浅谈贵州省世行贷款贫困地区林业发展项目建设

世行货款“贫困地区林业发展项目”是世界银行支持我国中西部地区经济发展的又一个贷款项目。通过对贵州省15个项目县（市）的调查研究，总结分析项目实施中的经验和存在的问题，提出对策建议，供我国中西部12个省（区）在开展贫困地区林业发展项目建设中参考。     

Influences of mean advection and simple behavior on the distribution of cod and haddock early life stages on Georges Bank

Results of a modeling study designed to explore the influences of physical advection and certain biological mechanisms on the distribution of cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melarwgrammus aeglefinus) early life stages on Georges Bank are described. Using a late-winter/early-spring 3-D circulation field driven by the M₂ tidal current, mean wind stress and Scotian Shelf inflow, we examine the distribution of cod and haddock larvae spawned on the Northeast Peak of the Bank. The sensitivity to a March-April baroclinic field is also explored. Results indicate that larvae remaining in the surface Ekman layer are generally advected off-bank. However, downwelling associated with Ekman layer convergence near the shelf break provides a mechanism for larvae to exit from the off-bank surface drift. Larvae below the surface layer are transported south-westward along the southern flank of Georges Bank and are retained on the Bank if their position immediately upstream of the Great South Channel is shoalward of (roughly) the 70 m isobath. Within the Great South Channel region and between the 50 and 70 m isobaths, retention can depend on the phase of the tide. Spawning shoalward of the 50 m isobath on the Northeast Peak greatly increases the chances of retention. These results apply to passive larvae and to those with specified vertical distributions and migration based on observations. Directional on-bank swimming at rates of 0.5 to 1 body length per second would substantially enhance shoalward displacement, resulting in larval distributions during the first 2 months that are consistent with field observations.     

违规惩戒与企业信贷资源——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

以因违规被处罚的上市公司为样本,考察处罚决定是否会影响企业的银行贷款。研究发现:在处罚公告后,违规企业的年度新增银行贷款额会比公告前年度降低;处罚决定越严厉,被处罚企业的年度新增银行贷款额下降越多。此外,处罚决定越严厉,被处罚企业的年度新增银行贷款额下降越多这一现象主要存在于市场化程度较高的地区,而在市场化程度较低地区并不明显。最后这一现象更多存在于民营企业而非国有企业中。     

定西市安定区水土流失特点与治理效益分析

水土流失是定西地区生态环境恶化的主要原因,也是社会经济发展的主要限制性因素之一。通过对定西市安定区水土流失特点、水土保持路径变迁及其效益分析,基于区域可持续、协调发展的理念下,提出了干旱贫困区水土流失治理思考,以期为干旱区水土保持研究提供理论依据。     

Preferred nesting sites of bumblebee queens (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in agroecosystems in the UK

Bumblebees (Bombus spp.) have undergone a documented Europe-wide decline in recent years, mostly attributable to destruction of forage and nest sites caused by agricultural intensification. This study was set up to quantify species-specific nest-site preferences of observed UK species for various types of field and forest boundary habitat. In total, 1287 observations were made of seven common bumblebee species; nest-searching behaviour was taken as being indicative of nest site preference. There was interspecific variation in preferred habitat, with some species found to be much more specific in their choice of nest site than others. A strong association was found between those species that are known to prefer subterraneous nesting and those habitats that contained banks (Bombus terrestris, B. lapidarius and B. lucorum); other species were strongly associated with tussock-type vegetation (B. pascuorum, B. hortorum and B. ruderarius). In order to safeguard the continued existence of bumblebee species it is clear that a variety of field and forest boundary types need to be conserved; this has positive implications for the conservation of other species of flora and fauna associated with agroecosystems.     

金融支持对战略性新兴产业发展的影响——基于中国上市公司的实证分析

基于柯布-道格拉斯生产函数的理论分析,建立面板数据模型并采用上市公司财务数据,实证分析了金融支持对中国战略性新兴产业发展的影响作用。结果表明：以资本市场为主导的直接金融体系相对于以银行信贷为主导的间接金融体系的正向支持作用更为稳健;固定资产净额和无形资产净额对战略性新兴产业发展的不同方面呈现出不同的影响作用;劳动投入水平对战略性新兴产业发展产生显著的正效应。     

商业银行亲周期性与宏观经济波动:一个基于信用风险评估模型的解释

信用风险评估模型从诞生到现在经历了一个长期的变化过程,并且结构日益纷繁复杂,但这些信用风险评估模型在产生机理、评估的时间跨度以及对宏观经济周期波动的处理等方面都存在缺点。并且这些缺点导致商业银行亲周期性的重要原因,而银行的亲周期性又会加剧宏观经济的周期性波动,威胁金融体系的稳定。因此,中国在引进国外信用风险评估模型的时候,必须考虑其对商业银行亲周期性的影响,以保持经济金融的稳定发展。     

湖州市农业气象服务及灾害预警系统开发

目前湖州市农业产业正由传统粗放型向现代设施农业精细化方向调整,为及时提供精准化、专业化的农业气象服务,优选湖州地区粮食、蔬菜、瓜果、茶叶、桑蚕、林业、水产、畜牧等产业,收集整理近20种具有湖州地区特色的农产品气象灾害指标,形成决策指标库,结合天气预报数据库、各类实况数据库及当前养殖动物、作物生长发育情况,形成各种农气灾害预警信息及各种服务材料,通过预警短信网发送到各类服务对象,取得较好的服务效果。     

人力资本专用性视角下的农村池塘闲置研究

对某县域地区池塘资源进行了详尽的调查研究,并利用不完全契约理论的相关模型框架对池塘资源闲置进行了经济学分析。结果表明,随着市场经济日益深化,不完全契约下的人力资本专用性扭曲了对池塘治理的投资激励,需要进行相应的制度安排来治理池塘闲置问题。     

Consumption of Bark and Seeds by Voles in Relation to Habitat and Landscape Structure

Voles cause damage in forestry by eating the bark of seedlings and the seeds of conifers. Folivorous field voles ( Microtus agrestis ), restricted to various types of grassland, are mainly responsible for damage to bark, and granivorous bank voles ( Clethrionomys glareolus ), supported by most forest environments, for the consumption of seeds. Densities of bank and field voles, consumption of bark on indigenous and experimental woody plants, and consumption of experimentally supplied seeds were measured during the vole cycle 1997-2000 in relation to three habitat and three landscape variables. Landscape variables explained field vole densities and consumption of bark to a considerable extent, while habitat variables were more adequate for densities of bank vole and consumption of seeds. Field vole populations may demonstrate a ''mass effect'', where the success of early development and dispersal from subpopulations will decide peak numbers over entire landscapes. Numbers of field voles may affect numbers of the inferior bank vole. Thus, predicting the exact location of vole damage is principally difficult.