基于HSV与形状特征融合的花椒图像识别

光照条件变化会对花椒目标识别率产生影响,关系到机器视觉技术能否有效应用于生产现场的花椒采摘。通过对HSV特性图像识别技术的分析,提出HSV和形状特征融合的花椒识别算法。该算法采用同态滤波方法对光照进行补偿,解决因为光照不均匀而导致的花椒识别率低的问题,最后利用花椒圆度特征,排除树枝及树叶等的干扰,实现花椒的准确识别。利用同态滤波方法对光照进行补偿,对于光照不强或者发生遮挡的花椒图像有较大改善,通过试验得出其平均识别率达到94.0%,比单独采用HSV特性识别时,在顺光,背光和遮阴条件下,识别率分别提高4%,13%和21%,此外在遮阴条件下运行时间缩短14.6%。为遮阴条件下提高花椒识别率提供一种方法。     

Bilateral apex pubis distance：a novel index for follicular development and egg laying status in domestic hens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

ABSTRACT

1. Measures of the bilateral apex pubis (BAP) in White Leghorn (WLH) hens aged from 16 to 64 weeks (from the time ovaries were completely undeveloped to senility) were ranked into various groups so the relationship between external traits (BAP distance, comb length, comb height, wattle length, wattle height, body weight) and internal traits (largest ovarian follicle diameter (LFD) and oviduct weight and length) could be determined.

2. Using correlation and regression analysis with data from 16 weeks of age to the onset of lay, measurements of the apex pubis showed a strong correlation with LFD (r = 0.80, P < 0.01) and oviduct weight (r = 0.80, P < 0.01).

3. Multiple comparisons among WLH hens from 16 to 43 weeks of age showed that the BAP distance increased in all groups ranked by LFD or by laying period.

4. In the late laying period (>60 weeks of age), BAP distance showed a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in long-term non-laying hens compared to laying hens.

5. These findings suggest BAP distance can serve as an index for evaluating the onset and probable stages of follicular development during sexual maturation and/or aid in the identification and selection of non-laying hens during reproduction.     

Chronological age and reservoir characteristics as predictors of trait composition in Neotropical reservoir fish assemblages

One of the main impacts on aquatic environments is the alteration of flow regime, usually caused by dam construction. This impact changes the dynamics and functioning of the environment. We aimed to evaluate changes in the composition of functional traits of fish assemblages from 29 reservoirs of different chronological ages. We assessed if there were any alterations in trophic state of these reservoirs according to their ages (chronological variable). Then, we evaluated the relationship between functional traits and environmental/chronological variables. Results showed that reservoir age is a predictor of fish assemblage functional traits composition. In older reservoirs, there was a predominance of omnivorous species, with multiple spawning and parental care. However, herbivorous species, with total spawning and medium size, had their abundance reduced. Also, it was possible to identify the influence of depth and water retention time on the composition of functional traits. By showing that although age has an influence on composition, the intrinsic characteristics of each reservoir are very important in evaluating the impacts of these projects. Therefore, the findings presented provide insights into what may happen to functional traits of fish assemblages with ageing of reservoirs.     

麦芽回潮粉碎对麦汁过滤和麦芽质量的影响

以不同水量喷雾,不同温度及处理时间回潮处理麦芽,观察对麦芽质量的影响。结果表明：工艺条件为1％喷雾,40℃,1hr时,效果较佳。麦芽浸出率提高了1％左右,过滤时间缩短了9％左右,麦汁色泽变浅,适于制造淡色啤酒。     

基于K均值聚类和开闭交替滤波的黄瓜叶片水滴荧光图像分割

为了监测温室黄瓜叶片湿润情况以计算叶片湿润时间并用于病害预警,利用K-均值聚类算法实现黄瓜叶片的水滴荧光图像分割。选择人工气候室培育的健康且洁净的黄瓜叶片作为试验试材,采用移液枪向叶面、叶缘部位上滴水,模拟不同的叶片湿润情形,使用荧光成像仪蓝光镜头在白天（07：00）和夜晚（18：00）分别采集图像。应用 K-均值聚类算法在L*a*b颜色空间对水滴图像进行分割,首先要将原始图像由RGB颜色空间转换到L*a*b颜色空间,然后在在L*a*b颜色空间中利用a*b*二维数据空间的颜色差异,以欧式距离度量像素间的相似度,使用K均值对图像进行聚类,聚类得到的图像灰度化后进一步用数学形态学中的开闭交替滤波方法进行校正,最终完成图像分割。利用该方法对10幅含有不同水滴数量的黄瓜叶片荧光图像进行分割,为了验证该方法的有效性,分别采用基于H分量直方图分割算法、主动轮廓即C_V模型分割方法、融合K均值聚类和Ncut算法作对比试验。试验结果表明,该方法的平均匹配率、误分率相较于其他3种方法有明显的优势,平均匹配率为81.27%、平均误分率为9.57%,较之于其他3种方法,平均匹配率分别提高了44.11、11.50、10.90百分点,平均误分率分别降低了23.03、5.47和5.05百分点。该方法能够较为准确地将水滴从图像中分割出来,这为用计算机器视觉的方法监测黄瓜叶片的润湿时间提供了新的思路。     

基于HP滤波法的新疆枣果价格波动特征

【目的】研究新疆枣价的波动特征和规律,为调节价格波动幅度、促进枣产业发展提供参考。【方法】运用季节调整法和HP滤波法,分析新疆枣果市场价格的波动趋势、规律和特点。【结果】2010年4月~2017年5月间,新疆枣价整体呈现下跌趋势,平均月增长率为-1.06%。2012年,新疆枣价下跌,此后枣价呈阶梯状缓慢下降趋势;新疆枣价在每年11~12月处于最高值,在次年4~6月处于最低值;枣价呈现周期性变化规律,波动频率从2年左右逐渐缩短为1年半,波幅从36.16%降至6.01%,波动峰值逐渐下降。【结论】新疆枣果市场价格呈现明显下降趋势;季节性变动对价格波动影响明显,价格波动呈现V字型季节变化特征;价格周期性变化特征明显,价格波动幅度逐渐减小、波动频率加快,价格小幅起伏更加频繁。     

海参捕捞装置导航中低成本陀螺仪的降噪研究与试验

针对MEMS陀螺仪输出信号中含有的随机漂移噪声造成海参捕捞装置惯性导航精度明显下降的问题,采用时间序列分析法和Kalman滤波算法,对MEMS陀螺仪随机漂移噪声的削减问题进行研究。以MEMS惯性测量单元的实测数据和三维电子罗盘测量的姿态角为样本,对本研究的低成本陀螺仪的降噪效果进行测试,试验结果表明:1)经过降噪处理后的陀螺仪随机漂移信号的方差比陀螺仪原始采样信号的方差降低1个数量级,显著改善了陀螺仪随机漂移数据的精密度;2)以高精度三维电子罗盘实测的姿态角作为参考基准,将降噪后的陀螺仪随机漂移数据导入捷联惯导姿态更新算法程序,在300s时间内,解算出的俯仰角、横滚角和航向角的均方根误差RMSE全部小于1°;与降噪前相比,相应的俯仰角、横滚角、航向角的RMSE分别降低了170.5、97.6和42.5倍,明显提高了惯性导航精度。     

施肥开沟机作业信息远程监测方法与试验

针对目前施肥开沟机缺少作业信息检测装置及其远程监测的需要,基于惯性传感器技术、数据处理技术及网络通讯技术,开发施肥开沟机作业信息远程监测系统。所检测施肥开沟机作业信息包括开沟深度、油耗、作业时间、作业轨迹和作业距离,其中,油耗采用超声波油位传感器检测,作业时间通过设定界限值判断是否为作业段来检测,作业距离和作业轨迹则依赖于GPS定位。由于开沟深度和农作物产量相关,作业信息检测方法重点围绕开沟深度进行研究。采用2个惯性传感器分别检测开沟机和车身的俯仰角,相减得到的倾角差值结合开沟机相关尺寸计算可得开沟深度。基于卡尔曼滤波算法对倾角差值进行滤波以减小机具振动等产生的检测误差。在MATLAB中建立倾角差滤波模型进行仿真,仿真发现:Q/R比值不变,Q、R值变化时,滤波效果基本相同;Q/R比值不同时,随Q/R减小,滤波后倾角差的方差越小,但滞后效果越明显。倾角差滤波试验分为2部分:1)滤波验证试验以模型车为载体,利用不同Q、R参数进行试验,结果与仿真结论一致;2)土槽试验中固定Q、R参数,倾角差经滤波,其方差由4.07减小为0.47,表明滤波有效。田间试验对作业信息进行检测,结果表明:1)开沟深度检测误差在5%以内,结果精确;2)其他作业信息检测准确,检测方法可靠,远程监测系统具有实用价值。     

Effect of air‐drying on phosphorus fractions in clay soil

Despite the publication of a number of papers dealing with the effect of drying on the soil labile P pool, less attention has been paid to the possible drying‐evoked changes in the more stable P pools. We applied Hedley's sequential fractionation procedure that aims at quantifying soil P reserves according to their decreasing plant availability to examine the effects of drying on soil P fractions in clayey soil samples of different cultivation history. To further investigate the contribution of organic matter disruption to the solubility of soil P, the P extracted in each fractionation step was divided into two size classes by filtering the suspension through a 0.2 μm membrane filter. There were no air‐drying‐induced changes in the total amount of P extracted in each fractionation step. However, air‐drying changed the distribution of water‐extractable P in size fractions; increase in the small‐sized P took place at the expense of large‐sized P. Air‐drying increased also small‐sized molybdate‐unreactive P (MUP) in the NaOH fraction giving evidence that drying‐induced alterations take place also in less labile P forms. The results revealed that air‐drying alters the extractability and distribution of P in various pools rather than the total amount of extracted P and that a large proportion of H₂O‐ and NaOH‐extractable large‐sized MUP may remain undetected if only filtered samples are analyzed.     

基于多分辨率分析的储粮害虫图像预处理研究

粮虫种类多、体形小且形态结构比较复杂,须借助于高分辨率的图像进行准确的细分。针对高分辨率的粮虫图像,提出基于多分辨率图像分析的粮虫图像预处理方法。本算法首先降低图像的分辨率,并对低分辨率的图像滤波,然后将恢复为原分辨率后的图像与原图像进行"与"运算,并进一步滤波。该法有效去除了对粮虫识别贡献率较小的腿和触角等部分,保留了对识别分类贡献率较大的头部和鞘翅等部分,且预处理后的目标边界比较平滑,同时使算法运行的效率提高了15.12倍,并通过实验进一步验证了该方法的可行性。