旅游对清西陵古油松林节肢动物群落结构及其多样性的影响

2005年5~10月对清西陵古油松林的节肢动物群落进行了调查,分析了古油松林节肢动物群落组成结构和多样性,讨论了旅游干扰对古油松林节肢动物群落的影响。结果表明,旅游活动对古油松林节肢动物群落的结构和多样性有显著影响,从而为保护和合理利用古油松资源提供理论依据。     

印楝种子品质性状的遗传多样性及稳定性分析

在云南印楝资源全面调查的基础上,以实生株系的种子为研究对象,运用HPLC技术分析种子印楝素组分含量,采用描述统计、方差分析、系统聚类和重复力估计,定性、定量分析印楝实生株系种子品质的遗传多样性及稳定性。结果表明:云南引种栽培印楝实生株系的种子品质存在广泛变异,种子印楝素A、B、AB含量和印楝素A与印楝素B含量比的变异幅度分别为0.28% 0.85%、0.04% 0.39%、0.37% 1.15%和1.698.25;种子印楝素A、B、AB含量分为3个类型:高含量型(azA ≥ 0.69%、azB ≥ 0.25%、azAB ≥ 0.92%)、低含量型(azA ≤ 0.44%、azB ≤ 0.10%、azAB ≤ 0.51%)和中等含量型(azA=0.68% 0.45%、azB=0.24% 0.11%、azAB=0.91% 0.52%);按此标准将高印楝素AB含量型分为"印楝素AB优异型(azAB ≥ 1.15%)"、"印楝素A优、B劣型"(azA ≥ 0.85%、azB ≤ 0.21%)、"印楝素A劣、B优型"(azA ≤ 0.67%、azB ≥ 0.39%)和"印楝素AB含量高型"(azAB=1.05% 0.92%);反映在重复力上,印楝实生株系种子印楝素A、AB的重复力分别为0.2063、0.3252,都属于"中"重复力性状。"印楝素AB优异型"即具有优异种子品质性状的植株是印楝药用原料林培育的繁殖材料;"印楝素A优、B劣型"和"印楝素A劣、B优型"即种子品质性状优缺点互补的植株是药用印楝品质育种的杂交亲本。     

突出特色发挥优势推进大型丛生竹产业化——云南省开发特色竹产业的理论与实践

云南省热带大型丛生竹林景观、珍稀特有竹种资源均为国内外之首 ,民族竹文化资源丰富多彩 ,但与省外相比在长期以来产业开发却明显滞后。近年来 ,云南竹类研究取得了丰硕成果 ,全社会对竹产业开发认识不断提高 ,竹产业综合开发取得了明显进展。本文系统总结了云南竹类研究和竹产业开发的成果和存在问题 ,提出并探讨了切实保护竹类多样性、大力开发民族竹文化资源、推进大型丛生竹产业化、发展特色竹产业的明确目标和具体措施。     

雾灵山自然保护区森林群落的聚类与排序

采用有聚合的最长距离法、离差平方和法和ＰＣＡ排序，并结合定性分析，对雾灵山自然保护区的森林植被进行了分类。结果将６９个样地划分为１２个群系和２４个群丛组。     

Comparison between old-growth stands and secondary stands regenerating after clear-felling in warm-temperate forests of Yakushima, southern Japan

In order to infer successional changes in structure, species composition and diversity of warm-temperate forest, we compared secondary stands regenerating after clear-felling (41–64-years old) with old-growth stands at altitudes between 300 and 800 m on Yakushima Island, southern Japan. Stem density and maximum stem diameter differed between secondary and old-growth stands, but basal area and aboveground biomass did not. At lower altitudes, the dominant species in old-growth stands with a strong sprouting capacity (Castanopsis cuspidata) also dominated secondary stands, and species composition of secondary and old-growth stands was similar. At higher altitudes, by contrast, the dominant species in old-growth stands (Distylium racemosum) had little sprouting capacity and was poorly represented in diverse secondary stands, which were dominated by Castanopsis or other less abundant species. Secondary stands had greater species diversity (Shannon–Wiener index) than old-growth stands, particularly at higher altitudes. This was due to greater species richness resulting from higher stem density per area, but not to greater evenness. We grouped the component species that share ecologically similar traits into four guilds (fagaceous, primary evergreen, secondary evergreen and deciduous species). Secondary stands were characterized by greater numbers of deciduous and secondary evergreen species. We concluded that different sprouting capacities of dominant species and different regeneration traits among guilds are responsible for the change in species composition and diversity during succession.     

郑州市绿地景观多样性研究

介绍了景观生态学理论中景观多样性的分析方法理论，并在调查的基础上，首次对郑州市绿地系统景观多样性相关指数进行了计算、分析和评价。研究表明，郑州城市绿地系统绿地景观多样性指数为2．08，与理论最大值相差0．5，说明绿地类型面积分布不够均匀，存在一定的改善空间。分城区研究表明，二七区的绿地景观中不同程度地受到某一种类型的控制，绿地景观类型面积分布很不平衡；新建城区存在绿地类型不全，绿地系统生态功能不能很好实现，应建设更多绿地类型。     

福建省不同植物群落物种组成及多样性分析

应用物种多样性指数、均匀度和丰富度指数等指标测定福建省阔叶林物种多样性。结果表明:阔叶林在福建省树种中占重要地位,其中硬阔类树种的优势地位更为明显;福建省阔叶林物种分布较均匀,植被保护较完整。     

中国竹子多样性及其利用评述

本文评述我国竹子种类、群落、遗传和利用等4个方面多样性，并探讨竹类资源多样性利用存在的问题及对策，为我国竹类资源多样性开发利用提供依据。     

The performance of community organisers in promotion of community forestry in Leyte Province,Philippines

A study was conducted to assess the role and effectiveness of community organisers in supporting the development of people’s organisations in achieving community-based forest management objectives in Leyte Province Philippines. Community organisers were found to be effective in forming people’s organisations (POs), motivating people to participate in voluntary activities organised by POs and encouraging cohesiveness among PO members. Community organisers manage to raise the level of environmental awareness and knowledge of members of people’s organisations, develop leadership interest and skills, create various livelihood opportunities and provide direction and facilitate the establishment of large tree plantations. However, the short duration of community organisers’ contracts (typically two years) is insufficient to establish mature and cohesive POs prepared to assume management on their own, including the management of tree plantations. Further, lack of training and funding support, low wages, delayed payment of salaries and limited time to work with people’s organisations, as well as the pressure to produce tangible outputs such the establishment of large tree plantations, prevents them from placing greater emphasis on the development and empowerment of the people.     

巨桉种源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分子标记方法对巨桉11个种源80个个体进行了遗传变异的比较分析.通过20个10bp随机引物的扩增,共检测到149个位点,其中89个为多态性标记位点,总的多态位点百分率为59.73%.各个种源多态位点百分率较高,为42.86%～55.89%,多态位点最多的是8号种源,最低的是6号种源.Shannon表型多样度估测值的统计表明,遗传多样性主要存在种源内部.遗传变异在种源间占28.74%,在种源个体间占71.26%.Shannon表型多样度估测值在种源间为0.1720～0.2650,平均为0.2373.8号种源的遗传多样性最高,6号种源的遗传多样性最低;种源间的遗传距离为0.0391～0.1344,平均为0.0817.这些遗传变异为巨桉优良种源的早期选择提供了科学依据.