小麦根际pH,细菌数量,有机质变化研究

通过研究灰漠上和碱化灰漠上中小麦根际、非根际pH、细菌数量和有机质含量变化,发现两种土壤小麦根际上中细菌数量和有机质含量比非根际上中高。由于较低的pH值,因而灰漠土中小麦根际、非极际土中的有机质含量和细菌数量均高于碱化灰漠土中。     

The frequent detection of a treponeme in bovine digital dermatitis by immunocytochemistry and polymerase chain reaction

A study was carried out to determine whether spirochaetes are frequently associated with digital dermatitis in United Kingdom (UK) dairy cattle. Histopathological examination of lesions using a silver stain showed a large number of unidentified spirochaete-like organisms present in digital dermatitis hoof skin tissue in all examined biopsies. Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated that spirochaetes in skin lesions were identified by polyclonal antisera to Borrelia burgdorferi, Treponema denticola and Treponema vincentii (again all biopsies were positively stained), whereas monoclonal antibodies to B. burgdorferi and any Treponema pallidum did not stain any organisms in all biopsies. A PCR of 16S rRNA, previously shown to be specific for a new treponeme, was employed and produced positive results from 82.4% of digital dermatitis tissues. It is concluded that this spirochaete (or related spirochaetes), which is similar to human oral treponemes, is frequently associated with, and may be responsible for, pathological changes in digital dermatitis.     

松嫩草地不同植物功能群土壤细菌的碳源利用

基于Biolog-Eco技术,研究了长期受放牧干扰的松嫩草地羊草(Leymus chinensis)、禾草、豆科植物和杂类草4类植物功能群土壤细菌碳源利用规律。结果表明,4类植物功能群土壤细菌碳源利用情况各不相同。其中,杂类草功能群土壤细菌代谢活性最高,其次是禾草功能群、羊草功能群,豆科植物功能群最低。4类植物功能群土壤细菌均对糖类和氨基酸这两类碳源利用较好,对酚酸和胺类这两类碳源利用情况较差。杂类草的Shannon-Wiener指数,Pielou均匀度指数以及Gini多样性指数最高,而豆科的最低。冗余分析(RDA)表明,土壤中全氮和有机质对杂类草及豆科植物功能群土壤细菌碳源利用情况影响较大,电导率、pH以及含水量则对羊草和禾草功能群土壤细菌碳源利用情况影响较大。     

红豆草、紫花苜蓿根瘤菌接种研究

依据豆科植物与其相应的根瘤菌可以共生固氮的生物学特性，对红豆草、紫花苜蓿进行根瘤菌接种试验，在各生育期就结瘤量、地上部鲜重、株高、产草量进行观测，结果表明：红豆草和紫花苜蓿接种根瘤菌后，可提高幼苗结瘤率，增加分枝期结瘤量和地上部鲜重，提高花期产草量，增加土壤中有机质和速效氮含量。     

循环水养殖系统生物滤池细菌群落的PCR-DGGE分析

通过模拟实验对循环水养殖系统中不同初始NH ₄N浓度的生物滤池中生物膜上和水中的细菌数量及群落种类组成进行了研究。对成熟生物膜及水体样品中的异养菌、氨氧化菌、亚硝酸盐氧化菌的培养计数结果表明,随着生物滤池初始氨氮浓度增大,除异养细菌数量逐渐下降外,生物膜上的氨氧化菌和亚硝酸盐氧化菌数量呈逐渐增加趋势,且均高出水样3~4个数量级;同时对上述样品的16S rRNA基因片段的PCR扩增产物进行变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析及其序列同源性分析的结果表明,生物膜和水中都有较高的细菌多样性,同一初始氨氮浓度的滤池中生物膜上的细菌多样性高于水中的。生物滤池中的细菌主要由拟杆菌门的黄杆菌纲和变形菌门的α-、β-、γ-变形菌纲的15种细菌组成。生物膜上的优势菌包括奥雷氏菌属、湖饲养者菌属、泥滩杆菌属、沉积杆菌属、雷辛格氏菌属、冷蛇形菌属和亚硝化单胞菌属等;水体中的优势菌则有明显差异,主要有蛋黄色杆菌属、Nautella,玫瑰杆菌属和一种硫氧化菌等。初始氨氮越高的滤池中,亚硝化单胞菌属的细菌在生物膜上所占比例越高,逐渐成为优势菌之一。实验证实,挂膜初期,提高水体中初始氨氮浓度,有利于硝化细菌的富集和固着,提高生物滤池的除氮效率。     

龟鳖废水处理系统中细菌群落组成及动态变化

为了优化废水处理系统的菌群结构,提高水质净化效率,实验采用高通量测序技术对龟鳖废水处理系统的细菌群落组成进行分析,同时对细菌群落和废水水质进行相关性分析.结果显示:不同处理单元中的菌群结构存在显著差异,在门分类水平上,各处理单元的主要细菌类群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacte-roidot...     

中国对虾（Penaeus chinensis）养成期虾池水体和底质及虾体异养菌和弧菌含量的变化

本文报道了辽宁省瓦房店市邓屯乡高家养虾场对虾养成期虾池水体和底质及虾体异养菌和弧菌含量的变化。结果表明外海水中异养菌数量为１０￣４～１０￣５个／毫升，弧菌数量为１０￣２～１０￣３个／毫升，虾池水中异养菌数量为１０￣４～１０￣５个／毫升，弧菌数量为１０￣２～１０￣４个／毫升，底质中异养菌数量为１０￣５～１０￣７个／克，弧菌数量为１０￣３～１０￣４个／克。虾体肌肉中异养菌数量为１０￣３～１０￣５个／克，弧菌数量为１０￣３～１０￣５个／克；肝胰脏中异养菌数量为１０￣３～１０￣７个／克，弧菌数量为１０￣２～１０￣７个／克；肠道中异养菌数量为１０￣６～１０￣７个／克，弧菌数量为１０￣６～１０￣７个／克。     

Biological control of the Western flower thripsFrankliniella occidentalis in cucumber using the entomopathogenic fungusMetarhizium anisopliae

Biological control of the western flower thrips (WFT)Frankliniella occidentalis, using the entomopathogenicMetarhizium anisopliae-7 (M. a-7) strain was studied in three consecutive seasons under greenhouse conditions. Cucumber plants infested with WFT were sprayed with spore suspension of the fungusM. a-7 (0.5 g m^-2), or the soil was treated with dry powder of the fungus (0.5 g m^-2); the control was without fungus application. In the 1997 spring experiment, when the cucumber plants were initially infested with only three or four insects per leaf, the spore suspension spray caused a significant reduction in growth of the thrips population compared with the other treatments and the control. However, in the 1997 summer experiment, when the plants were initially heavily infested with WFT (10–15 insects per leaf), the spray treatment caused only a modest reduction in WFT population growth, and only after 4 weeks of treatment was the reduction significant. In the 1999 experiment, with a low initial WFT population of three or four insects per leaf, the spray treatment was effective in reducing the population growth to a lower level than in the other treatments or control. TheM. a-7 strain was found to be effective in reducing the population growth of WFT under greenhouse conditions, particularly when the initial thrips population was low to moderate. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 4, 2001.