浅谈“三段六步式”烘烤工艺效果评价

比较了三段六步式和三段式烘烤工艺烘烤烟叶的经济指标、外观质量、化学成分、评吸品质的差异,结果表明:无论是外观质量,还是烤后烟叶的经济价值,三段六步式均优于传统的三段式烘烤工艺,因而更加适用于重庆烟区特色烟叶的烘烤。     

新型耐腐蚀保温板式烤房在烟叶烘烤中的应用效果研究

[目的]验证和鉴定新型耐腐蚀保温板式烤房的实用性.[方法]在四川泸州烟区开展新型耐腐蚀保温板式烤房在烟叶烘烤中的应用研究,并与普通燃煤烤房进行效果对比.[结果]研究表明,新型耐腐蚀保温板式烤房具有耐高温耐腐蚀、保温性能好、热能利用效率高的特点,烤房节能降耗、提质增效优势明显;与普通燃煤烤房比较,单次烘烤费用最低;新型耐腐蚀保温板式烤房可以节约能源资源消耗12.0％;每一炕节省烘烤费用67元,节省率10.2％;烤后烟叶上等烟比例较高,而低次等烟比例很低,烟叶外观质量最佳,农民销售收入增加9.7％;烤房耗煤量比较低,产生的粉尘和大气污染物排放量减少了20.0％.[结论]新型耐腐蚀保温板式烤房能达到设计要求,综合性能优越,增值节能效果十分明显.     

夏季种鸡日粮中添加小苏打对生产繁殖性能的影响

试验旨在研究夏季日粮中添加小苏打对种鸡生产繁殖性能的影响。经过32d的饲养并记录各种数据,综合结果分析表明：日粮中添加小苏打对种鸡的生产繁殖性能的提高有一定的作用效果,其中,以0．3％小苏打添加量作用效果最好。     

健康型烘焙制品的研究进展

烘焙制品主要由米面、酵母、油脂、水、糖和蛋等原辅料制得。随着人们健康意识的提高,对营养、健康的新型烘焙食品关注度越来越高,使之逐渐成为流行的饮食时尚。深入分析了新型的健康性烘焙制品的加工现状,在食品加工中起到的作用以及对人体的生理功效,旨在烘焙出更营养、健康、安全、美味的食品,为烘焙业的进一步发展提供指导。     

Folates Stability in Two Types of Rye Breads During Processing and Frozen Storage

High-performance liquid chromatography was used to study the stability of folate vitamers in two types of rye breads after baking and 16 weeks of frozen storage. Bread made using sourdough seeds contained less total folate (74.6 μg/100 g dry basis, expressed as folic acid) than the whole rye flour (79.8 μg/100 g dry basis) and bread leavened only with baker’s yeast (82.8 μg/100 g dry basis). Most importantly, it was generated by a significant decrease in 5-CH₃-H₄folate form. The baking process caused some changes in folate distribution. Storage of breads at -18°C for 2 weeks did not have a significant effect (p < 0.05) on total folates compared to the content directly after baking. After a 5-weeks storage period, a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the content of total folates was recorded and it dropped on average by 14% for both type of breads. After a longer period of storage (16 weeks), a 25% loss of folates in the bread made with baker’s yeast and a 38% loss in the bread fermented with sourdough seeds was found. Retention of 5-CH₃-H₄folate and 10-HCO-H₂folate forms were much lower in the bread made with a sourdough addition than with baker’s yeast only.     

Factors influencing acrylamide formation in rye,wheat and spelt breads

In this study, a simple strategy for acrylamide (AA) reduction in white and dark wheat and spelt and rye breads, including the impact of flour basic composition, flour extraction rate, type of technology and baking time and temperature was addressed. Moreover, the correlation between AA formation in breads and total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (AC) of flours and breads was calculated. The studies showed an impact of flours origin on AA formation in breads with the following rank: wheat bread ≤ spelt bread < rye bread. There was no statistically significant effect of flour extraction rates and their chemical components on AA formation in breads baked at 200 °C/35 min. However, a weak effect was noted for wheat and spelt breads baked at higher temperature. In contrast, a positive correlation between AA in wheat, spelt and rye breads baked at both applied conditions (200 °C for 35 min or 240 °C for 30 min) and AC of white and dark flours was noted. The same finding was noted between AA formation and TPC and AC of bread and its crust. The provided data indicated that AA mitigation strategy should be based on the selection of lower baking temperature with longer baking time as the main important factor amongst others.     

适合用于酿造啤酒的小黑麦品种初步筛选

为探讨用小黑麦麦芽代替大麦麦芽酿造小黑麦啤酒的可能性,以小黑麦6个品种(系)为材料,研究小黑麦酿造啤酒的主要理化指标、水敏感性以及两种焙燥工艺下麦芽质量。结果表明,小黑麦品种东农95-6654、北联7号的理化指标符合二棱大麦优级标准;焙燥工艺为45℃6h→55℃5h→65℃3h→76℃3h时小黑麦麦芽的α-氨基氮含量、麦芽糖化力、麦芽浸出率等指标与啤酒生产上用大麦芽相似。     

高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的SDS-PAGE图谱在小麦品质研究中的应用

本实验应用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE),分析了河南72个小麦品种(品系)的高分子量(HMW)麦谷蛋白亚基组成,并测定其蛋白质含量、面筋含量、沉淀值、流变学特性和面包烘烤品质。发现含有 Glu—1 D 5+10亚基的品种一般有好的面粉品质和面包烘烤品质,含有 Glu—1 B 7+8或 Glu—1 A 2~*或 Glu—1 B 7亚基的品种有     

不同烘烤工艺下烟叶在醇化过程中外观质量和内在成分变化规律研究

[目的]找出烟叶在醇化过程中外观质量和烟叶内总植物碱、总糖、总氮和钾离子等化学成分变化规律。[方法]采用不同的烘烤工艺对烟叶进行烘烤,烘烤结束后取样进行醇化试验研究,探索烟叶在醇化过程中外观质量和内在成分的变化。[结果]在醇化过程中,中温中湿烘烤工艺对烟叶颜色和油分稍有影响,对成熟度、身份和色度等外观质量影响较小,其他烘烤工艺对其外观质量均影响较小;3种烘烤工艺对烟叶总植物碱和总糖含量变化影响较小;T2烘烤工艺下烟叶还原糖含量变化呈上升趋势,3种烘烤工艺下烟叶总氮含量变化呈上升趋势;T3烘烤工艺对烟叶钾离子含量影响较大;T2和T3烘烤工艺对烟叶氯离子含量影响较大。[结论]应针对不同的卷烟配方需求,选取适宜的烘烤工艺,使烟叶有较好的外观质量和较优的内在成分,提升全国烟叶卷烟上水平。     

定色后期稳温点对烟叶常规化学成分和致香物质的影响

以普洱市景东县烟区烟叶为研究对象,通过对不同部位最佳采收成熟度烟叶定色阶段后期稳温点的研究,分析了定色后期不同稳温处理与烟叶化学成分、致香物质的关系,结果表明:变黄期采用"低温慢变黄"处理,上部成熟烟叶54℃稳温16 h、中部成熟烟叶稳温8 h、下部适熟烟叶稳温16 h的烟叶常规化学成分含量在较适宜范围,糖碱比、氮碱比较为适宜,钾氯比均大于4,接近或符合优质烟叶的特征;烟叶致香物质总量及各类中性致香物质总量明显高于其他处理,由此表明通过优化烟叶烘烤工艺能使各部位烟叶品质向有利的方向转化。