苦瓜劈接嫁接夹固定嫁接技术

苦瓜是我国主要蔬菜经济作物之一,采用优良砧木进行劈接嫁接夹固定法嫁接,是实现高产优质的重要途径。该文就苦瓜砧木和接穗的选择、育苗、嫁接和嫁接后的管理进行了介绍,以为苦瓜嫁接育苗提供参考。     

高温胁迫下菊花嫁接苗中保护酶活性的变化

【目的】探讨嫁接对菊花耐热性的影响机理及对菊花不同器官耐热性的影响。【方法】比较40℃高温胁迫下菊花嫁接苗和不同生育期扦插苗的叶片、根系和茎段中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化与差异。【结果】菊花嫁接苗根茎叶中3种保护酶活性均显著高于扦插苗。与扦插苗相比,嫁接苗叶片、根系和茎段中SOD、POD和CAT活性分别平均提高11.6%,378.0%,260.1%;125.5%,131.3%,203.1%;90.1%,98.0%,90.5%。嫁接苗叶片中以SOD活性最大,均值达375U/g;根系中以POD活性最大,均值达605.87U/g;茎段中3种保护酶活性差异较小,以POD活性略高。【结论】嫁接是提高菊花耐热能力的一项有效措施,嫁接苗根茎叶的耐热性差别显著。     

枣树桥接技术

针对枣树特点，通过激素处理、接口保湿、分步放风、冬季保护等措施，丰富和发展了桥接技术，接穗成活率达到９８％以上。该技术同样适用于人为砍伤或牲畜啃坏的枣树。     

大规格西洋杜鹃嫁接快繁技术

从砧木的采集、处理,接穗选择,嫁接及嫁接后管理等技术,对大规格西洋杜鹃嫁接育苗技术进行总结。     

Bark beetle community structure under four ponderosa pine forest stand conditions in northern Arizona

We studied the bark beetle guild (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the ponderosa pine forests of northern Arizona to explore if the species assemblages and relative abundance differ between managed and unmanaged stands. Four stand conditions were assessed: (1) unmanaged stands with high tree density, (2) thinned stands, (3) thinned and burned (with prescribed fire) stands and (4) stands that had been burned by stand replacing wildfires. The study was conducted in the ponderosa pine forests of the Coconino Plateau, northern Arizona. For several decades this area has been relatively free of bark beetle outbreaks despite the current overstocked condition of many stands. We found that a similar species assemblage composed of Dendroctonus frontalis, D. brevicomis, D. valens, D. approximatus, D. ponderosae, and Ips pini occurred across all four stand conditions over 3 years of study. The population levels of all these species were endemic across all stand conditions. The non-aggressive D. approximatus and D. valens were indicator species for thinned and unmanaged stands, respectively, but this was not consistent among years. The ambrosia beetle Gnathotrichus sp. and the bark beetle predator Enoclerus sp. consistently indicated stands burned by wildfire. In addition to our field experiment, we analyzed the historical pattern of attacks of bark beetles in our area of study. Our findings suggest that the pattern of attack of D. brevicomis (the only Dendroctonus species for which attacks have been reported) and Ips spp. has been through scattered small infestations in groups of 1–10 trees. Whereas small infestations by Ips spp. are increasing, those for D. brevicomis are decreasing. Although we agree that the high density stands in northern Arizona are in an “unhealthy” condition, our results do not show that they were supporting large bark beetle outbreaks. Our results challenge the theoretical assumptions about the relationship between stand structure, tree resistance and bark beetle performance.     

三倍体毛白杨不同砧木嫁接试验

为探索不同砧木亲合力对三倍体毛白杨一条鞭芽接成活率的影响 ,试验分别采用赤峰杨、少先队杨、群众杨作砧木进行了一条鞭芽接试验。结果表明 ,在上述砧木上进行芽接 ,其亲合力对成活率影响差异不显著     

Characterization of graft-induced change in capsaicin content of Capsicum annuum L.

Summary Capsaicin contents were measured in the progenies from the test crosses between the strain, G₅S₁₇ derived from fruit with the graft-induced change in fruit shape and the original two cultivars, Yatsubusa (Capsicum annuum L. var fasciculatum Ilish) and Spanish Paprika (C. annuum L. var. grossum Sendt) used for grafting.The strain, G₅S₁₇ contained a lower amount of capsaicin than the original pungent cultivar Yatsubusa used as scion. The characteristic of the lowered capsaicin content in the strain has been stably inherited through seed propagation, and has also been transmitted to the progenies from the crosses with the original two cultivars used for scion or stock. These features in the capsaicin content agreed with those in fruit shape in the graft-induced change.     

Interspecific hybridization between Cicer arietinum and C. pinnatifidum

An interspecific hybrid between Cicer arietinum cv. GL 769 and a wild species C. pinnatifidum was obtained after emasculation, pollination and application of growth regulators. Ovules were cultured and embryos were later dissected to obtain hybrid plants. These plants were albinos and morphologically resembled C. pinnatifidum. Shrivelled seeds were also obtained in 2% of the crosses, which on germination gave rise to albino plants. These plants did not survive beyond 20 days. The hybrid nature of these plants was confirmed by esterase isozyme studies. Hybrid shoots obtained from germinating embryos were cultured on modified ML-6 medium with BAP 2 mg/1, IAA 0.5 mg/1, where they turned green after 3–4 weeks. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies on leaf sections from green hybrid shoots showed an improvement in the chloroplast structure, with better organized grana.     

哈密瓜嫁接栽培的防病增产效果研究

以黑籽南瓜为砧木，哈密甜瓜为接穗，采用不同的嫁接方法和育苗方法，研究了嫁接对哈密甜瓜幼苗和植株生物学特性及对枯萎病抗性、产量、品质的影响。结果表明，4种嫁接方法都有较强的亲和性，在无土育苗条件下，嫁接苗成活率均在95%以上，田间防效达到95.4%以上，无土育苗嫁接比有土育苗嫁接效果好。嫁接哈密瓜比自根哈密瓜增产75.9%-112.3%，增产效果主要表现在后期产量上。     

油茶芽接与扦插育苗比较

为降低油茶育苗成本,提高经济效益,对油茶芽接和扦插育苗进行了试验比较。结果表明:油茶扦插成活率高于芽接30%~50%;每公顷出苗量高于芽接1倍多;苗木良种纯度高,但生长量滞后芽接0.5~1年;每公顷成本投入低于芽接15.75%;收入高于芽接2.36倍;扦插育苗经济效益显著,市场竞争力强。