秋海棠新品种‘灿绿’和‘银娇’

‘灿绿’秋海棠,以‘白王’秋海棠为母本,‘光灿’秋海棠为父本杂交后从F1代群体中选育而成。‘银娇’秋海棠,以厚叶秋海棠为母本,‘白王’秋海棠为父本杂交,从F2代群体中选育而成。两个品种均叶片色彩鲜艳,株形好,适宜室内观叶观花。     

湖北海棠提取液对三峡紫皮大蒜生产的影响

[目的]研究不同浓度湖北海棠提取液对三峡紫皮大蒜出苗率和产量的影响。[方法]用1%、2%和5%浓度的湖北海棠提取液浸泡三峡紫皮蒜种24h后播种,在20和35d统计出苗率,收获时计算产量。[结果]5%浓度湖北海棠提取液浸泡蒜种后,能提高出苗率23.29%,提高光合速率,增产32.49%。[结论]湖北海棠提取液能够杀灭大蒜中的病毒,促进出苗和提高产量,适宜在生产上应用。     

ipt基因转化四季海棠及其抗旱性研究

四季海棠(Begonia semperflorens)的很多栽培品种广泛用于城市绿化,其性状稳定、整齐,观赏效果好,但该植物对水分需求较大。试验对四季海棠再生体系的建立、农杆菌介导的ipt基因转化等进行了研究,获得了抗旱性能提高的转基因植株。通过对所得植株进行PCR以及Southern印迹法检测,证实外源基因ipt已整合到受体基因组DNA。同时,应用ELISA方法检测到转基因植株体内细胞分裂素浓度有明显变化。大田栽培发现,同等情况下转基因植株的耐旱性明显优于对照组非转基因植株。     

丽格海棠的组织培养快繁研究

研究了丽格海棠(Rieger Begonia)组织培养快速繁殖过程中的四个主要阶段,即:不定芽诱导、丛芽增殖、生根诱导及移栽阶段,摸索出了各个阶段的较适生长条件,为丽格海棠的组织培养快速繁殖提供了科学依据.     

球根秋海棠金正日离体再生影响因素研究

为了建立球根秋海棠组培快繁体系，以球根秋海棠（BegoniatuberhybridaVoss）品种金正日的叶为外植体，研究了培养中各因素对叶基部的影响。结果表明：不同叶片部位外植体的诱导和分化能力不同，叶基部愈伤组织诱导和分化能力最强，诱导率和分化率分别为85．7％和85．4％；暗培养和接种前4℃低温预处理降低了外植体的诱导率和分化率，在金正日花离体培养中不宜采用；叶基部最适宜的诱导和分化培养基为MS＋2，4-D1．0mg·L-1＋BA2．0mg·L-1＋NAA0．5mg·L-1。     

Inter-sectional hybrids obtained from reciprocal crosses between Begonia semperflorens (section Begonia) and B. ‘Orange Rubra’ (section Gaerdita × section Pritzelia)

Inter-sectional hybrids were successfully obtained by the reciprocal crosses between 11 cultivars (including 6 diploids and 5 tetraploids) of Begonia semperflorens (SS & SSSS genomes) and B. ‘Orange Rubra’ (RR genome) with the aid of in vitro culture of mature or immature seeds on MS medium containing 0.1 mg l⁻¹ α-naphthylacetic acid, 0.1 mg l⁻¹ 6-benzyladenine, 10 mg l⁻¹ gibberellic acid, 30 g l⁻¹ sucrose and 2.5 g l⁻¹ gellan gum. Embryo rescue as ovary culture with immature seeds 12^th–16^th day after pollination (DAP) generally gave higher efficiency of plantlet formation, but in some cross combinations, culture of mature seeds (30 DAP) resulted in higher yield of plantlets. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that they were consisted of the plants with various genomic combinations (RS, RR, RSS, RRS, RRSS and RRRRSS) as estimated by the DNA contents of both parents. Hybridity of these plants with various genomic combinations including RR was confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. These results suggested that unreduced gamete formation and spontaneous chromosome doubling were involved in the hybrid formation of various ploidy levels and genomic combinations. These hybrids showed various levels of intermediate traits between both parents according to the genomic compositions, and some of them had desirable characters of both parents.     

The use of an in vitro adventitious bud technique for mutation breeding of Begonia x hiëmalis

Summary An in vitro propagation of two genotypes of Begonia x hiëmalis was achieved through adventitious shoot formation on (sub)cultured leaf-disc explants and subsequent transplantation to soil of explant-parts with adventitious shoots.After irradiation of detached leaves with different doses of X-rays and two cycles of adventitious shoot formation on in vitro (sub)cultured leaf-disc explants, plantlets were produced. About 30% of these plants was mutated with respect to e.g. the colour, size and form of the leaves and flowers. The great majority of the mutants (98.5%) proved to be solid (non-chimeric).     

蟆叶秋海棠“光灿”组织培养技术研究

以蟆叶秋海棠"光灿"的叶片、叶柄作为外植体材料进行组织培养,通过控制培养基组分、光照条件、培养时间等对其最佳组培条件进行探讨。结果表明,生长较为成熟的叶片为最佳外植体,最佳不定芽诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L,最佳增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L,最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L。初代培养的光照强度以1200 lx为最佳,继代与生根培养的光照强度以1500 lx为最佳。诱导初期适当的暗培养有助于促进后期芽点的分化。     

球根海棠优化组培技术研究

球根海棠快速繁殖试验结果表明 :芽最佳分化增殖培养基是MS +NAA 1mg/L +BA 8mg/L ,最佳生根培养基为 1/ 2MS +NAA 1mg/L ;外殖体以叶片和茎段较好。     

紫背天葵色素的稳定性及其提取工艺优化

以提高紫背天葵色素提取率为目的,分别以甲醇、乙醇、甲醇与乙醇体积分数各为50%的混合溶剂及蒸馏水作为提取剂进行提取对比试验,分析了紫背天葵色素提取液的稳定性。采用均匀设计,探讨了乙醇浓度、提取温度和提取时间对紫背天葵色素提取率的影响。结果表明:紫背天葵色素溶于甲醇、乙醇、甲醇与乙醇混合溶剂及蒸馏水中,乙醇提取剂对紫背天葵色素的溶解度最大,吸光值最高,提取效果最好;紫背天葵色素提取液随pH的变化而变化,pH≤4.1条件下基本保持鲜艳的紫红色,pH>4.1时色素消退;紫背天葵色素提取液不宜采用含铁锌离子的容器盛装,应置低温或室温避光环境中贮放,加热或高温时易氧化褪色。此外,还对紫背天葵色素乙醇提取的工艺参数进行了优化。