烤烟新品种中烟103烘烤特性研究

[目的]探明烤烟新品种中烟103的烘烤特性。[方法]通过研究中烟103成熟烟叶在烘烤过程中水分及叶绿素含量的变化分析其烘烤特性。[结果]中烟103成熟鲜烟叶的叶绿素含量明显高于云烟87;烟叶变黄时间接近云烟87;叶肉干燥时间稍长于云烟87。烘烤过程中其变黄阶段叶绿素的降解速度同云烟87相差不大,失水速度慢于云烟87;在定色和干筋阶段,中烟103烟叶失水速度快,叶肉的干燥时间长于云烟87。[结论]为烤烟新品种中烟103的科学烘烤提供了参考依据。     

小麦脂类研究进展

小麦脂类是影响小麦品质的重要因素之一,与面包、糕点、南方馒头等食品的加工品质有密切关系。本文综述了小麦脂类的种类与分布,脂类分析方法,脂类、蛋白质互作和脂类、碳水化合物互作与烘烤品质的关系,脂类的遗传与品质改良等,旨在阐明小麦面粉中脂类的数量及组分、脂类与烘烤加工品质的关系及其作用机制,为从事相关研究及食品加工工作的人员提供参考。     

基于多目标综合决策判别法对不同装烟方式烘烤效益的分析

利用多目标综合决策判别法,对瓮安县密集烤房3种不同装烟方式的烘烤效益进行了综合分析。结果表明:在3种装烟方式中,散叶堆积方式的综合烘烤效益最优,传统挂竿方式最差;散叶网框装烟方式虽然烤后烟叶品质最佳,产值较高,但装烟量有限,配套设备成本最高,人工成本较高,因此其综合烘烤效益居中。     

大豆、玉米和小米制备烘烤婴儿营养米粉的糊化特性研究

[目的]研究大豆、玉米和小米制备烘烤婴儿营养米粉的糊化特性.[方法]以大豆、玉米、小米为添加原料开发婴儿营养米粉,通过在米粉中添加大豆、玉米、小米进行两因素试验,与大米粉的碘蓝值进行对比分析.营养米粉以营养成分、色、香、味和冲调性的感官评定作为评价指标.[结果]试验得出,各处理间、原料添加比例、烘烤时间、原料添加比例×烘烤时间的差异极显著;添加10％的大豆粉烘烤3、5 rin与添加10％的小米粉烘烤15 min的碘蓝值高于大米粉.从营养米粉的营养性上说,加入20％的大豆粉营养最丰富,但豆腥味较大.[结论]研究可为新型婴儿营养米粉的制备提供参考依据.     

冬小麦烘烤品质与其它一些品质性状及产量性状间的相互关系

1984-1985和1985-1986年度在郑州分别以34个和15个冬小麦品种进行试验。结果表明,蛋白质含量与产量呈极显著负相关,容重、面包体积和面包评分与产量相关均不显著,沉淀值与产量只有一年呈显著负相关。蛋白质含量与湿面筋含量和沉淀值呈显著正相关,与面包体积和面包评分只有一年相关达显著水平,与面团流变学特性的相关多不显著     

Studies on the baking properties of wheat: Pigeonpea flour blends

Pigeonpea flour was substituted at levels of 0, 5, 10, 15,20, 25% to wheat flour and whole wheat meal for bread andChapatti making, respectively. Blends were prepared up to50% for cookie making. Increasing levels of pigeonpeas inthe blends significantly increased the protein and mineralcontent of the baked products. The bread from 10%pigeonpea flour blend with 2–3% vital gluten and 0.5%SSL had high loaf volume and loaf quality. Blends containing 15% pigeonpea flour were acceptable for Chapatti and 30% pigeonpea flour with 0.25% SSL wereacceptable for cookie making.     

食品添加剂对面包小麦品种新春9号烘焙品质的影响

为了改善和提高面包小麦新春9号的烘焙品质,为专用面粉厂家通过适宜的食品添加剂生产成本较低的面包专用粉提供科学依据,将多种面包添加剂(强筋剂 、强筋剂 、强筋剂 、强化酶、烤美酶A和面包改良剂等)分别加入到面包小麦新春9号面粉中,研究其吹泡参数及烘焙品质,实验和筛选最佳添加剂种类。结果表明,在新春9号面粉中加入的各种添加剂都有增强面团韧性(P)、烘焙力(W)、P/L值和缩短面团延展性(L)的趋势,适宜的添加剂能明显改善和提高面包的体积和纹理结构,其中在新春9号面粉中加入0.45g/kg的烤美酶A改善面包烘焙品质的效果最佳。     

虫草曲奇功能食品的研制

以蛹虫草粉、蛋糕粉、面包粉、鸡粉、奶油、白糖为基本原料,采用粉碎、烘烤的办法生产虫草曲奇功能食品并提出生产工艺流程和操作方法。该产品爽脆可口、气味芬香,具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗氧化、抗疲劳等功效,且符合食品卫生标准。蛹虫草曲奇功能食品融合了传统的烘焙制作方法和现代食品制作工艺,易于掌握,有较大的市场潜力和发展前景。     

Effects of endoxylanases,vital wheat gluten,and gum Arabic on the rheological properties,water mobility,and baking quality of whole-wheat saltine cracker dough

The aim of this study was to improve the baking quality of whole-wheat saltine cracker (WWSC) using endoxylanases, vital wheat gluten (VWG), and gum Arabic. SRC results showed both water-SRC and sucrose-SRC of soft white whole-wheat flour (SWWW) were significantly reduced by gum Arabic (r = 0.94, P < 0.05). Alveograph results indicated that the tenacity and extensibility of the whole-wheat dough (WWD) were increased by VWG. Rheometer G′ and G″ moduli increased with higher addition levels of endoxylanases, VWG, and gum Arabic. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) detected three CPMG proton populations (T₂₁, T₂₂, and T₂₃) in WWD. T₂₁ peak area ratio (tightly bound water) reduced and T₂₂ peak area ratio (less tightly bound water) increased with the levels of each additive. LF-NMR results revealed increased water mobility from T₂₁ population to T₂₂ population with addition of these additives, which was beneficial for gluten to form a continuous network. Both stack height and specific volume of WWSC were improved by the use of endoxylanases, VWG, and gum Arabic, but the breaking strength varied. The results of Orthogonal experimental design showed that the most-improved quality WWSC could be produced by combining 0.035% endoxylanases, 1.5% VWG, and 1.5% gum Arabic into SWWW flour.     

烟叶烘烤研究进展

综述了品种、成熟度、烤房类型、装烟方式和密度、工艺技术等影响烟叶烘烤质量的因素,讨论了培育易烤性好的品种、改良密集烤房、推广烟草机械化生产、开发利用新能源等提高烟叶烘烤质量的措施,并就下一步研究重点进行了展望。