必要条件 ,紫外光对分生孢子有很强的杀伤作用。     

疫霉有性生殖生物学特性的研究

对槐生疫霉(Phytophthora robinicola Lu,Xu & Fang),掘氏疫霉(P.drechsleri Tucker)、樟疫霉(P.cinnamomi Rands)和烟草疫霉(P.nicotianae Breda de Haan)有性生殖生物学特性进行研究,结果表明,异宗配合疫霉卵孢子的形成能力因配对菌株的不同而有明显差异,一般种内菌株的亲和性大于种间菌株的亲和性,而不同组种问菌株的亲和性最差。此外,疫霉的有性生殖还受温度、光照、pH、培养基和甾醇等因子的影响。     

兴安落叶松鞘蛾成虫及交配行为的观察研究

本文通过室内饲养观察,对兴安落叶松鞘蛾(Coleophora dahurica Flkv.)成虫生物学特性及交配行为进行了研究。结果发现:其雄成虫出现的时间比雌成虫早24—36h。雌成虫羽化后24—42h为性信息分泌高峰期;羽化后30—48h的雄成虫对性信息素反应最敏感,故雄成虫提前羽化对交配有利。雌成虫无重复交配现象;雄成虫可重复交配,最多可达4次左右。雌、雄成虫在交配过程中有一定的行为反应。补充营养和交配次数对成虫寿命有一定影响。     

A review of management impacts on the soil productivity of South African commercial forestry plantations and the implications for multiple-rotation productivity

An overview of southern African research that has investigated the impact of management practices that can potentially affect the long-term site productivity of plantations is presented, with an emphasis of these impacts on soil productivity and with the implications for multiple-rotation site productivity. Activities that are most likely to cause long-term changes in soil productivity are identified as those causing high site disturbance during the inter-rotation period, notably ground-based mechanised operations and harvest residue management (including complete biomass removal) and, under some conditions, fertilisation. The impacts of these practices on soil and stand productivity are discussed from a southern African perspective. Knowledge gaps are identified and it is suggested that the immediate research priority is to identify meaningful indicators that are sensitive to change and that can be linked to stand production. Other key research focus areas are proposed and the need for a permanent long-term monitoring network is highlighted.     

牛大力的品种选育试验研究

从品种的属性着手,通过对不同种源牛大力的生物学特性和生理学指标的对比分析,初步选育出3个比较优良的品种。     

江西省造林再造林碳汇项目发展潜力的评价指标探讨

文章对江西省清洁发展机制造林再造林碳汇项目发展潜力的评价进行分析研究,通过对土地资源、林木生长率、生物多样性、造林成本、农民收入等有关评价指标的分析,表明江西省实施CDM-AR项目具有明显的优势和巨大的潜力。