固氮螺菌突变株CWV-22对作物物质生产及氮素循环的影响 Ⅰ.CWV-22对小麦玉米生长发育及吸氮量影响的砂培试验

1989年进行了小麦、玉米施用CWV-22的苗期砂培试验。结果表明,在10～15mM NH_4~+的培养介质中,CWV-22能与小麦、玉米根系形成联合体;同Sp7比较,施用CWV-22的小麦株高,叶数,干物重和吸氮量分别增加4.6％,6.7％,20％和34％,玉米株高、叶数,干物重和吸氮量分别增6.5％,2.2％,30％和17％,同不施菌的比较,施用CWV-22的小麦株高、叶数、干物重和吸氮量分别增加6.4％,9.6％,34％和43％,玉米株高、叶数、干物重和吸氮量分别增加21％,9.3％,16％和20％。     

低温生物膜中耐冷菌的分离与鉴定

[目的]对组成低温生物膜的耐冷菌进行分离纯化。[方法]从低温生物膜上分离纯化耐冷细菌,对其进行生理生化鉴定,并测定其在4℃和30℃时的生长曲线。[结果]组成低温生物膜的微生物有很多种,其中8种分别属于丛毛单胞菌属、黄杆菌属、节杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、微球菌属、假单胞杆菌属、无色菌属和弧菌属。这8株菌中S3生长速率最高,S2生长速率最低,其他6株菌的生长速率相差不大．它们在30℃时的生长速率均高于在4℃时,且在24h时均进入对数生长期。[结论]该研究对于解决低温污水处理问题具有一定的意义。     

白菜软腐病生防菌B-13最佳培养条件研究

对白菜软腐病生防菌B-13进行了最佳培养条件研究。单因子及正交试验结果表明,氮源对B-13生物活性的影响最大,其次是碳源,NaCl的影响较小;B-13发酵培养基的理想配方为:2%玉米粉+1%酵母膏+1.5%NaCl。B-13的最佳初始pH值是7.5,最适温度为35℃,最佳接种量为3%,最佳培养时间为30 h。     

利用内生细菌防治小麦全蚀病的研究

为了研究小麦内生细菌对小麦全蚀病的生物防治作用,采用表面消毒后涂布平板的方法,从来自河南麦区不同品种的82份健康小麦根系内分离获得530株小麦内生细菌.采用土壤浇灌法,于小麦活体上测定了内生细菌对小麦全蚀病的生防效果,从中获得15株可显著降低小麦全蚀病发病率和严重度的细菌.其中菌株WG-2和Y106对小麦全蚀病的防治效...     

产甲烷细菌保藏方法研究

[目的]研究适合产甲烷细菌保存的方法。[方法]采用严格厌氧技术,对从贵阳周边沼气池中初步筛选的28株产甲烷细菌进行保存,经过短期、长期保存方法试验,测得短期保藏6个月和12个月后,菌株存活率为71.4%,18个月为67%;长期保藏18个月菌株存活率为57.1%。[结论]结果为重新开展产甲烷细菌保藏方法的研究奠定了基础。     

Ammonia oxidizer abundance in paddy soil profile with different fertilizer regimes

Studies about ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) are often focused on topsoil, but little is known about their activity and distribution in subsoil. A long-term fertilizer experiment was conducted to assess the effects of different fertilizer treatments on AOB and AOA in vertical soil profiles of paddy soil plots that received no nitrogen fertilizer control (CK), NPK chemical fertilizers (CF), organic–inorganic mixed fertilizer (OIMF) and organic fertilizer (OF). Soil properties, potential nitrification rate (PNR) and amoA gene abundance of AOB and AOA were measured and analyzed by two-way ANOVA and correlation analysis. Quantitative PCR analysis of amoA genes showed that AOA were more abundant than AOB in all the soil samples. AOB declined sharply with soil depth. Compared with CK and OF treatments, CF and OIMF treatments had higher abundance of AOB throughout the soil profiles. However, AOA tend less responsive to soil depth and fertilizers compared to AOB. This caused the AOA/AOB ratios in subsoil higher than in topsoil, and in CK and OF higher than in CF and OIMF treatments. These results suggest that AOA are more abundant and can be better adapted to nutrient-poor subsoils than AOB, and autotrophic nitrification could likely be determined by a complex suite of environmental factors in vertical profiles of the paddy soil tested.     

ACC脱氨酶细菌对玉米影响的研究

用CS-2、SY-1-1两种ACC脱氨酶细菌的菌体悬浮液浸泡玉米种子,对各处理玉米的发芽率、发芽指数和发芽势等萌发指标,玉米幼苗生长两周后的苗高、苗鲜重、根长、根鲜重等生态指标及过氧化物酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量、叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量等生理指标进行了测定。结果表明：CS-2处理的发芽指数和发芽势在种植后的84 h都较对照高,苗高和根长优于对照并达到了显著性差异;SY-1-1处理的苗高和苗鲜重优于对照并达到了显著性差异;CS-2处理的幼苗过氧化物酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量、脯氨酸含量与对照相比均达到了显著性差异;SY-1-1处理的叶绿素含量优于对照并达到了显著性差异。     

Utilization of Sparingly Soluble Phosphate by Red Clover in Association with Glomus mosseae and Bacillus megaterium

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the mobilization of sparingly soluble inorganic and organic sources of phosphorus (P) by red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) whose roots were colonized by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus mosseae and in association with the phosphate-solubilizing (PS) bacterium Bacillus megaterium ACCC10010. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and rock phosphate had a synergistic effect on the colonization of plant roots by the AM fungus. There was a positive interaction between the PS bacterium and the AM fungus in mobilization of rock phosphate, leading to improved plant P nutrition. In dual inoculation with the AM fungus and the PS bacterium, the main contribution to plant P nutrition was made by the AM fungus. Application of P to the low P soil increased phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere. Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly promoted by inoculation with either the PS bacterium or the AM fungus.     

侗族发酵酸肉中乳酸菌的筛选及鉴定

侗族是中国少数民族之一,主要分布在湖南、贵州、广西等地区。侗族居民有“食不离酸”的说法,其制作的发酵酸肉（Nanxwudl）是经过乳酸细菌、葡萄球菌、酵母菌、微球菌等多个微生物菌群自然发酵而成,风味独特,营养丰富,保存期长,可达数年之久。侗族酸肉的制作法为挑选新鲜的猪腹背肉,切分成长条方形,用适量食盐干腌数天,沥干后按一定比例拌入炒米及调料,揉制均匀后装坛密封发酵。     

甜菜褐斑病内生拮抗菌的筛选、鉴定及其防效测定

 Three hundred and one endophytic bacteria strains were isolated from healthy sugar beet plants in severely diseased plots in Changji County,Xinjiang Province.Three endophytic bacteria strains,1-5,4-1 and 4-3,showed relatively strong antagonistic against Cercospora beticola.Strain 1-5 was identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa,while strains 4-1 and 4-3 were as Bacillus flexus and Stenotrophomonas sp. by their morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics.The results from several experiment trials showed that the endophytic bacteria could reduce the disease incidence of sugar beet.The control efficiency reached from 67.6% to 80.2%, indicating that biocontrol with endophytic bacteria was an alternative and potential method to control sugar beet fungi disease.