Variation of the genomic proportion of the recurrent parent in BC1 and its relation to yield performance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) breeding for low-input conditions

In order to define the variation of the genomic proportion of the recurrent parent [G(RP)] and its relation to yield, G(RP) of individual BC₁ plants of two sorghum populations composed of a high‐yielding cultivar as recurrent parent (RP) and a donor with superior drought resistance or grain quality, respectively, was estimated using AFLPs and SSRs. G(RP) in BC₁ ranged from 0.53 to 0.95 and averaged to 0.76 in the population (NP4453 × ‘SV‐2’) × ‘SV‐2’. G(RP) varied between 0.60 and 0.86 and averaged to 0.74 in the BC₁ of (ICV‐219 × ‘SV‐2’) × ‘SV‐2’. Results show that plants with a G(RP) equivalent to BC₂ (0.875) or BC₃ (0.938), respectively, can be selected from BC₁. Yield performance of BC₁S₁ families was tested in field trials carried out in South Africa. The correlation between yield and G(RP) in BC₁ was low. Selection according to G(RP) did not result in an effective preselection for yield.     

Identification of QTL for Popping Characteristics Using a BC2F2 Population and Comparison with Its F2：3 Population in Popcorn

Normal corn germplasm can be used to improve popcorn （Zea mays L.） through 1-2 backcrosses with popcorn as recurrent parents. Popping characteristics of derived lines from popcorn × dent or flint corn crosses play a determinant role in popcorn breeding. Advanced backcross QTL methods can effectively combine QTL identification and plant breeding. 220 selected BC2F2 families developed from a cross between Dan 232, a dent corn inbred line, and N04, an elite popcorn inbred line, were evaluated for three popping characteristics, popping volume, flake size, and popping rate, under two environmental conditions. Using composite interval mapping, a total of 10 significant QTLs were detected, and of these, 2 to 4 QTLs were identified for each trait. Six QTLs had favorable alleles contributed by Dan 232. Comparison with the 15 QTLs detected in the F2：3 families showed that 3 QTLs were the same in both populations. The QTLs should be redetected in generations developed through severe selection. Improved N04 and near isogenic lines could be developed from this BC2F2 population through selfing or another 1 to 2 backcrosses with N04.     

甘蓝型油菜与萝卜杂交产生的杂种BC2代株系抗线虫病分析

以甘蓝型油菜与萝卜杂交,属间杂种经染色体加倍后再与甘蓝型油菜回交,经胚胎挽救技术获得１４５株ＢＣ２代杂种,其染色体数２ｎ＝ ３８～４７．获得的ＢＣ２代杂种株中４个基因型具有高抗线虫的基因,线虫胞囊数为０～３,繁殖系数为０～０．２;９个基因型具有抗线虫的基因,线虫胞囊数为３．１～１０．０,繁殖系数为０．２１～１．７．具有抗线虫基因的植株占２５％ 左右．通过进一步回交,可望获得抗线虫病基因的油菜新品系．     

不同温度制备的生物质炭对土壤有机碳矿化及腐殖质组成的影响

在150～600℃范围内制备生物质炭,并通过室内培养实验研究了施加不同温度制备的生物质炭对土壤有机碳矿化及腐殖质组成的影响。结果表明,随热解温度升高,生物质炭比表面积加大,芳香化结构加深。土壤中添加不同温度制备的生物质炭培养400d后,土壤有机碳的含量都有不同程度的增加。土壤有机碳的累积矿化量随热解温度升高而降低,且添加高温(≥400℃)制备生物质炭的土壤CO2累积释放量低于未添加生物质炭的土壤处理;添加低温(<400℃)制备生物质炭增加了土壤腐植酸和胡敏酸含量,而添加高温(≥400℃)制备生物质炭的土壤其腐植酸和胡敏酸含量的变化不显著。另外,添加生物质炭后,土壤H/F皆未发生显著变化,而胡敏酸的E4/E6值则在添加200℃和250℃制备的生物质炭时显著高于其他处理,添加500℃和600℃制备的生物质炭时显著低于其他处理。     

灰葡萄孢产孢相关基因BC1G_03293功能的初步研究

据灰葡萄孢菌丝发育和菌核形成时期的RNA-seq数据,挑选出在这2个时期表达量差异较大的基因BC1G__03293进行基因功能的研究。结果发现,BC1G__03293在菌核发育时期表达明显上调,表达量比菌丝生长时期上调了70倍以上。该基因编码的蛋白质含有229个氨基酸,N端包含信号肽,但不含有任何已知保守结构域。通过同源重组的方法得到了BC1G__03293的敲除转化子ΔBC1G__03293-2和ΔBC1G__03293-4,并运用农杆菌转化技术得到了互补转化子ΔBC1G__03293-2-C2和ΔBC1G__03293-2-C3。BC1G__03293基因敲除后生长、致病及菌核形成等表型无明显变化,但敲除转化子的分生孢子产量显著下降,仅为野生型菌株B05.10分生孢子产量的45%,并且BC1G__03293基因互补可使敲除转化子的产孢量得到明显恢复。结果说明BC1G__03293基因与灰葡萄孢的分生孢子形成相关。     

水稻纤维素合酶催化亚基的编码基因BC88的表达分析

禾本科植物的脆秆突变体是进行次生细胞壁研究的理想材料。对水稻bc88突变体的前期研究表明,BC88编码一个纤维素合酶催化亚基OsCesA9。通过水稻遗传转化BC88启动子融合GUS的载体,检测到BC88在根、茎、叶、鞘、花中均有表达,并且在茎和根中表达量较高,这可能是由于BC88突变后影响了根系的正常发育及功能,进而影响地上部的生长,最终导致bc88半矮表型。将BC88与GFP的融合表达载体转入水稻和烟草表皮细胞中,共聚焦显微观察显示,OsCesA9定位在质膜上。质膜是纤维素合成的主要场所,这充分说明了OsCesA9是水稻次生细胞壁中纤维素合成必不可少的纤维素合酶催化亚基之一。本研究为BC88执行其生物学功能提供了新依据,对进一步认识该基因在调节次生细胞壁合成等方面的作用具有重要的意义。     

Effect of allelic variation at the Glu-3/Gli-1 loci on breadmaking quality parameters in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) encoded by the Glu-3 loci are known to contribute to wheat breadmaking quality. However, the specific effect of individual Glu-3 alleles is not well understood due to their complex protein banding patterns in SDS-PAGE and tight linkage with gliadins at the Gli-1 locus. Using DNA markers and a backcross program, we developed a set of nine near isogenic lines (NILs) including different Glu-A3/Gli-A1 or Glu-B3/Gli-B1 alleles in the genetic background of the Argentine variety ProINTA Imperial. The nine NILs and the control were evaluated in three different field trials in Argentina. Significant genotype-by-environment interactions were detected for most quality parameters indicating that the effects of the Glu-3/Gli-1 alleles are modulated by environmental differences. None of the NILs showed differences in total flour protein content, but relative changes in the abundance of particular classes of proteins cannot be ruled out. On average, the Glu-A3f, Glu-B3b, Glu-B3g and Glu-B3i_Man alleles were associated with the highest values in gluten strength-related parameters, while Glu-A3e, Glu-B3a and Glu-B3i_Chu were consistently associated with weak gluten and low quality values. The value of different Glu-3/Gli-1 allele combinations to improve breadmaking quality is discussed.     

不同酸化饲料对断奶仔猪影响的研究

本试验选用168头平均35 d断奶的种仔猪,随机分成3组,每组3个重复,每组分别饲喂不同处理的酸化日粮,以酸结合力(BC)和pH表示。其中基础日粮组(第3组)的BC/pH为23.3/6.11,2个试验组(第2组和第1组)的BC/pH分别是14.9/4.9和11.9/4.51。研究酸化日粮对断奶仔猪生产性能、肠道组织结构及生理指标等的影响。结果表明:饲喂不同BC/pH值饲料的仔猪采食量、日增重和饲料转化率差异不显著,但低BC/pH值日粮(11.9/4.51)降低了断奶仔猪的腹泻发生;对应激仔猪十二指肠绒毛高度影响差异显著(P<0.05);对结肠内容物中的大肠杆菌活菌数影响差异显著(P<0.05);对血液内电解质平衡值dEB影响差异不显著(P>0.05);对结肠内容物中的挥发性脂肪酸VFA含量影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

基于CAN总线的智能温室分布式监控系统

系统采用分布式网络结构,主要分为上位机和下位机两部分.上位机主要完成了CAN通讯适配器的设计以及智能温室人机界面的软件设计;下位机以MC68HC912BC32单片机为控制核心,配以一总线温度传感器和湿度传感器组成监控器,利用CAN总线实现对温室大棚内多点的温湿度进行智能监控.实用证明:智能温室分布式监控系统具有性能稳定、经济、方便以及通用性强等特点.     

多元线性回归模型参数的BC估计

考虑多元线性回归模型Y=XB+ε,其中E(Vec(ε))=0,Cov(Vec(ε))=V In,当设计阵X呈病态时,模型参数的LS估计不再是一个优良估计.为此,提出了一种有偏估计———BC估计.在均误差意义下,参数的BC估计优于它的LS估计,并证明了参数的BC估计是可容许线性估计.