利用近等基因系研究豌豆铁蛋白基因对水稻重要生物学特性的影响

为研究外源豌豆铁蛋白基因(Pea-Fer)导入水稻后对受体重要生物学特性的影响,本实验以原始受体亲本粳稻(Oryza sativa ssp.japanica)品种秀水11为轮回亲本,外源豌豆(Pisum sativum)铁蛋白转基因纯系Fer34为非轮回亲本,采取连续回交,结合gus标记基因辅助选择技术,在BC6F3获得含Pea-Fer的Fer34-XS11,它与秀水11构成一对近等基因系。结果显示,(1)Pea-Fer导入显著提高了水稻籽粒中的铁元素含量,但对镁、钙、锰和锌等元素的积累作用影响不大;(2)Pea-Fer导入对种子发芽特性和苗期植株生长速率无显著影响;(3)Pea-Fer导入没有改变成株叶片光合色素的含量和组成,但一定程度上提高了植株的净光合速率;(4)Pea-Fer导入对水稻的成熟期农艺性状及经济性状均无不良影响。外源豌豆铁蛋白基因的导入除使水稻籽粒的铁含量有明显增加外,研究结果表明对水稻其它重要生物学性状并无明显负作用,这为开展富铁水稻新品种培育提供了依据。     

基于细胞多层介电模型的脉冲电场生物学效应研究

为确定脉冲电场生物学效应的电场参数,从细胞多层介电模型出发,通过研究其等效电路模型在外加电场中生物响应的仿真分析得出植物细胞外膜具有低通滤波特性,内膜具有带通滤波特性。同时对细胞外膜跨膜电压进行时域分析表明频率小于2.83 Hz、电场强度大于69.7 kV/m、ms/μs级脉宽的极低频脉冲电场可以在植物细胞外膜产生可逆电穿孔。采用电场强度为100 kV/m、频率为1 Hz、脉宽为80 ms的极低频脉冲电场处理萌发绿豆种子,在萌发第4 d时,绿豆种子的芽长和根长分别比对照组增加了65.8%和80.2%。     

不同氮磷钾施肥配比和施肥用量对玉米产量的影响

[目的]为探讨不同氮磷钾施肥配比及用量对玉米产量的影响。[方法]研究运用"3414"回归最优设计原理,在晋中榆次区东阳试验基地设置玉米肥效试验。[结果]所有处理中处理6(N2P2K2)产量最高达15 990 kg/hm2,处理1(N0P0K0)不施肥时产量最低为10 973 kg/hm2,产量差异显著;比较不同氮、磷、钾肥用量下的玉米产量,发现在其他种肥料不变的条件下单一提高另一种肥料的施用量,玉米的产量随肥料用量的提高先上升后下降;对比各缺素处理,发现对玉米产量影响次序为氮肥钾肥磷肥。[结论]氮肥是影响该区玉米产量的主要因素。在生产上,施肥时应重点考虑氮肥的投入及氮肥的基追比例。     

落叶松叶蜂生物学特性及天敌

落叶松叶蜂Ｐｒｉｓｔｉｐｈｏｒａ ｅｒｉｃｈｓｏｎｉｉ（Ｈａｒｔｉｇｉ）在黑龙江省鸡西地区１年１代。８月中旬以茧内老熟幼虫在枯枝落吉层３－５ｃｍ表土层下越冬。翌年６月初开始化蛹，７月中旬为盛期，８月上旬结束。６月中旬成虫开始羽化，７月中旬为盛期，８月中旬结束。成虫于６月下旬产卵，７月中旬为盛期，８月中旬结束，卵期平均６ｄ。卵于７月上旬开始孵化，７月下旬为盛期。幼虫其５龄，雌雄比２０：１，该虫６％的     

霉变废料栽培秀珍菇试验

[目的]为了减少栽培食用菌的原料损失、降低生产成本、保护栽培环境,对食用菌生产中产生的霉变废料进行了再利用试验研究,探讨其再利用的有效方法和途径。[方法]秀珍菇（Pleurotus geesteranus）品种为夏丰1号。6种栽培料培养基配方分别为：配方1．废料40％,棉子皮48％,麦麸9％,糖1％,石膏1％,石灰1％;配方2,废料60％,棉子皮30％,麦麸6％,糖1％,石膏1％,石灰2％：配方3,废料80％,棉子皮14％,麦麸1％,糖1％,石膏1％,石灰3％;配方4,废料90％,棉子皮5％,石膏1％,石灰4％;配方5,废料95％,石灰5％;配方6（对照）,棉子皮80％,麦麸18％,糖1％,石膏1％。[结果]发菌阶段配方3效果显著优于对照,可明显提高菌丝生长速度．缩短发菌时间。在鲜菇的生物学效率（产量）方面,配方5与对照差异不显著。[结论]利用霉变废料代替常规棉子皮栽培秀珍菇可行。     

生物钾肥不同施用方法对冬小麦生长发育及产量效应的分析

本文根据硅酸盐菌剂即生物钾肥具有分解和氧化土壤硅酸盐矿物，破坏矿物晶体构造，转化土壤中无效钾的机能，于１９９２～１９９４年进行了生物钾肥对冬小麦生长发育与产量效应的试验研究。探讨出以播前拌种返青沟施是促使小麦促根、增蘖、抗寒、抗干热风、增穗、增粒、增重，提高缺钾麦田再创高产的重要途径。     

生物有机肥对宁夏盐碱地土壤养分和生物学特性的影响

为了探讨生物有机肥施用对宁夏引黄灌区盐碱地土壤化学和微生物特性的影响,明确生物有机肥的最佳施用量及施肥模式,以田间连续4年定位试验为依托,研究了生物有机肥施用量0(CK)、4.5(T1)、9.0(T2)、13.5 t/hm²(T3)及生物有机肥9.0 t/hm²配施无机化肥N 360 kg/hm²(T4)对盐碱地土壤养分含量、酶活性、微生物生物量、微生物群落碳源代谢活性及多样性和玉米产量的影响。结果表明:(1)施用生物有机肥可明显降低土壤p H和全盐含量,土壤养分含量及土壤酶活性随着生物有机肥施用量增加呈递增趋势,且在T2处理基础上增施无机化肥可显著增加土壤速效钾含量14.73%;(2)土壤微生物群落碳源代谢活性及多样性指数均随着生物有机肥施用量的增加而增加, T3处理土壤培养192 h时AWCD值为0.84,经Tukey检验分析, Shannon和Mcintosh指数较CK处理分别增加10.11%和62.67%;(3)随着生物有机肥施用量增加,土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷含量呈递增趋势,各处理平均分别比CK处理增加66....     

莫桑比克鳗鲡养殖生物学主要特性研究

对莫桑比克鳗鲡（Anguillamor morata）玻璃鳗经形态学鉴定品种后,开展了主要养殖生物学特性研究。耐受高温和低温分别为39℃和7℃,适宜生存水温15℃～33℃;耐受盐度与水温相关,水温30℃致死盐度2．9％,适宜盐度小于1．1％,20℃致死盐度2．7％,适宜盐度小于1．8％,10℃致死盐度2．1％,适宜盐度小于2．0％;耐受pH值与水温相关,30℃致死pH值分别为3．5和11．0,适宜pH值6．0—7．0,20℃致死pH值分别为4．0和11．0,适宜pH值6．0～8．0,10℃致死pH值分别为3．5和10．5,适宜pH值5．5—8．5。常用药物S高聚碘、二氧化氯、三氯异氰尿酸、苯扎溴铵、溴氯海因、甲醛、敌百虫的安全浓度高于或接近常用浓度,硫酸铜、溴氰菊脂乳油、氯氰菊脂、甲苯咪唑的安全浓度低于常用浓度。水体中非离子态氨的安全浓度为2．51mg／L,亚硝酸氮的安全浓度为55．12mg／L。     

A Comparison of Three Different Hydroponic Sub-systems (gravel bed, floating and nutrient film technique) in an Aquaponic Test System

Murray Cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell), and Green Oak lettuce, Lactuca sativa, were used to test for differences between three hydroponic subsystems, Gravel Bed, Floating Raft and Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), in a freshwater Aquaponic test system, where plant nutrients were supplied from fish wastes while plants stripped nutrients from the waste water before it was returned to the fish. The Murray Cod had FCR's and biomass gains that were statistically identical in all systems. Lettuce yields were good, and in terms of biomass gain and yield, followed the relationship Gravel bed > Floating > NFT, with significant differences seen between all treatments. The NFT treatment was significantly less efficient than the other two treatments in terms of nitrate removal (20% less efficient), whilst no significant difference was seen between any test treatments in terms of phosphate removal. In terms of dissolved oxygen, water replacement and conductivity, no significant differences were observed between any test treatments. Overall, results suggest that NFT hydroponic sub-systems are less efficient at both removing nutrients from fish culture water and producing plant biomass or yield than Gravel bed or Floating hydroponic sub-systems in an Aquaponic context. Aquaponic system designers need to take these differences into account when designing hydroponic components within aquaponic systems.     

Variation in the hyphal growth rate and the virulence of two genotypes of the crayfish plague organism Aphanomyces astaci

Crayfish plague, a devastating disease of freshwater crayfish, is caused by an oomycete organism, Aphanomyces astaci. Currently five genotypes of A. astaci are known, but variable features between the strains or genotypes have not been studied extensively. This study analysed 28 isolates of the As genotype and 25 isolates of the Ps1 genotype and reveals that the radial growth rate is significantly (P < 0.001) different between these two genotypes, although highly variable inside the genotype As. Two Ps1 genotype isolates and two As genotype isolates with different radial growth rates were tested in an infection trial. Clear differences were detected in the development of mortality in the test groups. The representatives of the Ps1 genotype caused total mortality within a short time span. The As genotype isolates were much less virulent. The slow‐growing As isolate showed higher virulence than the As isolate with a high growth capacity. Although slow growth could be one survival strategy of the pathogen, several other mechanisms are involved in the pathogenicity and warrant further studies.