河南小秦岭国家级自然保护区野生灵宝杜鹃的引种及开发

介绍了小秦岭自然保护区野生灵宝杜鹃植物资源的分布状况,提出了野生灵宝杜鹃引种的方法步骤,并就其开发利用提出建议,为该区域灵宝杜鹃引种栽培及开发利用提供参考。     

Influence of Nitrate:Ammonium Ratios on Growth and Elemental Concentration in Two Azalea Cultivars

Abstract

Rooted cuttings of Rhododendron canescens “Brook” and Rhododendron austrinum were grown in sand culture with a modified Hoagland's solution under greenhouse conditions. The effect of varying ammonium:nitrate (NO₃ ^?:NH₄ ⁺) ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100) on growth, chlorophyll content, plant quality, and elemental tissue concentration were determined. With NO₃ ^? as the nitrogen (N) form, both azalea cultivars exhibited less vegetative growth, lower overall plant quality, with leaves showing visual chlorotic symptoms in comparison to plants receiving NH₄ ⁺ as the N‐form. Leachate pH was highest with NO₃ ^? as the predominate N‐form and decreased significantly with each increment of NH₄ ⁺. With both azalea cultivars, N‐form significantly influenced uptake and utilization of essential plant nutrients. Leaf concentrations of N, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), boron (B), and molybdenum (Mo) were highest with NO₃ ^?‐N. Leaf elemental concentrations of phosphorous (P), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) increased as NH₄ ⁺ supplied more of the N‐ratio. Significant differences in Mg, Mn, and Zn were observed between species. Results from this study show that foliar N concentration is not an accurate indicator of plant growth response. Further investigations are needed to determine if foliarchlorosis and low growth rates observed with NO₃ ^? fed plants due to an Fe deficiency, to low nitrate reductase (NR) activity in the leaves, or to a combination of these factors.     

杜鹃花色素的提取及稳定性研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to further investigate and utilize the natural anthocyanidin from Rhododendron L. [Method] Using Rhododendron L. with four different colors including white, pink, red and purple as the test materials, its anthocyanidin extraction methods were analyzed in this study to evaluate the spectral properties and its stability of various anthocyanidin. [Result] The anthocyanidin from Rhododendron L. was perfectly extracted by methanol with 1% concentrated hydrochloric acid (V/V) and had better stability in this extraction solution. The further experiment in vitro indicated that the anthocyanidin from Rhododendron L. became stable with pH value of 0-3, but could not resistant to high temperature or strong light, and the alkaline condition had also great effects on its stability. [Conclusion] The methanol with 1% concentrated hydrochloric acid (V/V) has the best effect for extraction, and the anthocyanidin from Rhododendron L. is more stable in low temperature, weak light and acid conditions.     

不同氮源和pH值对比利时杜鹃叶片生理特征和营养元素的影响

为研究不同pH值和氮源对比利时杜鹃叶片生理特征和营养元素的影响,该文采用基质培养法,选取培养一致的3年生比利时杜鹃盆栽苗为试验材料,根据不同pH值（8.0和5.0）和不同氮源（NO-3 N和NH+4 N）将营养液分为4个处理,按完全随机区组设计,在北京卓越花卉温室培养,半年后对基质的理化性质和新鲜叶片中活性铁、活性锰、叶绿素含量、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性进行测定,并运用SPSS软件对测定结果进行分析。结果表明:pH值8.0的硝态氮处理的基质的pH值显著高于铵态氮处理;pH值5.0的硝态氮和铵态氮处理可使比利时杜鹃基质pH值保持在最适范围（5.5～4.5）;不同pH值和氮源处理对基质有效营养成分和比利时杜鹃外观没有明显差异。pH值5.0的铵态氮处理的叶片叶绿素和活性铁含量最高,其中新叶叶绿素平均含量为1.590 mg/g、新叶活性铁平均含量为26.379 mg/kg。新叶活性铁、活性锰和叶绿素平均含量均低于老叶;新叶的过氧化氢酶活性和老叶相当;新叶的过氧化物酶活性高于老叶。分析结果表明,在北方碱性水土地区,铵态氮源能提高比利时杜鹃叶片铁的有效性和叶绿素含量,增加过氧化氢酶的活性,防止失绿症的发生,比硝态氮源更有利于比利时杜鹃的生长。      

长白山杜鹃花基因组DNA提取及RAPD体系的建立

采用改良的CTAB法提取杜鹃花的基因组DNA,所得的DNA纯度高、质量好,可用于RAPD分析.筛选出的杜鹃花RAPD反应的最佳体系为25μL反应体系中包括模板DNA20～200ng.引物10pmol,dNTPs100μmol·L-1,TaqDNA聚合酶0.5U,Mg2 2.5 mmol·L-1,10xbuffer缓冲液2.5 mmol·-1,其余部分用无茵超纯水补充.PCR扩增程序为94℃预变性5 min;94℃变性1 min,37℃退火1min,72℃延伸2min,40次循环;72℃最终延伸7min.应用优化后的反应体系PCR扩增获得的RAPD指纹图谱带型清晰,重复性好,为长白山杜鹃花品种鉴定、分类的研究提供了一定基础.     

牛皮杜鹃植株解剖结构的研究

在前人对杜鹃花研究的基础上,以长白山野生牛皮杜鹃(Rhododendron Chrysanthum Pall)为材料,采用常规石蜡切片法对根、茎、叶、花、果实及种子的解剖结构进行观察研究.     

黄杜鹃提取物对小菜蛾的产卵忌避和杀卵作用

报道了闹羊花素 III(简称R III)和黄杜鹃花乙酸乙酯 (EtOAc)萃取物等对小菜蛾 (PlutellaxylostellaL .)的产卵忌避和杀卵作用 .在非选择性和选择性试验处理后 72h ,R III(ρ =0 5g·L-1)的产卵忌避率分别为 77 5 4%和80 1 3% ,EtOAc萃取物 (ρ =5g·L-1)的忌避率分别为 5 5 86 %和 6 6 0 1 % .经R III和EtOAc萃取物处理后 ,叶背与叶面卵数之比显著变小 ,卵孵化率明显降低 以 ρ =0 1g·L-1R III处理后 5d ,杀卵率可达 6 6 % .     

浙江12种杜鹃花属植物的果实形态、种子数及其相关性研究

杜鹃花属(ＲｈｏｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎＬ.)的系统学研究尚有许多值得探索的问题(余树勋,1986;闵天禄等,1990;Ｐｈｉｌｉｐｓｏｎｅｔａｌ.,1973)。近年来,本课题组陆续对浙江杜鹃花属植物开展了分类学和形态学的研究(丁炳扬等,1987;1989;1990;1995)。本文就浙江12种野生杜鹃花属植物的果实形态、种子数及其相关性进行研究,为该属的系统学研究及引种驯化提供理论依据。1　材料与方法11　常绿杜鹃亚属(ＳｕｂｇｅｎＨｙｍｅｎａｎｔｈｅｓ)　　云锦杜鹃(Ｒ.ｆｏｒｔｕｎｅｉＬｉｎｄ1.)、猴头杜鹃(Ｒ.ｓｉｍｉａｒｕｍＨａｎｃｅ)、安徽杜鹃(Ｒ.…     

高山杜鹃成都平原越夏生长研究

为加强对高山杜鹃的引种栽培,筛选出适合成都平原栽植的高山杜鹃品种,对引进的11个品种高山杜鹃的整株生长指标（冠幅、株高、地径、分蘖能力）、枝条生长指标（分枝数、最长分枝长度、单枝粗度、最长枝叶片数）、叶片生长指标（叶长、叶宽、叶片厚度）、夏稍长度以及热害指数进行评估。结果表明,引进的11个品种高山杜鹃均能在一定程度上适应成都平原越夏生长,其中‘王妃’的综合表现最好,尤其是其冠幅、株高、地径、最长分枝长度、单枝粗度、叶长、叶宽,在引种2个月后的增幅分别达到了131.43%、155.07%、53.79%、103.65%、26.66%、21.51%、27.34%;‘喜悦’的热害指数最低,几乎不受害。此外,‘粉蜜’、‘红溢’也表现不俗。因此,引进高山杜鹃品种‘王妃’、‘粉蜜’、‘红溢’、‘喜悦’适应成都平原的越夏生长,可进一步推广栽植。     

宁波市杜鹃属植物资源调查

2012-2018年采用典型地块、典型线路详查为主,全面踏查为辅的方式对宁波市杜鹃属植物资源进行调查.结果 表明,宁波市共有野生及习见栽培的杜鹃属植物9种1变种1变型,其中野生种6种1变种1变型,习见栽培种4种.从水平分布看,有广域种、区域种、局域种和微域种4种类型;从垂直分布看,只分布于海拔700 m以上的有华顶杜鹃...