小麦品种抗耐黄矮病性鉴定初步研究

1983—1987年田间人工鉴定4211份主要小麦品种资源材料,对黄矮病的反应虽有不同程度差异,但无免疫品种。症状表现最为抗病并且较为稳定的是远缘杂交小麦品种中4、中5、多年生1号及普通小麦品种复壮30号。小麦品种抗耐黄矮病性与其症状表现不一定一致,需结合被害损失综合鉴定。     

Genetic analysis of resistance in barley to barley yellow dwarf virus

The inheritance of resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) was studied in the selected 24 spring and winter barley cultivars that showed a high or intermediate resistance level in 1994‐97 field infection tests. The polymerase chain reaction diagnostic markers YLM and Ylp were used to identify the resistance gene Yd2. The presence of the Yd2 gene was detected with both markers in all the resistant spring barley cultivars and lines from the CIMMYT/ICARDA BYDV nurseries. The results of field tests and genetic analyses in winter barley corresponded with marker analyses only when the Ylp marker was used. Genes non‐allelic with Yd2 were detected by genetic analyses and the Ylp marker in moderately resistant spring barley cultivars ‘Malvaz’, ‘Atribut’ and ‘Madras’, and in the winter barley cultivars ‘Perry’ and ‘Sigra’. Significant levels of resistance to BYDV were obtained by combining the resistance gene Yd2 with genes detected in moderately resistant cultivars. The utilization of analysed resistance sources in barley breeding is discussed.     

Analysis of wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium derivatives with BYDV-resistance

Chromosome compositions of seven lines, derived from hybrids between a wheat cultivar and the wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium addition line Z6, with barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistance, were determined by genomic in situ hybridization, cytogenetic and SSR assays. The results showed that line N522 was a disomic addition line, lines N420 and N439 were 2Ai-2(2B) chromosome substitution lines, lines N431 and N452 were 2Ai-2(2D) chromosome substitution lines, line N523 was a 2Ai-2S(2D) ditelosomic substitution line, and line N530 was a double ditelosomic line with the mitotic chromosome number of 2n = 40 + 4t. One pair of telosomes in line N530 lacked several proximal SSR markers of chromosome 2AS, but possessed certain terminal markers, which were consistent with an acrocentric structure, and the other pair of chromosome arms were presumably 2Ai-2S telosomes with BYDV-resistance. These wheat-Th. intermedium lines provide useful genetic resources for developing alien chromosome translocation lines.     

辐射外源DNA导入小麦诱变效果的研究——后代品系籽粒贮藏蛋白分析和大麦黄矮病抗性鉴定

通过花粉管通道法将受照射的中 5DNA(小偃麦异源 8倍体 ,抗大麦黄矮病 )导入到受体小麦新克旱 9,在D3～D5 代获得了稳定的 5 4个品系。对其籽粒醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白进行电泳出现 3种变异类型 :第 1种类型为新谱带的出现或原有谱带的丢失 ;第 2种类型为供体谱带的出现 ;第 3种类型为谱带强度 (深或浅 )发生变化。根据农艺性状和籽粒贮藏蛋白电泳结果 ,精选 2 0份进行毒蚜接种 ,鉴定大麦黄矮病抗性 ,其中有 7个品系中抗黄矮病 ;1个品系 (97K1 0 77)高抗黄矮病。可初步认为供体中 5的抗大麦黄矮病基因已转化成功     

Development and characterization of common wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium translocation lines with resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus

We developed some wheat-Th. intermedium translocation lines,Yw642, Yw443 and Yw243, etc., showing good BYDV resistance from L1by induced homoeologous pairing using CS ph mutant. Characterization ofthese wheat lines was carried out by GISH and RFLP analysis. The resultsof GISH showed that the lines, YWw42, Yw443 and Yw243, etc., arehomozygous wheat-Th. intermedium translocation lines, in which thechromosome segments of Th. intermedium were transferred to thedistal end of a pair of wheat chromosomes. RFLP analysis indicated that thetranslocation chromosome of the wheat lines is T7DS · 7DL-7XL. Thebreakpoint of the translocation is located on the distal end of 7DL, betweenXpsr965 and Xpsr680 about 90–99 cm from the centromere. The BYDVgene is located on the distal end of 7XL around Xpsr680, Xpsr687 andXwg380. The RFLP markers of psr680, psr687 and wg380 werecosegregated with the BYDV resistance respectively and could be used formolecular assisted selection (MAS) in wheat breeding program for BYDVresistance.     

冬小麦抗大麦黄矮病毒与丰产性遗传研究

利用 3个抗大麦黄矮病毒 (BYDV)冬小麦材料作母本、4个丰产性品种作父本 ,采用 3× 4不完全双列杂交 ,研究分析其抗病性和丰产性遗传特点结果表明 ,抗病性状和产量性状的遗传均符合加性 显性遗传模型 ,以加性基因效应占绝对优势 ;抗病与高产二性状呈负相关 ,应以耐病高产为选择目标 ;抗病母本应具有较高的一般配合力和较低的特殊配合力方差 ,丰产父本应具有较高的特殊配合力方差。     

小麦抗黄矮病基因遗传特性研究

采用 3× 4不完全双列杂交 ,对 2个遗传背景不同组合 5个世代进行GAV株系接种鉴定结果表明 ,抗大麦黄矮病毒 (BYDV)遗传存在加性、显性和上位性效应 ,以加性效应占绝对优势 ,遗传决定度为 90 %以上 ,狭义遗传力为 75 %～ 83% ;后代表型变异因亲本的遗传背景不同而异 ,其平均抗性和分离程度与父本抗性值及其变异系数密切相关。     

Genetic variation for tolerance or resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus in durum wheat

Summary One durum wheat line (Triticum durum), cv. 82PCD476, with useful BYDV tolerance or resistance, was singled out of 5 152 lines evaluated between 1979 and 1986. A few other lines such as cv. Boohai and cv. 12th IDSN 227, slightly inferior to cv. 82PCD476, also showed some value. With an hybrid of cv. 12th IDSN227 with the susceptible cv. 84PCY-S531, broad-sense heritability values of 0.37–0.41 were obtained for symptoms and a heritability value of 0.55 was obtained for the total weight of spikes. The weight of spikes was considered as a good indicator of wheat tolerance to BYDV. Although BYDV resistance or tolerance genes are not very common in durum wheat, sources of heritable resistance could be found. However, the resistance ofT. aestivum to BYDV was superior to the one found inT. durum.Cintribution no. 323     

Management of yellow dwarf disease in Europe in a post‐neonicotinoid agriculture

Barley/cereal yellow dwarf viruses (YDVs) cause yellow dwarf disease (YDD), which is a continuous risk to cereals production worldwide. These viruses cause leaf yellowing and stunting, resulting in yield reductions of up to 80%. YDVs have been a consistent but low‐level problem in European cereal cultivation for the last three decades, mostly due to the availability of several effective insecticides (largely pyrethroids and more recently neonicotinoids) against aphid vectors. However, this has changed recently, with many insecticides being lost, culminating in a recent European Union (EU) regulation prohibiting outdoor use of the neonicotinoid‐insecticide compounds. This change is coupled with the growing challenge of insecticide‐resistant aphids, the lack of genetic resources against YDVs, and a knowledge deficit around the parameters responsible for the emergence and spread of YDD. This means that economic sustainability of cereal cultivation in several European countries including France and United Kingdom is now again threatened by this aphid‐vectored viral disease. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the YDV pathosystem, describe management options against YDD, analyse the impacts of the neonicotinoid ban in Europe, and consider future strategies to control YDV. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

中国小麦黄矮病的发生及综合防控研究进展

小麦黄矮病是中国小麦上的重要病害之一,由麦蚜持久性传播大麦黄矮病毒引起,具有间歇式流行的特点.为了综合运用小麦黄矮病各种防控措施.本文综述了小麦黄矮病在中国的发生及流行因素、蚜虫及小麦黄矮病的预测预报、抗病品种培育、化学防治、农业防治等方面的研究,并展望了未来的研究和防治策略,即寻找和利用多种抗黄矮病(BYDV)基因,培育具有优良农艺性状的多聚品种;综合运用各种防控措施进行蚜虫防治,切断BYDV的传播;筛选和研发病毒抑制剂,特别是对环境无污染的植物源和微生物源病毒抑制荆,减轻BYDV对小麦的危害.