Dough mixing characteristics measured by Mixsmart software as possible predictors of bread making quality in three production regions of South Africa

South Africa has three wheat production regions, the winter rainfall region where spring wheat is planted; the summer rainfall where winter and intermediate wheat is cultivated; and the irrigation region where spring wheat is grown. The aim of this study was to determine dough mixing characteristics as measured by Mixsmart^® software in these three regions over seasons and locations, and to relate this to important quality characteristics. In the winter rainfall area Mixsmart characteristics were very poor predictors of baking quality, especially of loaf volume, flour protein content and wet gluten content. The best predictors of loaf volume in this region were flour protein content and wet gluten content, which were highly interrelated. In the irrigation area, midline peak value and midline right value were very good predictors of flour protein content, gluten content and loaf volume. Midline peak value was highly correlated with protein content in both the irrigation and summer rainfall areas and was a better predictor than peak time of baking quality. The ideal would be to select several parameters from the mixograph and use them in a multivariate statistical analysis to obtain a more accurate prediction of loaf volume in the irrigation and summer rainfall areas.     

我国烘焙业的现状及发展趋势

从原料采购、市场销售和产品质量及技术创新等方面着重阐述了我国烘焙业的现状,并且对我国烘焙业的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Strain hardening as an indicator of bread-making performance: A review with discussion

Since strain hardening has been proposed as an important quality indicator of dough with respect to bread-making performance, a large body of experimental support for this concept has been published. Nevertheless, some questions remain with respect to the use of the concept of strain hardening. This is the subject of this review. Discussion points will include the most relevant indicator of strain hardening in relation to bread-making performance, methods to determine strain hardening and the benefits and limitations of using strain hardening as a parameter that characterises the bread-making performance of bread dough.     

烤烟上部叶不同成熟度采收及其烘烤工艺试验

成熟度是影响烟叶质量的中心因素,与烟叶的色、香、味关系密切,上部烟叶组织紧密、杂气较重、刺激性较强、可用性较低的主要原因是成熟度不够。通过开展烤烟上部叶不同成熟度采收及其烘烤工艺试验发现,推迟上部烟叶采收时间,使上部叶片发育较好,开片较好,烤烟叶片栅栏组织和海绵组织细胞疏松度增加,胞间空隙率变大,叶片组织结构相对疏松,更符合烟叶可用性对组织结构的要求,并且顶部1～6片叶间物理性状差异缩小,改善了烤后烟叶外观质量。     

农艺措施对中优9507小麦蛋白组分和加工品质的调节效应

通过不同栽培措施对小麦蛋白质组分及面包加工品质影响的研究,结果表明,在小麦生长中、后期减少浇水次数,可以提高球蛋白、谷蛋白质和总蛋白含量,并可提高沉降值,延长面团形成时间和稳定时间,使面包体积有所增加.增施氮、磷肥使谷蛋白和总蛋白含量有所增加.适当叶面喷氮可以增加球蛋白、谷蛋白和总蛋白含量,并可提高籽粒硬度     

神经网络-模糊控制器在烟叶烘烤中的应用

探讨了采用神经网络－模糊控制器的计算机智能控制系统在烟叶烘烤中的应用,针对影响烘烤质量的实际难点问题,应用神经网络－模糊解耦控制器实施解耦控制,配以简单的人机对话,实现了既可设置固定烘烤工艺曲线,又可在烘烤过程中实时自动修改的灵活控制。     

饴糖在蛋糕中的应用研究

利用饴糖替代部分蔗糖,研制出一种甜度适宜,保质期长,成本较低,松软可口的蛋糕。     

YM-A型卧式密集烤房与普通烤房烘烤对比试验

[目的]将YM-A型卧式密集烤房与普通立式炉烤房的烘烤效果进行比较,寻求前者的优势。[方法]以烤烟K326品种为材料,立式炉热风室烤房为对照,两个烤房同时装烤同一片田块的成熟度相同、素质基本一致的鲜烟叶,应用"3段式"烤烟烘烤工艺烘烤。[结果]YM-A型卧式密集烤房烘烤出的烟叶上等烟比例达41.01%,中上等烟达91.00%,分别比普通立式烤房增长8.8%、10.5%;YM-A型烤房各种性能好于普通立式烤房烤房,平面湿差,最大不超0.3℃,垂直差不超过1.5℃,能有效减少烤坏烟的比例和降低烘烤成本(比普通烤房减少了0.29元)。[结论]YM-A型卧式密集烤房大大改变了传统的烘烤模式,提高了烟叶烤后质量,有效降低了烟叶烘烤成本。     

面筋蛋白对小麦粉理化性质及面包烘焙品质的影响

为明确不同类型小麦的面粉改良方案,为我国优质面包专用粉的生产提供理论与技术支持,以三个筋力不同的小麦品种宁麦13、扬麦16和郑麦9023为材料,通过洗面筋法提取各供试材料的湿面筋,将其冷冻干燥后按照7%、8%、9%、10%、11%的添加比例与各自面粉进行配比,对配粉的面包烘焙品质、面粉理化性质和面团流变学特性进行了测定分析。结果发现,随着面筋蛋白添加量的提高,配粉的蛋白质、湿面筋、谷蛋白大聚体(GMP)含量和沉降值逐步上升;粘度参数和面团弱化度有所下降;糊化温度和糊化时间呈上升趋势。在同一添加量下,强筋小麦的烘焙品质和面粉理化性质始终优于中筋小麦和弱筋小麦。随着面筋蛋白添加量的提高,面包体积、弹性、回复性、内聚力增大,而硬度、咀嚼性减小,感官品质得到改善。面筋蛋白添加量超过一定范围(宁麦13、扬麦16添加9%,郑麦9023添加8%),面包品质改良效果变缓,且色泽不断加深。综上所述,适量添加面筋蛋白可改变面粉的理化性质,提高其面包烘焙品质;配粉的蛋白质含量为18%左右是最经济的面包烘焙品质改良方案。     

延边地区烘烤中存在的问题及其老烤房改造

本文从延边地区烘烤工艺中存在的问题提出了意见和看法，并对老烤房改造提出了一些改进措施．