Which source and level of dietary sodium is appropriate for broiler chickens reared in a high‐altitude area?

This study investigated effect of increasing level of dietary sodium using sodium bicarbonate or sodium chloride on growth performance, mortality, characteristics of carcass, organs and tibia, calcium and phosphorus of serum in broilers reared in a high‐altitude area (1,700 m above sea level). A total of 588 Ross 308 male broiler chicks were used in seven treatments, six replicates per treatment of 14 birds per each from 1 to 38 d of age. Seven dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet (with 0.16% sodium and 0.23% chloride), top‐dressed for six diets to give three supplementary levels of sodium (0.07%, 0.14% and 0.21%) from sodium bicarbonate (respectively by 0.26%, 0.52% and 0.78%) or sodium chloride (respectively by 0.18%, 0.36% and 0.54%), resulting in seven diets with total sodium and chloride levels of 0.16% and 0.23%, 0.23% and 0.23%, 0.30% and 0.23%, 0.37% and 0.23%, 0.23% and 0.33%, 0.30% and 0.44%, 0.37% and 0.55% respectively. Increasing sodium level improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) linearly and quadratically. However, when FCR was calculated without adjusting for feed intake of mortalities, the enhanced sodium level did not improve this parameter. Increasing sodium level via sodium chloride enhanced ascites mortality, total mortality, relative weight of heart and right ventricle linearly. Increasing sodium level reduced serum calcium and enhanced serum phosphorus linearly; however, there was a linear tendency to increase tibia ash when sodium level was enhanced by sodium bicarbonate (p = 0.08) or sodium chloride (p = 0.07). Increasing sodium level via sodium bicarbonate tended (p = 0.08) to reduce tibia strength linearly. In conclusion, a diet with 0.16% sodium and 0.23% chloride is enough for broiler chicken reared in a high‐altitude area, and increasing dietary sodium level via sodium chloride has detrimental effect on survivability of broiler in such condition.     

诊断桑树黄化型萎缩病的新方法

本文探讨利用瑞氏染色法和旦尼氏染色法诊断桑树黄化型萎缩病的可能性。试验结果表明,用此方法,在病株枝条或主根的横切面上,韧皮部的病原寄生部位被染成兰色或青色,呈阳性反应,健株组织切片的韧皮部则不着色,呈阴性反应。可作为桑黄化型萎缩病病株的实验诊断手段。     

奶牛乳腺炎诊断方法研究进展

奶牛乳腺炎的诊断方法有很多,临床乳腺炎可根据临床症状进行诊断,用于隐性乳腺炎的诊断方法有乳汁细胞学检查、乳汁的细菌培养、电导率测定、pH值的检查、乳清电泳诊断法、酶检测法、PCR检测方法、被毛微量元素检验法以及其它衍生方法.本文对奶牛乳房炎诊断研究进展作了系统的介绍.     

岷山红三叶总异黄酮提取方法的研究

为选择提取岷山红三叶中总异黄酮的最佳方法,本文研究了用回流法、冷浸法和索式提取法提取岷山红三叶中总异黄酮的效果.通过紫外分光光度法测定提取液中的总黄酮含量,结果表明:回流提取法提取效果优于冷浸法和索式提取法.具有安全、简便和提取率高的优点.     

隐性乳房炎试验(CMT)及防治方案

[目的]为找出陕西地区奶牛隐型乳房炎的临界点。[方法]采用生产上常用的乳房炎诊断方法,通过间接测定乳中体细胞数来诊断乳房炎的发生。[结果]找出体细胞数在47.46万以上时才依次表现出弱阳性、阳性、强阳性的特征。[结论]从而依据以上结果制定出两种方案用于预防和治疗乳房炎的发生。     

草地生态系统服务功能及其价值评估方法研究

草地不仅是畜牧业的生产基地,而且是生态安全屏障保护和牧民生活与草原文化传承的基础,具有生态、生产和生活功能。然而,草地日益退化导致的生态经济问题越来越突出,评价草地生态系统服务功能的经济价值,对于制定合理的草地保护与经济开发决策具有重要意义。目前国内外广泛采用的Costanza等提出的生态系统服务价值评估方法没能充分体现出草地生态系统本质特征。因此,本研究以草地生态系统的“三生功能”为基础,综合考虑草地的地域和空间的异质性以及区域经济发展水平的差异性,选择水源涵养、侵蚀控制、废物处理、滞留沙尘、生物多样性保护、养分循环、固定CO₂、释放O₂、消减SO₂、畜牧生产、文化传承和休闲旅游12项贡献率较高的功能指标,应用生态经济学原理,建立了适宜于草地生态系统服务功能经济价值的评价体系和方法,并以藏北高寒草地为例,对该方法进行了评估验证。     

雷公山雉类猎捕状况调查报告

本文对雷公山地区的２５个村寨、６９位猎人自１９８９～１９９３年４年来的雉类猎捕状况作了调查统计，面积４７３ｋｍ２。结果表明：４年来雉类猎捕方法有８种，猎捕量计７３２只，年平均１８３只，平均狩猎强度为３．９５只／（人·ａ），均逐年下降，这对该地区雉类资源的现状和今后的保护提供了依据。     

Surgery: Comparison of three closure methods and two absorbable suture materials for closure of jejunal enterotomy incisions in healthy dogs

Summary

The macroscopic and histological appearance of jejunal antimesenteric incisions approximated with two different absorbable suture materials (monofilament versus multifilament) and three closure techniques (appositional single layer, crushing single layer, and double layer) were compared in healthy dogs at 14 or 28 days, postoperatively. No significant differences between the two suture materials were observed for most of the macroscopic or histological variables. However, the monofilament suture material caused significantly more fibrous tissue reaction in the muscular layer of the jejunum than did the multifilament suture material. Of the three enterotomy closure techniques used in this study, the appositional single‐layer method proved to be the best. The double‐layer closure method caused a significant decrease in the incisional circumference, the relative circumference, and volume of the jejunum, and a significant increase in jejunal wall thickness. Our findings suggest that canine jejunal enterotomy incisions can be closed using an appositional suture pattern with relatively rapidly absorbable monofilament suture material. The use of double‐layer suture patterns for closure of jejunal enterotomy incisions should be avoided because the size of the intestinal lumen may be reduced.     

硫酸卡那霉素注射液含量测定的不确定度分析

为研究微生物检定法(管碟法)测定硫酸卡那霉素注射液生物效价试验中各因素对结果的影响,采用不确定度分析,将影响因素归纳为称量、稀释、加样、测定、平行试验,量化各不确定度分量,评估各因素的影响因子。结果表明,牛津杯加样体积对测定结果影响最大,提示试验中应尽可能精确控制加样体积。