边远山区县域农村信息化发展水平测度与评价——以毕节试验区为例

以毕节试验区为研究对象,选取最能反映边远山区农村信息化水平的信息资源、信息应用、信息产业和信息人才等指标,构建边远山区农村信息化评价指标体系,并基于熵权灰色关联法对毕节试验区8个县（市）进行了农村信息化水平测度和评价。结果表明,毕节试验区8个县（市）农村信息化水平从高到低的顺序是毕节市〉金沙县〉黔西县〉纳雍县〉大方县〉赫章县〉威宁县〉织金县,农村信息化水平最好的是毕节市,信息化水平最低的是织金县和威宁县。可以为决策者科学开展农村信息化建设提供了一定的依据。     

Age estimation of different tree species using a special kind of an electrically recording resistance drill

The determination of tree age is an important issue for urban green planning, forestry and dendrology; finding non-destructive and quasi-non-destructive methods for this purpose is of great theoretical and practical importance. The resistance drilling method is quasi-non-destructive because the average diameter of an opening that remains after drilling does not exceed 3 mm. Do electrically recording resistance drills allow precise assessment of tree age? The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of determining the number of tree rings based on an examination of this special kind of drilling resistance profiles for three tree species, the pine Pinus sylvestris L., the oak Quercus robur L., and the birch Betula pendula ROTH. In 2015 and 2016, 15 pine trees, 15 oak trees, and 15 birch trees were randomly selected. For each studied tree, a measurement was conducted using the electrically recording resistance drill IML-Resi E400 with a flat-tipped 1.5/3 mm steel needle (research sample), and an increment core was taken (reference sample). The drill used was not a real Resistograph^®. The analysis of the E400-profiles underestimated the number of tree rings; the mean bias error (MBE) values were –6.5, –2.5, and –6.0 years for pine, oak, and birch, respectively. The proportion of investigated trees with less than five years difference between the research and reference samples varied from 38.4 (birch) to 66.7 (oak) percent. The accuracy of tree age determination was lowest for birch and highest for oak. The binomial generalised linear model (GLM) revealed that the most accurate tree age assessments were obtained from tree rings wider than 2 mm. The measurements clearly showed that the electrically recording resistance drill IML-Resi E400 enables a quick, although approximate, tree age assessment. Future research should concentrate on electronically regulating and recording drills, providing a higher spatial and signal resolution, and a stronger correlation to wood density.     

镇杭成品油管道顺序输送混油的切割与处理

介绍了镇杭（镇海炼化－杭州康桥）成品油管道工程基本概况，详细分析了成品油管道顺序输送过程中的混油切割与处理，为进一步提高管输效益，对混油进行了掺兑调和处理，并针对该管道混油切割及掺兑调和处理实际运行中存在的问题，提出了相应的解决措施。     

不同优化处理对凤凰水蜜桃保鲜效果的对比研究

以江苏省张家港市凤凰镇的凤凰水蜜桃(Prunus persica)为试验材料,对比研究了姜(Zingiber officincde Roscoe)汁、冷激和罗伦隐球酵母(Cryptococcus laurentii)发酵液3种处理对桃果实保鲜效果的影响。试验采取直接浸果的方式,浸果时间和浸果液浓度由前两年的保鲜试验确定。果实处理后装入保鲜袋置于常温条件下(25℃),放置5d后测量其失重率等8种生理指标。通过多年多指标的综合比较表明:经过不同处理后的水蜜桃各种指标都优于对照组,说明以上3种处理方法均起到了保鲜的作用;罗伦隐球酵母发酵液浸果处理在降低细胞膜透性、MDA含量和抑制PPO活性方面均优于其他处理,姜汁浸果处理在保持果实质量、抑制腐烂指数和呼吸强度方面较优,冷激处理效果相对较差,但仍具有一定保鲜效果。综合考虑,罗伦隐球酵母菌液浸果处理由于其操作复杂性,更适宜工厂化推广使用;姜汁浸果处理操作方便、原料易得,适宜在无大规模工厂化生产条件的广大果农中推广使用。     

PCR仪法从林麝毛发中提取基因组DNA

采用PCR仪法从林麝(Moschus berezovskii)毛发中提取基因组DNA,并与酚/氯仿法进行比较.结果表明,采用PCR仪法提取所得的DNA浓度高、纯度好.以提取所得的DNA为模板扩增林麝雄性激素受体基因外显子1,获得的PCR产物务带清晰、位置正确.PCR仅法与酚/氯仿法相比操作简单,提取所得的DNA质量较高,值得推广.     

小麦cDNA文库构建方法的改进及优化

基于SMART法,优化cDNA文库构建方法。将常规SMART法中的限制性内切酶SfiI替换成BsaI,在引物两侧分别加入BsaI-XhoI和BsaI-BamHI酶切位点,仅使用BsaI单酶切即可获得两不同的粘性末端,可用于连接任意载体。应用此方法构建了小麦cDNA文库,获得2.7×104个独立克隆,文库平均长度500bp。     

金银花中绿原酸提取方法的研究进展

金银花为忍冬属植物忍冬干燥花蕾,包含挥发油、黄酮类、绿原酸类等多种有效成分,其中绿原酸具有抗菌消炎、降血脂、升高白细胞等作用,目前常以绿原酸的含量评价金银花的质量.该文综述了金银花中绿原酸的提取方法,为今后深入的研究提供参考.     

抑芽剂不同施用方法对烤烟中性致香物质含量的影响

以烤烟品种红花大金元为供试材料,研究了抑芽剂不同施用方法对烤烟中性致香物质含量的影响。结果表明:经过抑芽处理后的烟叶中性致香物质含量明显高于对照(CK1);化学抑芽较手工抑芽对烟叶中性致香物质含量的影响更明显,各处理烟叶中类胡萝卜素类、苯丙氨酸类、类西柏烷类、美拉德反应产物类、新植二烯等致香物质含量均高于对照(CK2),其中T4处理(涂抹,两次施药)中性致香物质含量最高。     

不同分离方法对大米淀粉理化性质的影响

[目的]确立既不破坏大米淀粉天然结构与性质,又能有效分离制备大米淀粉的方法与工艺。[方法]研究并比较了碱法、表面活性剂法和酶法3种不同的制备大米淀粉的方法分离大米淀粉与蛋白的效果,以及对大米淀粉各项物理化学性质的影响。[结果]3种制备方法除蛋白的能力相近,但酶法制备的大米淀粉,其颗粒的破损率最小;DSC测量的热力学参数显示,不同方法制备的淀粉其糊化热力学特性没有明显的差异;粒径分布图显示,酶法制备的大米淀粉具有最小的颗粒粒径。[结论]综合各项物理指标,得出酶法制备大米淀粉的方法相对于碱法和表面活性剂法有较高的优越性,能较好地保持大米淀粉的天然特性。     

淹水条件下的氨挥发研究

在日本“国际农林水产研究中心”实验室用密闭室法测定了淹水条件下不同通气速率、不同温度和尿素施用方法的氨挥发。结果表明,在一定范围内,随着温度和通气速率的提高,氨挥发速率加快,氨挥发量增加;氨挥发高峰一般在施肥后5~8d,施肥18d后基本上检测不出挥发氨;尿素深施混匀有利于降低氨挥发损失,与CaCO3混施因使土壤pH升高而显著增加氨挥发损失,不同施肥处理氨挥发损失积累量占施氮量的26.4%~57.3%,氨挥发是淹水条件下尿素氮损失的主要途径。