农艺措施对中优9507小麦蛋白组分和加工品质的调节效应

通过不同栽培措施对小麦蛋白质组分及面包加工品质影响的研究,结果表明,在小麦生长中、后期减少浇水次数,可以提高球蛋白、谷蛋白质和总蛋白含量,并可提高沉降值,延长面团形成时间和稳定时间,使面包体积有所增加.增施氮、磷肥使谷蛋白和总蛋白含量有所增加.适当叶面喷氮可以增加球蛋白、谷蛋白和总蛋白含量,并可提高籽粒硬度     

Comparison of protein quality and mineral element concentrations in grain of spelt (Triticum spelta L.) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The cultivation of Triticum spelta (spelt) has no tradition in Hungary. In recent years the interest towards this old species renewed in many countries. This high‐nutritional cereal, which has a high ash and fibre content, can be used in many health‐oriented grain‐based food products. Therefore, field experiments have been conducted for some years to test the performance of this species under home growing conditions. Here we report the results of analyses for some important quality parameters of grain samples from the 1996/97 season in comparison with those of older and new home‐grown bread wheat cultivars. Three common wheat cultivars and one advanced spelt line were grown on small plots fertilised with an NPK dose necessary to reach the highest yield and quality. Spikes were sampled weekly from the time of 70–77% grain moisture to full ripening. The grains were analysed for ash, N, P and K content and amino acid composition. Concentrations of 16 other macro + micro elements and in the ripe grains, baking quality parameters were also assessed. The grain development of spelt showed a remarkable time‐lag compared to that of the common wheat cultivars. However, the highest thousand‐grain‐masses, ash, N, and P concentrations were measured in this cultivar after milk ripening. The grains of spelt contained the macro‐nutrient Mg and four micro‐nutrients (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu) in higher concentrations compared to those of the common wheat varieties. The total and essential amino acid concentrations measured in the ripe grains of spelt were also remarkably higher.

Although its wet gluten content (47.5%) was considerably higher than that of the bread wheat cultivars, its breadmaking quality was poor.     

不同烘烤工艺对5个烤烟品种感官质量的影响研究

在5个密集烤房内采用不同的烘烤工艺分别对5个烤烟品种进行烘烤,应用主成分分析法综合分析评价了不同处理烤后烟叶的感官质量。结果表明:不同烤烟品种在其自身烘烤工艺条件下其感官质量评吸结果不一定最好;K326、NC297、云烟97和NC102使用较长变黄期和稍短定色期的烘烤工艺能够提高其感官质量,NC71使用稍短的变黄期和定色期的烘烤工艺能够提高其感官质量。     

烘烤方式对‘云烟87’烟叶质量的影响

为进一步提升烟叶烘烤水平,提高出烤烟叶质量,以‘云烟87’为材料,连续多年对当地散叶烘烤和挂杆烘烤的烤后烟叶进行对比。结果表明,随着散叶烘烤工艺的逐年改进,散叶烘烤与挂杆烘烤在烟叶外观质量上的差距逐年缩小;散叶烘烤在烟叶化学品质上明显优于挂杆烘烤,化学成分更加协调;综合来看,散叶烘烤烟叶的综合品质在逐年提升,并优于挂杆烘烤。     

添加甘薯粉对面包烘焙品质的影响

研究分析了添加不同比例甘薯粉对面包烘焙品质的影响，并对优质一级面包粉和普通面包粉进行了比较。结果表明，对于优质面包粉，甘薯粉添加量可在１０％以内，对于一般面包粉应控制在７．５％以内     

生物质颗粒燃烧炉在密集烤房上的应用

为探索生物质燃料在烟叶烘烤中的利用,实现烟叶烘烤节能环保和降本增效,进行了本试验,结果表明：利用生物质颗粒燃烧炉供热进行烟叶烘烤,有利于烘烤过程中干球温度的控制,干球温度控制精度在±0.5℃以内,能确保烘烤工艺的到位,有利于提高烟叶烘烤质量;烘烤能耗成本低于燃煤烘烤,且烘烤操作包括添料、点火、控火及出渣等难度和用工量远低于传统燃煤方式,烟农易掌握,有利于烟叶烘烤减工降本;生物质颗粒燃烧炉在原有密集烤房配置相应换热器的方式应用效果较好,其次是直接对接金属加热设备,直接对接非金属加热设备相对较差。     

黔东南州烤房群烟草粉螟监测动态研究

为进一步找到黔东南州烟草粉螟在烘烤阶段的发生规律,对镇远、施秉、岑巩和麻江4个烤烟县烤房群烟草粉螟发生情况进行了监测调查。根据实际调查数据,分析各县烤房群烟草粉螟实时发生和累计发生情况。结果表明,施秉县烤房群烟草粉螟发生最严重,其次分别为镇远县、麻江县和岑巩县。从始发期、暴发期、终发期及周期来看,各县各烤房群发生情况不同,防治时应根据各自发生情况进行针对性、重点性的监测和防治。该结果对加强黔东南烟草粉螟防治工作有一定的指导作用。     

密集烤房在烤烟生产中的优势及效益分析

介绍了密集式烤房的烘烤工艺、操作要点比较优势和应用效益,提出了加快贵州安龙县密集烤房建设,加大对烟叶烘烤的技术工艺研究,逐步完善烟叶专业化烘烤运行模式的建议。     

Effect of bread making on formation of Maillard reaction products contributing to the overall antioxidant activity of rye bread

This paper reports the effects of flour extraction rate on antioxidant activity, early, fluorescent and coloured Maillard reaction products in rye flour, crumb, crust and bread. Extent of the reaction was determined by analyses of furosine, fluorescence compounds and browning while antioxidant properties were measured by Folin reaction, Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) and Oxygen Radical Antioxidant Capacity (ORAC_FL) assays. Antioxidants present in rye flours and breads scavenged peroxyl and ABTS radicals and reduced Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Data indicated that baking favoured the formation of antioxidant compounds. In controversy, milling to obtain white rye flour negatively affected bread quality.     

Dough mixing characteristics measured by Mixsmart software as possible predictors of bread making quality in three production regions of South Africa

South Africa has three wheat production regions, the winter rainfall region where spring wheat is planted; the summer rainfall where winter and intermediate wheat is cultivated; and the irrigation region where spring wheat is grown. The aim of this study was to determine dough mixing characteristics as measured by Mixsmart^® software in these three regions over seasons and locations, and to relate this to important quality characteristics. In the winter rainfall area Mixsmart characteristics were very poor predictors of baking quality, especially of loaf volume, flour protein content and wet gluten content. The best predictors of loaf volume in this region were flour protein content and wet gluten content, which were highly interrelated. In the irrigation area, midline peak value and midline right value were very good predictors of flour protein content, gluten content and loaf volume. Midline peak value was highly correlated with protein content in both the irrigation and summer rainfall areas and was a better predictor than peak time of baking quality. The ideal would be to select several parameters from the mixograph and use them in a multivariate statistical analysis to obtain a more accurate prediction of loaf volume in the irrigation and summer rainfall areas.