Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infections in dairy herds: self clearance and the detection of seroconversions against a new atypical pestivirus

The epidemiology of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) was studied in a population of small dairy herds that had not been vaccinated. Bulk tank milk samples of 186 herds in Thailand were collected four times between 2002 and 2004. Serum samples from individual animals in 11 herds were also taken on three occasions. The prevalence of BHV-1 in the 186 herds was 61% in 2002, decreasing to 48% in 2004 and for BVDV was 91% in 2002, decreasing to 72% in 2004. A BVDV antigen-positive calf was found in one of the 11 herds, and animals in this herd and three other herds seroconverted to a recently described atypical BVDV strain (HoBi). This study showed a significantly decreasing prevalence for both BHV-1 and BVDV due to a self-clearance process. Further studies are needed to find out how the atypical BVDV strain entered the cattle population.     

新疆部分规模奶牛场牛病毒性腹泻病的流行情况调查与防控措施

为了解新疆地区部分规模奶牛场牛病毒性腹泻病(BVD)的流行情况,优化防控措施,以达到建设防控净化场的目的,自2020年11月到2021年7月累计采集新疆5个地区16个奶牛场共计26997份血清、3843份犊牛耳组织进行全群普检.通过使用IDEXX公司牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)抗原检测试剂盒检测及RT-PCR复检结合测...     

青蒿素与牛病毒性腹泻病毒NS5B蛋白的分子对接预测及其抗病毒作用

【目的】 采用分子对接以及体外试验确定青蒿素对牛病毒性腹泻病毒（Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV）复制的抑制作用,为抗病毒药物和制剂开发提供新思路。【方法】 以BVDV-NS5B蛋白为作用靶点,通过PDB数据库检索蛋白三维晶体结构,并对其结构进行适当修饰处理;检索TCMSP数据库中的青蒿素结构,应用Autodock软件将两者进行分子对接及结合能打分。随后采用CCK-8试剂盒测定青蒿素对MDBK细胞的最大安全浓度;将选定浓度的青蒿素进行梯度稀释,采用先加病毒后加药物、先加药物后加病毒、中药和病毒同时作用的3种不同加药方式进行药物抗病毒试验,确定对病毒的最佳药物抑制浓度、预防浓度和杀灭浓度。应用实时荧光定量PCR法检测3种药物作用方式下BVDV的拷贝数,进一步明确药物对BVDV复制的作用。【结果】 分子对接数据表明青蒿素与BVDV-NS5B存在相互作用,结合自由能为-28.6748 kJ/mol。青蒿素在MDBK细胞上的最佳药物安全浓度为100 μmol/L。3种作用方式下青蒿素浓度为100 μmol/L时均可有效影响BVDV的复制,青蒿素对BVDV的抑制作用最为明显。【结论】 青蒿素可与BVDV-NS5B蛋白靶点互作,并能在MDBK细胞上有效抑制BVDV的复制,本研究为抗BVDV中药筛选奠定了基础。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒NS3蛋白纳米抗体的筛选及反应原性检测

本研究旨在获得高效特异性的牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)NS3(P80)非结构蛋白的纳米抗体。用BVDV灭活疫苗免疫羊驼,测得抗体效价后分离全血中的淋巴细胞。通过噬菌体展示技术构建羊驼重链抗体可变区噬菌体展示文库。经过连续3次吸附-洗脱-扩增的生物筛淘,从中挑选出与BVDV-NS3蛋白结合的噬菌体。对经菌液PCR、琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定到的单域抗体(VHH)克隆进行基因测序和同源性比对。用ELISA方法验证筛选出的纳米抗体的反应原性,找到与BVDV-NS3蛋白亲和力高的纳米抗体。结果表明,获得插入率为92.8%、库容为1.84×1014 CFU/mL的噬菌体展示文库。ELISA结果和氨基酸序列分析显示,成功得到1条与BVDV-NS3蛋白具有良好反应性且与VHH同源性较高的纳米抗体序列。本研究利用大肠杆菌成功表达BVDV-NS3抗原蛋白,建立BVDV纳米抗体噬菌体展示文库,筛选到针对BVDV重要抗原蛋白相应的纳米抗体且与VHH同源性较高。试验结果为牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病的防控、诊断、治疗及纳米抗体药物的研制提供参考。     

Establishment and Application of LAMP Detection Method of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

Since the 5'UTR gene (GenBank No.:AY278459.1) had 4 isolated regions,we designed a set of 4 LAMP primers to specifically recognize target gene sequences.This study developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for detecting BVDV,using the pyrophosphate magnesium white precipitate for Real-time detection in LAMP reaction process of turbidity instrument,Real-time monitor liquid turbidity to determine result.The whole reaction lasted only 50 minutes at a constructed temperature of 63 ℃ to evaluate specificity,sensibility and repeatability of the method.The result demonstrated that the LAMP assay could only react with BVDV,its specificity was high;It could detect at least 10^-6-fold diluted samples,which was 100 more sensitive than PCR assay;And repeatability was good.The simple,rapid,high siensitivity and specificity LAMP assay was a potential tool for the detection of BVDV in field conditions.     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒基因组结构与蛋白功能研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻病毒为黄病毒科(Flaviviridae)瘟病毒属(Pestivirus)的代表种,这个属的成员中还包括羊边界病毒(BDV)和猪瘟病毒(CSFV)。病毒基因组为单股正链RNA。论文就牛病毒性腹泻病毒已定位的4种结构蛋白、8种非结构蛋白以及3′和5′非翻译区的基因结构特征及其编码蛋白的合成与功能研究进行了综述,为牛病毒性腹泻的防控和疫苗研制提供参考。     

Failure to Remove Bovine Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) from Bull Semen by Swim up and other Separatory Sperm Techniques Associated with in vitro Fertilization

Semen samples, collected from bulls pesistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and containing BVDV (titer 10⁵ - 10⁶TCID₅₀/ml), were subjected to sperm separation procedures (washing, swim up, Percoll gradient, glass wool filtration, glass beads filtration) that are commonly used prior to in vitro fertilization (IVF) to determine if these procedures would yield spermatozoa free from BVDV. The final sperm pellets from frozen and fresh ejaculates were tested for the presence of BVDV by the immunoperoxidase technique; all tests were positive for BVDV in the range of 10³ - 10⁴TCID₅₀/ml). The study shows that when semen containing BVDV at the level of 10⁵ - 10⁶TCID₅₀/ml) is used for IVF, the virus is not completely removed by any of the simple physical methods commonly used to prepare sperm for IVF. Inhalt: Feldversuch das bovine Diarrhoe Virus (BVDV) aus Bullensperma durch Swim up oder andere Trennverfahren in Verbindung mit der In vitro Fertilisation zu entfernen Spermaproben, die von Bullen gewonnen wurden, welche dauerhaft mit dem Virus der bovinen Virus-Diarrhoe (BVDV) infiziert waren und einen Titer zwischen 10⁵ - 10⁶TCID₅₀/ml enthielten, wurden verschiedenen Trennverfahren unterzogen (Waschen, swim up, Percoll gradient, Glaswollenfiltration, Glaskugelfiltration). Diese Verfahren werden üblicherweise für die Vorbereitung zur In vitro Befruchtung verwendet, und es sollte geprüft werden, ob diese Verfahren auch das Sperma von dem BVD-Virus befreien können. Das endgültige Spermapellet von gefrorenen/aufgetauten und frischen Ejakulaten wurde in Gegenwart des BVD-Virus und mit Hilfe der immunoperoxidase Technik getestet. Alle Testergebnisse waren positiv für BVD-Virus in einem Bereich von 10³ - 10⁴ TCID₅₀/ml. Die Studie zeigt, daß Sperma, wenn es 10⁵-10⁶TCID₅₀/ml des Virus enhält, nicht vollständig mit den für die IVF üblichen, einfachen physikalischen Methoden von dem Virus befeit werden kann.     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒E2基因在毕赤酵母GS115中的表达与鉴定

将牛病毒性腹泻病毒(Bovine viral diarrhoea-mucosal disease virus,BVDV)河北分离株HB-bd毒株E2基因去除跨膜区获得sE2基因,将sE2基因克隆入巴斯德毕赤酵母(P.pastoris)分泌型表达载体pPIC9K中,筛选培养后提取阳性重组质粒,经酶切和PCR鉴定,命名为pPIC9K-sE2。重组质粒pPIC9K-sE2经SalⅠ酶切后,电穿孔导入P.pastorisGS115基因进行整合,使外源基因sE2稳定地整合到P.pastoris染色体中,G418筛选得到阳性高拷贝转化子GS115-pPIC9K-sE2。经甲醇诱导表达后,sE2融合蛋白获得了表达,表达产物经SDS-PAGE、Western-blot和Dot-ELISA分析,确定其表达的sE2融合蛋白相对分子质量大小为37 000,且具有天然蛋白的抗原特异性。免疫活性研究证明,P.pastoris表达的sE2蛋白能刺激动物产生抗体。     

Factors affecting sensitivity and specificity of pooled-sample testing for diagnosis of low prevalence infections

Testing of pooled samples has been proposed as a low-cost alternative for diagnostic screening and surveillance for infectious agents in situations where the prevalence of infection is low and most samples can be expected to test negative. The present study extends our previous work in pooled-sample testing (PST) to evaluate effects of the following factors on the overall PST sensitivity (SE_k) and specificity (SP_k): dilution (pool size), cross-contamination, and cross-reaction. A probabilistic model, in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulations, was used to calculate SE_k and SP_k, as applied to detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) persistently infected (PI) animals using RT-PCR. For an average prevalence of BVDV PI of 0.01 and viremia in each animal between 10² and 10⁷ virus particles/mL, the pool size associated with the lowest number of tests, and lowest cost, corresponded to eight samples/pool. However, the least-cost pool size (lowest number of tests) was associated with a SE_k of 0.90 (0.75–1), which corresponded to a decrease of 0.04, relative to the assay sensitivity for a single sample. The SP_k for the same pool size, considering the effect of detection of BVDV acutely infected animals and cross-contamination as source of false positive results, was 0.90 (0.85–0.95). The effect of a hypothetical cross-reacting agent was to markedly decrease SP_k, especially as the prevalence of the cross-reacting agent increased. For a pool size of eight samples and a prevalence of the cross-reacting agent of 0.3, SP_k ranged from 0.67 to 0.86, depending on the probability that the assay would detect the cross-reacting agent. The methods presented offer a means of evaluating and understanding the various factors that can influence overall accuracy of PST procedures.