杜鹃属植物种子育苗研究

 采用不同基质、播种时间进行杜鹃属植物种子育苗试验。结果表明: ①种子萌发和幼苗生长最适温度为16～20℃, 庐山地区播种以5月上旬最佳; 材料较多的5个亚属供试种发芽速度以羊踯躅亚属最快, 常绿杜鹃亚属、映山红亚属、杜鹃亚属居中, 马银花亚属最慢。②“腐殖土+苔藓”基质成苗率及幼苗生长表现优于“腐殖土”。③与庐山地理位置越近、气候差异越小, 育苗越易成功, 原产长江中下游、中低海拔的种表现极佳。④不同系统位置的物种育苗效果依次为映山红亚属>马银花亚属>羊踯躅亚属>常绿杜鹃亚属>杜鹃亚属。⑤播种及幼苗期的管理是育苗成败的关键。     

An overview of potentially life-threatening poisonous plants in dogs and cats

Objectives: This article discusses the toxicity of the most common poisonous plants known to cause life‐threatening systemic effects or death in dogs and cats as reported to the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (APCC). Data sources: The article presents an overview of geographic distribution, toxic principle, clinical signs, clinical chemistry alterations, and treatment of intoxication as reported in the literature and based upon data retrieved from the APCC between January 2001 and December 2003. Summary: Most plant exposures in dogs or cats result in mild to moderate signs of vomiting and diarrhea while liver, kidney, central nervous system, or cardiovascular effects are rare. Some garden or household plants can cause serious systemic effects or death when a small amount of plant material has been ingested. Based on APCC records, the most frequently reported poisonous plants causing serious systemic effects include Lily (Lilium and Hemerocallis spp.), Azalea (Rhododendron spp.), Oleander (Nerium oleander), Sago palm (Cycas spp.), Castor bean (Ricinus communis), Kalanchoe (Kalanchoe spp.), and Autumn Crocus (Colchicum autumnale). Conclusion: Despite the variety of toxins present in the plants listed above, early clinical signs of toxicosis in dogs and cats can be nonspecific and can include vomiting, lethargy, anorexia, salivation, or diarrhea. Cardiac arrhythmias may be present with oleander, azalea, or kalanchoe ingestion. Evidence of liver or kidney damage (Cycas, Lilium, Hemerocallis spp., Ricinus communis) may occur 1–2 days after the exposure. Treatment consists of early decontamination and supportive care and may vary according to the type of plant involved and clinical signs present.     

东祁连山杜鹃灌丛草地物种多样性特征及干扰因子

在海拔3080~3610 m范围内,研究东祁连山杜鹃灌丛在不同海拔高度的物种多样性特征及砍伐、滑坡干扰对其影响。结果表明:Shannon-Wiener指数随海拔高度先升后降,最高值出现在3330 m处,为2.537,最低值则出现于海拔最高的3610m处,为2.109,两个峰值相差0.428,下降幅度为16.9%;丰富度指数与之相似,以3330m最高,为3.672,在3610m处最低,为2.2,峰值相差1.472,下降幅度为40.1%;均匀度的变化规律有所不同,最高值出现在海拔3400m处,为0.793,最低值则出现于较低的3160m处,为0.725,两个峰值相差0.068,仅下降8.6%,变幅很小;总体来看,在3230~3400m之间,群落的物种多样性、丰富度和均匀度均较高;较高和较低海拔地段,物种多样性较低,丰富度和均匀度相应偏低;群落在自然应力的作用下发生滑坡后,其Shannon-Wiener指数、丰富度和均匀度均有较大程度下降,比对照分别下降46.9%、34.2%和38.0%,差异极显著;砍伐的情形则与滑坡大不相同,群落被砍伐两年内,其Shannon-Wiener指数、丰富度和均匀度均无显著差异。     

水分胁迫对云锦杜鹃光合生理和光温响应的影响

以盆栽5年生云锦杜鹃苗木为材料, 研究了不同强度土壤水分胁迫对其叶片某些光合生理特性及其对光温响应的影响。结果表明: 在轻度水分胁迫下净光合速率的下降由气孔限制引起, 而中度和重度胁迫下则由非气孔限制引起。在较高强度的水分胁迫下, 云锦杜鹃光补偿点和气孔阻力升高, 光饱和点、表观量子效率、最大净光合速率、Fv/Fm和蒸腾速率下降, 而暗呼吸速率先升后降, 胞间CO₂浓度先降后升, 高温加重了水分胁迫对光合作用的不利影响。     

云锦杜鹃总黄酮含量及成分分析

对云锦杜鹃(Khododendron fortunei)不同营养器官总黄酮含量进行测定,并利用聚酰胺薄层层析法对云锦杜鹃叶片黄酮类化合物的成分进行分析,结果表明:(1)云锦杜鹃不同营养器官总黄酮含量高低依次是叶＞根＞茎;(2)云锦杜鹃叶片总黄酮主要含有8种不同的黄酮成分,而根茎中只含有4种不同成分.     

Laboratory and field evaluations of rhodojaponin-III against the imported cabbage worm Pieris rapae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

The activity of rhodojaponin-III (R-III), a grayanoid diterpene compound isolated from Rhododendron molle G. Don flowers, was determined under laboratory and field conditions as an antifeedant, stomach poison, contact toxicant and insect growth inhibitor against Pieris rapae (L.) larvae. The median antifeedant concentration (AFC(50)) values in no-choice leaf disc tests were 1.16 and 15.85 mg L(-1) at 24 h after treatment when tested against third and fifth instars respectively. The median lethal concentration (LC(50)) values in leaf disc tests were 2.84 and 9.53 mg L(-1) at 96 h after treatment against third and fifth instars respectively. R-III showed an almost 30 times higher contact toxicity against third instars than for fifth instars, and the median lethal dose (LD(50)) values for topical application were 1.18 and 34.09 mg kg(-1) at 72 h after treatment respectively. R-III disrupted the development of larvae to pupae or adults with median concentration for inhibiting growth (IC(50)) values of only 1.36 mg L(-1) for third instars and 11.28 mg L(-1) for fifth instars. In field trials, a greater than 80% reduction in the adjusted larval numbers was obtained against P. rapae 14 days after treatment when Rhodo 0.1% EC, a commercial botanical insecticide based on R-III, was applied at both 937.5 and 625 mL ha(-1). These results suggest that further research to develop R-III, and extracts from R. molle, as biorational pesticides or as lead compounds for integrated pest management deserve consideration.     

苞叶杜鹃硬枝扦插育苗技术的研究

以苞叶杜鹃休眠硬枝为试验材料,在不同扦插基质、不同激素种类和质量浓度条件下进行扦插试验,结果表明:插穗在河沙+蛭石基质中的成活率为14.5%,高于草炭土+珍珠岩+腐叶土基质;质量浓度为150 mg·L-1的NAA、IBA处理的效果好于其它处理,插穗成活率分别为21.3%和18.8%,而在河沙+蛭石(1:1)基质中的成活...     

马缨杜鹃离体叶片高效再生不定芽及其组织细胞学研究

以马缨杜鹃（Rhododendron delavayi var. delavayi）试管苗叶片为材料，采用噻苯隆（TDZ）或玉米素（ZT）结合NAA诱导离体叶片再生植株，并对再生过程进行形态学和组织细胞学观察。结果表明，TDZ诱导马缨杜鹃离体叶片发生不定芽的作用强于ZT，WPM + TDZ 0.08 mg • L-1 + NAA 0.01 mg • L-1 是马缨杜鹃离体叶片再生不定芽的最佳培养基，芽的分化率和分化数量分别为83.33%和4.29个；其再生方式为器官直接发生，且属于多起源，再生过程依次经历细胞增殖、细胞脱分化、细胞再分化、不定芽原基形成与发育4个关键阶段。     

外施蔗糖对高山杜鹃"粉金蝶"花色的影响

以高山杜鹃"粉金蝶"为试验材料,研究不同蔗糖处理对开花过程中花色生理特性的影响,以期提高花卉品质.结果表明:各处理对提高花瓣的花青素苷含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性和查耳酮异构酶(CHI)活性均有明显效果,花瓣色泽得到改善.综合各项指标,认为0.5 mol/L蔗糖处理效果最明显.     

云南老君山腺房杜鹃灌丛群落特征及生物量分配特征研究

2012年7~9月在云南省老君山自然保护区6个不同海拔梯度带各设置3个5 m×5 m的典型样地,对不同海拔梯度带腺房杜鹃灌丛的群落特征及其生物量分配特征进行研究。结果表明,(1)老君山腺房杜鹃灌丛群落有维管植物58种,隶属于28科49属,其中蕨类植物4科5属5种,被子植物23科43属52种,裸子植物1科1属1种。58种植物中,草本植物种类最多,有20科30属36种,占总数的62.06%,木本植物9科16属22种,占总数的36.94%。(2)海拔对腺房杜鹃生物量的分配具有一定的影响,大致表现为随着海拔升高生物量呈下降趋势(2 500~3 260 m)。(3)老君山腺房杜鹃根、茎、叶各部分的生物量的分配规律为茎根叶,植物各个器官生物量分配与海拔没有显著关系。