奶牛乳房炎乳腺膜蛋白的比较蛋白质组学研究

【目的】通过分析临床健康和乳房炎奶牛乳腺组织膜蛋白的差异表达,以期在蛋白质水平探索奶牛乳房炎的发生机理。【方法】采用二维凝胶电泳技术分离了临床健康和乳房炎奶牛的乳腺组织膜蛋白,经考马斯亮蓝染色后PDQuest 7.4软件匹配、检测凝胶中差异表达的蛋白点,对12个差异蛋白点采用高效液相色谱串联离子阱质谱分析,SEQUEST软件搜索NCBInr数据库。半定量RT-PCR分析差异表达蛋白的mRNA水平。【结果】12个差异蛋白点鉴定为11种蛋白质,其中9个蛋白点在临床型乳房炎奶牛乳腺组织膜蛋白中表达量上调而3个蛋白点表达量下调,主要涉及细胞膜骨架系统、信号转导、物质结合和传递等生物学功能。半定量RT-PCR分析表明,乳房炎奶牛乳腺组织中钙粒蛋白B的mRNA表达水平是健康奶牛的1.6倍。【结论】推测这些差异蛋白的表达变化与奶牛乳房炎发生相关,为从蛋白质水平揭示奶牛乳房炎的发生机理以及发现潜在的治疗目标蛋白提供了理论依据。     

Outbreak of anaplasmosis associated with novel genetic variants of Anaplasma marginale in a dairy cattle

During early lactation, dairy cows may present a transient immunosuppressive state and develop anaplasmosis caused by Anaplasma marginale. In this study, clinical anaplasmosis in dairy cattle in the Thrace region of Turkey was investigated with respect to within-herd prevalence, vertical transmission, and genetic diversity. In March and September 2015, thirty lactating cows showed primary clinical signs of anaplasmosis, including fever, anaemia, decreased milk yield, anorexia, and laboured breathing. Symptoms disappeared in most cows after administration of long-acting oxytetracycline, but nine of them (30%) died. Following diagnosis based on clinical signs, microscopy and molecular findings, blood samples were collected from apparently healthy lactating cows (n = 184), pregnant heifers (n = 39) and newborn calves (n = 24). DNA was extracted from each sample and analyzed for the presence of major surface proteins (MSPs) of A. marginale, followed by sequencing to assess diversity of isolates. Microscopic examination of erythrocytes revealed A. marginale inclusion bodies in symptomatic cows. Examination of thin blood smears showed 3.8% of the lactating, clinically asymptomatic, cows to be infected with A. marginale, while nPCR detected 31.0% positive. A. marginale infection was not detected in pregnant heifers by either method. Congenital infection was found in one calf by nPCR. This is the first report of transplacental transmission of A. marginale in Turkey. The MSP4 sequence analyses showed high genetic diversity among the isolates, presenting 97.6-99.6% homology at the amino acid level. The sequences of MSP1a amplicons revealed genetic diversity providing three new tandem repeats.     

水稻条纹病毒外壳蛋白和病害特异蛋白在寄主体内的积累

ＰＡＳ ＥＬＩＳＡ检测结果表明：（１）水稻条纹病毒外壳蛋白和病害特异蛋白在水稻寄主体内累积量的变化趋势是一致的,而且均与寄主症状的严重度密切相关．（２）不同水稻品种中,２种蛋白的累积量和累积速率有明显差异．明恢６３（高感）２种蛋白的累积量均比ＩＲ３６（高抗）的明显大;０６３８１（耐受性低）２种蛋白的累积速率均比岗优２２（耐受性高）的明显快,０６３８１病叶中２种蛋白累积量在其显症３０ｄ左右达到高峰,而岗优２２的则在４０ｄ左右     

昆虫共生菌沃尔巴克氏体(Wolbachia)的wsp基因密码子使用模式分析

沃尔巴克氏体(Wolbachia)主要感染昆虫等节肢动物,是一类革兰阴性共生细菌。为探讨昆虫纲共生菌Wolbachia的系统发育,研究Wolbachia基因组中进化速度较快的外膜蛋白基因wsp的密码子使用模式及影响因素,统计分析该基因的GC含量(GCall、GC1、GC2、GC3、GC3s)、有效密码子数(ENc)、相对同义密码子使用度(RSCU)等指标。结果显示:昆虫纲共生菌Wolbachia的wsp基因密码子偏好性均不强,昆虫纲不同目间共生菌Wolbachia的wsp基因碱基组成及ENc值差异较小;多数基因数据点沿标准曲线或在其附近分布,突变对碱基组成的影响较弱;18种由多个密码子编码的氨基酸中有11种氨基酸的偏好性密码子在昆虫纲7个目及对照蛛形纲1个目间均相同,有2种氨基酸的偏好性密码子在7个目间相同,这些密码子均以A/U结尾;供分析的140个wsp基因中仅编码6个半胱氨酸(Cys);对应分析中第1、第2向量轴贡献率均不高,分别为13.53%和12.49%,均与碱基组成(GC1、GC2、GC3)显著相关。综合各项分析认为,Wolbachia的wsp基因密码子偏好性不具有宿主分类特异性,密码子使用模式主要受碱基组成影响,而碱基组成主要受选择影响。     

PCV2 Rep蛋白N-糖基化位点突变对病毒复制的影响

N-糖基化对病毒的感染与增殖均具有重要作用,与PCV2复制相关的Rep蛋白含有三个N-糖基化位点。为了分析PCV2Rep蛋白N-糖基化位点突变对病毒复制的影响,本试验构建了三个双拷贝突变体感染性克隆2M23、2M256、2M286,并成功拯救病毒。通过间接免疫荧光检测病毒的拯救效果,TCID50测定病毒的感染力,荧光定量PCR检测细胞病毒的载量。结果显示,PCV2Rep蛋白的23~25aa、256~258aa N-糖基化位点突变后降低病毒的复制能力,而286~288aa突变后增强病毒的复制能力,为进一步阐明PCV2的复制及致病机制提供参考。     

特殊医学用途婴儿配方食品中氯的国标检测方法适用性

依据GB 5009.44—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中氯化物的测定》,对特殊医学用途婴儿配方食品中氯的检测方法适用性展开研究。结果表明：采用GB 5009.44—2016第三法（银量法）检测特殊医学用途婴儿配方食品中乳蛋白部分水解配方、乳蛋白深度水解配方、氨基酸配方得到的样品加标回收率分别为95%～108%、98%～125%、100%～106%,相对标准偏差为12.7%～32.9%;采用GB 5009.44—2016第一法（电位滴定法）得到的检测结果低于第三法检测结果。     

Transgene expression for Gladiolus plants grown outdoors and in the greenhouse

Transgene expression was evaluated for Gladiolus plants transformed with either the CaMV 35S, double CaMV 35S, rolD, or Arabidopsis UBQ3 promoter controlling the uidA or bean yellow mosaic virus coat protein gene in either the sense or antisense orientation to determine differences in expression for plants grown in the greenhouse and outdoors for two years. There was more variability in GUS expression when plants were grown outdoors than in the greenhouse for two years. Four of the six transformed plant lines with the UBQ3, rolD, and CaMV 35S promoters grown outdoors showed significant differences in GUS expression from year to year as compared to two of the six lines with the UBQ3 and rolD promoters grown in the greenhouse. When grown the same year, two plant lines with the CaMV 35S and one line with the rolD promoter showed 2–16× higher levels of GUS expression outdoors than in the greenhouse, and one plant line with the UBQ3 promoter had 31× higher GUS expression in the greenhouse instead of outdoors. Three of six plant lines transformed with the bean yellow mosaic virus coat protein gene in either the sense or antisense orientation under control of the double CaMV 35S promoter showed obvious transgene expression as compared to three lines that did not show expression or negligible expression for both years when plants were grown both outdoors and in the greenhouse. This study verified long-term gene expression, rather than silencing, for Gladiolus plants when grown outdoors and in the greenhouse from year to year.     

巴西橡胶树类甜味蛋白基因HbTLP1的克隆及表达分析

根据模式植物拟南芥中同类蛋白的氨基酸序列在橡胶树转录组数据库中进行同源搜索并设计引物,通过RT-PCR方法扩增巴西橡胶树TLP同源基因的cDNA片段,命名为Hb TLP1.该片段包含一个984 bp的开放阅读框,编码327个氨基酸的多肽.生物信息学分析结果表明,该氨基酸序列含有一个超级THAUMATIN-Like结构域,与杨树、大豆、葡萄和拟南芥的TPL蛋白有较高的同源性.半定量分析结果表明,该基因的表达受水杨酸(SA)和鞭毛蛋白(flg22)的诱导,但不受茉莉酸(JA)的影响.以上结果揭示该基因为橡胶树的TPL同源基因,参与SA介导的抗病信号途径和植物的先天免疫反应.     

氮锌配施对冬小麦氮利用、产量及籽粒蛋白质含量的影响

以豫农202为材料,在大田条件下,研究氮锌配施对冬小麦不同生育时期氮吸收的影响,并探讨氮锌配施对冬小麦氮素利用率、产量以及籽粒蛋白质含量的影响.结果显示:氮锌配施能够促进冬小麦对氮素的吸收,与单施氮肥相比,氮锌配施的冬小麦在开花期、灌浆期吸收的氮素较高,成熟期小麦茎杆氮素含量较低而籽粒含氮量较高.氮锌配施能显著提高冬小麦氮素利用效率,施氮90、180和270 kg/hm2分别配施锌肥15和30 kg/hm2,与单施等量氮肥相比,氮肥表观利用率、氮肥生理利用率和氮素农学利用率分别提高4.8％～14.4％、1.4～9.8 kg/kg和0.6～6.4 kg/kg.氮锌配施比单施同量氮肥增产8.6％、10.5％ (N90),5.9％、14.6％ (N180)和5.9％、5.3％(N270),其中施氮180 kg/hm2配施锌肥30 kg/hm2的产量最高,显著高于其他处理.氮锌配施比单施同量氮肥提高小麦籽粒蛋白质含量,分别提高了8.3％、9.8％ (N90),11.4％、2.3％(N180)和6.9％、5.7％ (N270),其中N180Zn15的籽粒蛋白质含量最高,显著高于其他处理.N180Zn30在实现高产的同时可以显著提高氮肥利用率、氮肥生理利用率和氮素农学利用率,是比较好的氮锌配施组合.     

NA-1株鹅源副黏病毒表面结构蛋白HN的真核表达

应用特异性引物,从鹅源副黏病毒NA-1株中扩增出HN蛋白基因,PCR产物纯化后克隆入pGEM-T载体,得到重组质粒pTHN。用EcoRⅠ和NotⅠ双酶切pTHN,回收目的基因HN片段并将其定向克隆到pPICZαA中,构建重组质粒pPICZαAHN。用SacⅠ酶切pPICZαAHN使其线性化,并电击转化至感受态毕赤酵母细胞GS115。PCR法鉴定阳性重组子,用1%甲醇诱导表达后,进行SDS-PAGE及Western-blot分析。结果在酵母菌培养基上清中检测到相对分子质量为63000的重组蛋白,且该重组蛋白可与NA-1株病毒多克隆抗体发生特异性血清学反应,表明NA-1的HN蛋白片段在Pichiapastoris中获得成功表达。