球孢白僵菌对二斑叶螨的致病性和对天敌智利小植绥螨的间接影响

二斑叶螨是世界性害螨,为害多种经济作物和蔬菜.为明确球孢白僵菌和捕食螨联合应用防控二斑叶螨的可行性,本文测定了不同浓度球孢白僵菌GZGY-1-3孢子悬浮液对二斑叶螨的致病力,并用喷施球孢白僵菌16h、24h、36h和48h后的二斑叶螨分别饲喂智利小植绥螨,测定智利小植绥螨连续两代的致死率、生长发育及繁殖力变化.结果表明...     

家蚕病原白僵菌原生质体分离条件的研究

调查研究了家蚕病原白僵菌（Beauveriabassiana）原生质体的分离制备条件。以6mg／mLDriselase液为酶解液，以0.7mol／LNaCl液（pH5．8）为渗透压稳定剂，在30℃下轻轻振荡处理1．5h，能从家蚕病原白但菌嫩菌丝中分离出2～4×107个／mL原生质体，这是家蚕病原白鹰菌原生质体的最适分离条件。     

球孢白僵菌BB-T02生物学特性及对两种检疫性粉蚧的侵染活性

南洋臀纹粉蚧和石蒜绵粉蚧是近年我国新记录的两种检疫性有害生物,目前分别在福建省的番荔枝果园和多肉植物种植基地发生为害严重。为明确球孢白僵菌BB-T02对这2种检疫性粉蚧的生防潜力,本研究在该菌株生物学特性的基础上,测定该菌株对两种检疫性粉蚧的致病力和胞外酶活性。结果表明,球孢白僵菌BB-T02培养最适的温度为28℃、光周期8L:16D、碳源为麦芽糖、氮源为蛋白胨,在此条件下培养10 d菌落直径和产孢量分别可达5.60 cm和4.22×10⁸孢子/cm²。菌株BB-T02侵染南洋臀纹粉蚧和石蒜绵粉蚧10 d后的LC₅₀分别为5.00×10⁵孢子/mL和2.17×10⁵孢子/mL,1.00×10⁸孢子/mL处理的累计致死率分别为85.39%和88.76%、LT₅₀分别为5.78 d和5.19 d。菌株BB-T02蛋白酶活性的变化幅度较大,在第5 d达峰值22.68 U/mL;几丁质酶和脂肪酶活性的变化幅度相对平稳,均在第6 d分别达到峰值13.19 U/mL和9.77 U/mL。综上,球孢白僵菌BB-T02生长速度快、产孢量高,对南洋臀纹粉蚧和石蒜绵粉蚧的侵染活性强,可用于这两种检疫性粉蚧的生物防治。     

白僵菌孢悬液添加增效剂对松墨天牛幼虫的致死作用

将球孢白僵菌孢悬液分别与海藻糖、葡萄糖、L-丙氨酸和FeSO44种增效剂混合,各自配成4种不同浓度的增效剂白僵菌孢悬液,接种于松墨天牛幼虫体表.结果表明,4种增效剂在白僵菌防治松墨天牛幼虫的过程中都起到一定的增效作用,添加海藻糖可使天牛幼虫的致死率平均提高18.05%,葡萄糖平均提高8.75%.第11天时,4种浓度海藻糖使天牛幼虫的致死率分别提高23.1%、76.9%、15.4%、53.8%;葡萄糖分别提高30.8%、0.0%、53.8%、7.7%;L-丙氨酸分别提高38.5%、23.1%、23.1%、-7.7%;FeSO4分别提高14.04%、36.39%、16.71%、20.67%.     

Managing Strawberry Pests with Chemical Pesticides and Non-Chemical Alternatives

ABSTRACT

Western tarnished bug or lygus bug (Lygus hesperus) is a major pest of California strawberries causing significant yield reduction. Other common insect pests include aphids (Chaetosiphon fragaefolii and Myzus persicae), greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), and western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). Growers mainly depend on chemical pesticides for managing these pests. Limited control with some of the available chemical pesticides and the risk of resistance development due to their repeated use warrant a strong integrated pest management program where multiple tools can be utilized. Field studies conducted in commercial strawberry fields from 2012–14 in Santa Maria with an emphasis on managing L. hesperus demonstrated the potential of botanical and microbial pesticides. Replacing one or more applications of chemical pesticides with botanical and microbial alternatives and using them in different combinations can make a significant contribution to a sustainable management strategy.     

白僵菌混合粉剂配方的正交设计及灰关联评价

该文采用正交设计和灰色关联评价相结合的方式,进行了白僵菌混合粉剂的配方筛选。通过对所得配方的物理指标(细度、坡度角、假密度)及生物学指标(毒力、贮藏活率)进行多指标综合评价,得到TL9为最佳配方,其组成为:25%滑石粉、20%紫外保护剂OF、4%增效剂及51%白僵菌孢子粉。     

3种生物防治技术对夏玉米害虫的防治效果

在夏玉米田,研究了撒施白僵菌、田间释放赤眼蜂和田间释放中红侧沟茧蜂3种生物防治技术对夏玉米主要害虫的防治效果。结果表明：田间释放赤眼蜂45万头/hm2防治玉米螟效果较好,田间释放中红侧沟茧蜂7 500头/hm2对棉铃虫有一定防效,而在玉米心叶期撒施白僵菌900 g/hm2对玉米螟和棉铃虫防效不明显。生产上采用田间释放赤眼蜂和中红侧沟茧蜂控制夏玉米虫害,具有方法简便、无农药残留、对害虫持续控制效果好等优点,可以在夏玉米田大面积推广。     

我国白僵菌市场分析及对策

从我国白僵菌的产量、质量和价格3个方面进行了分析, 对国内潜在市场进行了预测, 针对当前白僵菌生产和应用中存在的问题, 提出强化政府引导、加强政策引导、规范市场引导和加强科技先导等4项对策。     

Effectiveness of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. for control of the stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) in maize in Kenya

The fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and insecticide trichlorfon were compared for the control of stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) in field experiments at different times of infestation. Egg masses of C. partellus at the blackhead stage were pinned to the undersurface of the maize leaves. Two fungal formulations, conidial aqueous suspensions and a granular formulation, were applied. Compared with the untreated checks, the numbers of surviving C. partellus larvae were significantly reduced in treatments where B. bassiana was applied at a concentration of 10¹³ conidia ha⁻¹ as granules and as two aqueous spray formulations. No significant difference in numbers of stem borer larvae was found between trichlorfon and the untreated check. Fungus granules persisted longer in the field than did one spray of the fungus inoculum at the same concentration, or trichlorfon. A major increase in grain yield was obtained with two fungal sprays and with fungus granules both applied at a concentration of 10¹³ conidia ha⁻¹. A granular formulation of B. bassiana should be considered for the control of the stem borer C. partellus.     

木麻黄皮暗斑螟的发生与综合防治技术研究

在１９８９－１９９３年，对沿海防护林木麻新害虫皮暗斑螟（Ｅｕｏｐｈｅｒａ ｂａｔａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＣａｒａｄｊａ）的发生及综合防治技术进行了试验研究。根据５１个不同的木麻黄地理种源的虫害率及生长情况，应用ＩＢＭ－ＰＣ计算机进行数据分析，发现Ｃ３５、Ｃ３９、Ｃ４４种源属绝抗类。自然界有拟小腹茧蜂、蚂蚁等１０余种天敌。皮暗斑螟幼虫多寄居在树干的２ｍ以下部位，郁闭度０．３、林龄２年以下林木虫害发生轻。通过