北京地区橘小实蝇的生活习性观察

橘小实蝇传八北京市房山区,对本地果品造成危害。通过调查,橘小实蝇成虫发生期6月中旬～11月中旬。幼虫危害盏期8月中旬～9月中旬,主要危害苹果、梨、枣、桃、西梅、李子等。11月初化蛹,主要分布在2～3cm表土层。     

基于卡尔曼滤波的橘小实蝇成虫运动轨迹优化跟踪

为了实现橘小实蝇虫口密度的精准监测,该文将机器视觉技术作为田间橘小实蝇成虫入侵自动化监测的感知方法。通过对监测区域内运动目标和背景的颜色分析,提出了基于卡尔曼(Kalman)滤波的运动目标颜色均值漂移跟踪算法,优化了多目标运动轨迹跟踪效果。该算法通过图像处理和匹配技术提取了橘小实蝇成虫在虫口监测区域二维平面X轴和Y轴方向上的位置坐标和速度分量,推算了橘小实蝇成虫运动轨迹递推关系。基于动态系统的状态序列线性最小方差估计理论和成虫运动轨迹关系分析,构建了卡尔曼滤波状态估计模型,并建立其预测和修正方程实现了橘小实蝇成虫运动目标位置估计。通过在虫口监测区域开展单目标和多目标分散及粘连条件下的成虫跟踪试验,试验结果表明颜色均值漂移跟踪算法对橘小实蝇成虫单目标跟踪具有较好的适应性,成虫监测计数准确率达100%,对于多目标分散和粘连情况跟踪处理效果较差,计数准确率分别下降至86%和76%;通过在颜色空间均值漂移跟踪算法的基础上引入Kalman滤波器估算目标运动的近似位置,实现了对橘小实蝇成虫分散和粘连多目标运动的持续跟踪优化,监测计数准确率分别提升至96%和93%。机器视觉技术实时跟踪橘小实蝇成虫在虫口监测区域运动轨迹试验进一步验证了橘小实蝇成虫虫口密度监测的可行性,为田间橘小实蝇成虫发生自动化监测技术研究提供了参考。     

我国南方常见的6种寡毛实蝇PCR-RFLP快速鉴定研究

应用PCR—RFLP技术，对我国南方发生和诱捕到的6种寡毛实蝇开展了快速鉴定方法研究，结果表明，设计出的2组引物对6种供试实蝇线粒体DNA(mtDNA)的PCR扩增片断大小分别约为350bp和450bp。用限制性内切酶MSEI和DRAI对PCR扩增产物进行酶切，得到的酶切位点可将供试的6种实蝇区分开来。该方法不受供试实蝇食物源的影响，对各种虫态(卵、幼虫、蛹)和不同性别的成虫均适用，可用于实蝇的快速鉴定。     

切割潜蝇茧蜂2个地理种群的形态差异比较

分别应用普通形态学解剖和扫描电镜技术,研究切割潜蝇茧蜂2个地理种群(福建漳州和引自美国夏威夷的种群)的形态差异.普通光学解剖镜观察结果表明,二者在体形大小、体色方面略有差异,触角节数、前翅脉序存在较明显的差异,其它部位无明显差异.电镜扫描结果表明,二者在头部、胸部上存在较明显的差异,其它部位亦无明显差异.     

引诱剂对柑桔小实蝇、瓜实蝇诱捕效果试验

用引诱剂甲基丁香酚、4-(P-醋酸基-苯基)2-丁酮(简称Cuelure)与这两种药的混合剂(简称Islon)对柑桔小实蝇和瓜实蝇(雄虫)进行诱捕试验,结果表明,国产与日本产的这两种引诱剂的效果无明显差异,日产的甲基丁香酚药效持久性稍长于国产的;cuelure与Islon对瓜实蝇的诱捕效果无明显差异;甲基丁香酚对柑秸小实蝇的诱捕效果稍高于Islon剂。推荐用Islon作检疫或监测实蝇的引诱剂。本文还对柑桔小实蝇和瓜实蝇的虫口变动与寄主之间的关系进行了观察。     

不同寄主对瓜实蝇和南亚实蝇生长发育和产卵选择的影响

为探讨瓜实蝇Zeugodacus cucurbitae和南亚实蝇Zeugodacus tau对寄主植物的选择性及寄主植物对其种群的适合度。在室内观察记录瓜实蝇和南亚实蝇幼虫在黄瓜Cucumis sativus、丝瓜Luffa aegyptiaca和西葫芦Cucurbita pepo 3种寄主果实上的幼虫历期、蛹历期和存活率等生长发育参数,同时测定两种实蝇成虫在3个黄瓜品种‘A38翠玉’‘台湾大黄瓜’和‘唐山秋瓜’有无果皮两种状态下的产卵量。结果表明,瓜实蝇和南亚实蝇幼虫取食同种果实或同种实蝇取食不同寄主果实后幼虫的发育历期、化蛹率和存活率均无显著差异;但取食西葫芦后,两种实蝇的蛹历期分别为12.30 d和12.77 d,均显著长于取食黄瓜和丝瓜。且南亚实蝇的羽化率为70.59%,显著高于瓜实蝇在3种寄主果实上的羽化率。不同品种黄瓜中,瓜实蝇偏向于选择‘A38翠玉’品种产卵,在果实完好和去果皮条件下日均产卵量分别达87.50粒和53.75粒,均显著高于南亚实蝇在3个黄瓜品种上的日均产卵量;南亚实蝇更偏好在去果皮的‘A38翠玉’果实上产卵,日均产卵量达44.25粒。对同一黄瓜品种,瓜实蝇在...     

瓜实蝇热激蛋白基因hsp70的克隆及序列分析

[目的]克隆分析瓜实蝇热激蛋白hsp70基因序列特征,为进一步研究瓜实蝇的热适应性机制及制定综合防治策略奠定基础.[方法]根据NCBI数据库中已报道的昆虫hsp70基因保守序列,设计合成扩增瓜实蝇hsp70基因部分片段的简并引物,并利用RACE-PCR扩增其全长序列.[结果]克隆获得瓜实蝇hsp70基因cDNA全长序列(获取号:KM112021)2271 bp,含1911 bp的开放阅读框,编码636个氨基酸,具有真核生物hsp70基因家族的3个明显基序标签,同时在C-末端具有EEVD基序,推测其属于胞质型热激蛋白.BLAST分析结果表明该序列与双翅目实蝇科昆虫hsp70基因高度相似,最高相似度达91％.氨基酸序列系统发育分析结果显示,瓜实蝇与双翅目实蝇科昆虫聚类为一个分支,证实hsp70基因的高度保守.[结论]瓜实蝇hsp70基因具有真核生物hsp 70基因家族的特征,序列表现为高度的保守性,可作为今后研究瓜实蝇抗逆性机制的一个参数指标.     

Oleuropein-Specific-13-Glucosidase Activity Marks the Early Response of Olive Fruits （Olea europaea） to Mimed Insect Attack

Olive fruits are seriously deteriorated by pre and postharvest damage due to the attack of insects, such as Bactrocera olaea, which strongly alters the quality of olives. Defence response in olive fruits injured both by pathogens and by mechanical damages has been associated with the enzyme β-glucosidase, which specifically hydrolyses oleuropein, producing highly reactive aldehyde molecules. In situ detection of ~-glucosidase activity in olive fruit tissues following injury, which simulates Bactrocera oleae punctures, is reported. The assay was performed in two cultivars showing different degrees of susceptibilities to fly infestation. In both cultivars, the histochemical assay for β-glucosidase showed that within 20 min after the injury, a strong ~-glucosidase activity could be observed in the damaged tissues. Thereafter a progressive enzyme inactivation occurred starting from tissues around the boundary of the injury with decrease of the enzyme activity and stopped after 3 h. Whereas the mass of active cells reached a distance of （300±50） μm from the edge of the injury. Biochemical analyses showed that in extracts of the injured fruit, β-glucosidase activity rapidly increased within 20 min from injury, thereafter decreasing and reaching values comparable with those in intact fruits. Following puncture, the oleuropein contents did not change significantly in the high susceptibility cultivar, whereas it rapidly decreased in the cultivar showing low susceptibility. The results strongly suggest that olive fruits susceptible towards fly infestation could be related to the ability of the oleuropein-degrading-β-glucosidase to produce the highly reactive molecules in the damaged tissues. As a consequence of puncture, high level of peroxidase activity was detected. This feature also suggested that this enzyme could play a key role in the defence response against insect injuries.     

Oleuropein-Specific-β-Glucosidase Activity Marks the Early Response of Olive Fruits (Olea europaea) to Mimed Insect Attack

Olive fruits are seriously deteriorated by pre and postharvest damage due to the attack of insects, such as Bactrocera olaea, which strongly alters the quality of olives. Defence response in olive fruits injured both by pathogens and by mechanical damages has been associated with the enzyme β-glucosidase, which specifically hydrolyses oleuropein, producing highly reactive aldehyde molecules. In situ detection of β-glucosidase activity in olive fruit tissues following injury, which simulates Bactrocera oleae punctures, is reported. The assay was performed in two cultivars showing different degrees of susceptibilities to fly infestation. In both cultivars, the histochemical assay for β-glucosidase showed that within 20 min after the injury, a strong β-glucosidase activity could be observed in the damaged tissues. Thereafter a progressive enzyme inactivation occurred starting from tissues around the boundary of the injury with decrease of the enzyme activity and stopped after 3h. Whereas the mass of active celsreached a distance of (300±50)μm from the edge of the injury. Biochemical analyses showed that in extracts of the injured fruit, β-glucosidase activity rapidly increased within 20 min from injury, thereafter decreasing and reaching values comparable with those in intact fruits. Following puncture, the oleuropein contents did not change significantly in the high susceptibility cultivar, whereas it rapidly decreased in the cultivar showing low susceptibility. The results strongly suggest that olive fruits susceptible towards fly infestation could be related to the ability of the oleuropein-degrading-β-glucosidase to produce the highly reactive molecules in the damaged tissues. As a consequence of puncture, high level of peroxidase activity was detected. This feature also suggested that this enzyme could play a key role in the defence response against insect injuries.     

橘小实蝇个体食量测定

橘小实蝇在有选择取食的情况下更倾向于倒挂取食,在无选择性取食的情况下位置对取食无影响(P>0.05).橘小实蝇对染料的排空试验结果表明,甲酚红和荧光素钠在4 h内即可到达后肠,通过染料J-管技术测得橘小实蝇取食量在2 h内就能达到最大,所以在测定橘小实蝇食量时饲喂时间以2 h为宜.染料J-管技术测定结果表明:3日龄和6日龄雌雄橘小实蝇2 h内个体食量分别为(4.0412±0.3348)、(3.4409±0.1132)、(5.6543±0.2852)、(4.6808±0.2654)g.