基于声发射技术的木材害虫信号特征检测

针对木材害虫声发射（AE）信号检测问题,研究杨树木段中麻点豹天牛幼虫AE信号波形特征及其信号的能量,为钻蛀害虫声音的监测提出一种新的方法。取一段具有麻点豹天牛幼虫的杨树木段,通过采样频率为500 kHz的2通道木材蠕变声发射信号采集系统采集原始AE信号。对采集到的原始信号滤波后进行小波分解,通过对各层高频信号的分析获取AE信号的频域特征,并对其进行重构与信号解析。结果表明,麻点豹天牛幼虫AE信号的主频主要集中在30 kHz附近,其信号的能量在16:00最高,反映了该幼虫在15:00-16:00较活跃。     

GVF Snake模型在木材表面缺陷分割的应用研究

针对木材表面存在纹理、凹凸结构、边缘颗粒和弱边缘等特点,对其直接运用Snake模型进行分割难以得到有效边缘提取,因此提出运用改进的GVF Snake模型和维纳滤波相结合对其进行分割。首先对木材图像进行维纳滤波使得纹理变得平缓,同时可以使得缺陷边缘得到有效保留,再对其进行GVF Snake模型分割。该算法对初始轮廓的选择敏感度降低,拓展性增强,可以使得轮廓曲线更加快速地收敛到缺陷边缘,避免陷入局部最优现象,提高对弱边缘和凹凸图像分割效果,分割结果更加清晰、连贯,具有良好的实时性。为木材表面缺陷的分割提供一种更为有效的方法,拓宽了snake模型的应用范围。     

VEGETATION植被指数数据预处理方法

VEGETATION数据的植被指数,受云雾影响,含有大量的噪声信号,使用之前必须进行去噪声处理.结合实例数据介绍了半中值滤波法、半均值滤波法、等间隔极大值法用于植被指数的去噪声处理,效果良好;该处理方法同样适用于NOAA和MODIS等数据的植被指数预处理.     

基于IMM UKF的冲量式测产系统研究

为适应精准农业的发展趋势,提高测产计量系统的精度,开发一套基于IMM UKF算法的冲量式测产系统。该系统由冲量传感器模块、北斗定位模块、DTU传输模块和上位机等组成。系统通过传感器模块进行信号的采集和处理,采用CAN通信方式将处理后的数据发送至上位机。上位机使用IMM UKF滤波算法对传感器上传的数据进行滤波,最终根据标定曲线得到谷物产量。通过车辆空载试验,采用IMM UKF算法与KF和UKF算法进行对比验证,结果表明IMM UKF算法的滤波效果更好,均方差为0.000 42 N。通过传感器标定试验,确定传感器的检测值与实际谷物重量的关系。通过大田测产试验,得出每个地块的产量分布图,试验结果表明该测产系统的平均误差达到3.911%。     

Taxonomic and functional macroinvertebrate diversity of high-altitude ponds in the Macun Cirque,Switzerland

1. Global environmental change is threatening freshwater biodiversity with ecological impacts predicted to be particularly severe in high-altitude regions. Despite this, an ecological understanding of high-altitude pond networks remains patchy, with only limited knowledge of the environmental and spatial predictors of taxonomic and functional diversity. Moreover, previous studies of pond ecosystems have focused primarily on taxonomic richness and largely overlooked functional diversity.
2. This study examined the influence of local environmental and spatial factors on taxonomic and functional α and β diversity (including the turnover and nestedness-resultant components) of 17 high-altitude (~2,500 m above sea level) pond macroinvertebrate communities, in the Macun Cirque, Switzerland.
3. Spatial processes (pond connectivity) were important drivers for taxonomic α diversity, while local environmental variables (pond permanence and surface area) were important determinants of functional α diversity. Species turnover was the most important component of β diversity for taxonomic composition, and functional composition demonstrated a nested spatial pattern.
4. Variation in taxonomic and functional composition (and the turnover and nestedness components of β diversity) were determined by local environmental variables despite the limited environmental gradients within the pond network. No significant effects of spatial variables on community composition were recorded for either facet of diversity, indicating that compositional variation was determined at a local scale. Water temperature, depth and pond permanence were consistently the most important measured drivers of diversity.
5. Given the importance of both spatial and environmental variables in structuring taxonomic and functional diversity, landscape-scale conservation and management activities that aim to improve or protect high-altitude freshwater biodiversity should focus on maintaining connectivity among ponds and environmental heterogeneity, particularly pond surface area, water depth, and hydroperiod. Understanding the mechanisms driving taxonomic and functional diversity will be critically important for the management and conservation of macroinvertebrate communities in high-altitude pond networks in the face of climatic warming.

     

方差补偿自适应卡尔曼滤波在GPS滑坡监测中的应用研究

卡尔曼滤波是目前处理滑坡监测数据的主要方法。针对传统卡尔曼滤波中动态噪声不准或不容易确定而导致滤波发散的现象,提出用动态噪声的方差阵补偿法对滤波中的方差-协方差误差进行修正,结合三峡实测数据处理,证明该方法能有效地克服滑坡监测数据处理中滤波模型发散的问题。     

Multi-scale optical flow estimation of the video based on gradient optimization

A new algorithm based on gradient optimization is proposed for optical flow estimation of video images with different motion ranges. The original video images are transformed by using Loggabor filtering on phases and measures,and then the spatio-temporal gradient is calculated by using the obtained feature images. The optical flow is calculated with the spatio-temporal gradient. The video images are layered and processed with coarse-to-fine image pyramid method. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the algorithm is suitable for the video optical flow motion estimation of the significant range. It can not only obtain the video images following the human visual resolution characteristics, but also optimize the spatio-temporal gradient, while the optical flow calculation is more accurate. Besides, the time complexity of this algorithm is equivalent to that of the traditional optical flow method, and the accuracy of the algorithm is superior to the methods suggested by Horn-Schunck, Duan,et al.     

暗纹东方Tun过滤水槽中硝化细菌对NH4^＋—N的转化效率

通过对暗纹东方Tun水槽中硝化细菌对NH4^ -N转化率的测定,定量了解了硝化细菌的硝化率。结果表明：过滤水槽的沙粒中硝化细菌数量平均比水中要高21倍,高出对照组10倍;沙粒的硝化率为水体的100倍;影响硝化细菌对NH4^-N转化的主要因素为温度、溶解氧和细菌数量。说明了过滤水槽的装置可以大大加强养鱼池的自净能力。     

成品油管道线路数据筛选软件

管道线路数据是成品油管道模拟软件必不可少的原始数据,而从管道相关部门得到的现场数据量非常大(常达104数量级),严重影响软件的运行速度。因此,软件使用人员在录入管道线路数据前,通常要对不影响计算精度的数据进行人工删除,通过筛选,达到降低处理数据量的目的。认为成品油管道线路数据筛选软件为用户提供了一个便捷的数据筛选工具,可帮助其从繁重的数据筛选工作中解脱出来。