Toxoplasmosis and border disease in 54 Swedish sheep flocks. Seroprevalence and incidence during one gestation period.

Serum samples from 704 animals from 54 Swedish sheep flocks were analysed by ELISA twice during 1 breeding season for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and border disease virus (BDV). An ELISA, originally developed for the detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in cattle, was assessed on sheep sera and the results were compared with those obtained in a virus neutralization test. The correlation between the 2 assays proved good. Before breeding, 132 (19%) sheep in 42 flocks had antibodies to T. gondii and 7 (1%) sheep in 5 flocks were seropositive to BDV. During the observation period 4 sheep seroconverted to T. gondii and 13 to BDV, giving an incidence rate of 0.7% and 1.9% respectively. No clinical signs due to the infections were observed. In 5 flocks the frequency of barrenness, abortion or stillbirths exceeded 5%, 5% and 8%, respectively, but there was no evidence that this was attributable to the agents studied. The proportion of BDV-positive flocks was significantly higher among flocks that had been in contact with cattle than among those that had not.     

抗CP型、NCP型牛病毒性腹泻病毒高免卵黄抗体的制备

本研究采用致细胞病变（cytopathic,CP）型牛病毒性腹泻病毒（bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV）标准毒和非致细胞病变（noncytopathic,NCP）型新疆优势毒株免疫产蛋鸡,用改良PEG法提取卵黄抗体(IgY),并对提取的IgY采用SDS-PAGE检测纯度,间接ELISA检测免疫后每隔7 d的抗体效价,并测定所得抗体对NCP型BVDV的中和效价。结果表明,用该法提取的IgY纯度较高;间接ELISA结果证明,经过4次免疫后,抗CP型BVDV的效价达到1∶32000,抗NCP型BVDV的效价达到1∶40000,3个月后再次检测,卵黄抗体效价未见明显下降。最后一次免疫14 d的抗体对NCP型BVDV的中和效价达到1×10_^-3。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒NS3蛋白的生物信息学分析及多表位筛选

本研究旨在对牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）NS3蛋白进行生物信息学分析及T细胞和B细胞表位的筛选。从GenBank数据库中找到NS3蛋白的氨基酸序列,用Expasy ProtParam在线服务器分析所得序列理化性质。使用TMHMM Server分析跨膜结构域,使用DNAStar软件预测NS3蛋白的二级结构,为了更准确地预测蛋白质的二级结构,使用SOPMA分析软件进行了二次预测。使用Phyre2在线服务器预测NS3蛋白的三级结构,并用Raswin软件标出各个元素所处的位置。使用4种预测软件（BCPREDS、ABCpred、BepiPred和SVMTriP）分析NS3蛋白的线性B细胞表位,使用NetMHCⅡpan预测CD4⁺ T细胞表位,使用NetBoLApan和IEDB预测CD8⁺ T细胞表位,将所得到的结果进行T细胞和B细胞表位筛选。结果表明,NS3蛋白质由683个氨基酸组成,分子质量为75 ku,理论等电点（pI）为8.31,化学式为C₃₃₄₇H₅₃₄₆N₉₁₆O₁₀₀₉S₂₈,不稳定系数为35.93,平均亲水性（GRAVY）值为-0.267,表明NS3为稳定性亲水蛋白质。TMHMM结果显示,NS3蛋白不具有跨膜结构域。SOPMA结果表明,在NS3蛋白的二级结构中,α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角和无规则卷曲分别约占30.75%、22.55%、8.35%和38.35%,用DNAStar软件分别标出了α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角和无规则卷曲所处的位置。运用4种不同的B细胞预测软件筛选出8个线性表位：12-16、289-298、349-360、394-407、421-432、489-498、515-525和665-679位氨基酸。用NetMHCⅡpan筛选出4个T细胞表位：248-262、315-320、400-414和482-496位氨基酸。本研究为BVDV NS3蛋白优势抗原的筛选提供了理论依据。     

牛病毒性腹泻病病毒NS3表位串联蛋白表达及抗体间接ELISA方法的建立

为建立一种有效的牛病毒性腹泻病病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)抗体检测方法,作者将BVDVNS3蛋白2个抗原表位的编码核酸序列进行串联,构建重组表达载体pET-30a-EXnN,并在原核表达系统中表达了重组蛋白。选取包含12个表位肽的重组蛋白(r-BVDV-EX6N)作为包被抗原建立NS3蛋白抗体间接ELISA方法。该方法的特异性和稳定性良好,与2种商品化试剂盒的符合率分别为96.05%和78.95%。试验结果表明建立的ELISA方法可用于BVDV NS3蛋白抗体的检测。     

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infections in dairy herds: self clearance and the detection of seroconversions against a new atypical pestivirus

The epidemiology of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) was studied in a population of small dairy herds that had not been vaccinated. Bulk tank milk samples of 186 herds in Thailand were collected four times between 2002 and 2004. Serum samples from individual animals in 11 herds were also taken on three occasions. The prevalence of BHV-1 in the 186 herds was 61% in 2002, decreasing to 48% in 2004 and for BVDV was 91% in 2002, decreasing to 72% in 2004. A BVDV antigen-positive calf was found in one of the 11 herds, and animals in this herd and three other herds seroconverted to a recently described atypical BVDV strain (HoBi). This study showed a significantly decreasing prevalence for both BHV-1 and BVDV due to a self-clearance process. Further studies are needed to find out how the atypical BVDV strain entered the cattle population.     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒、大肠杆菌和奇异变形杆菌混合感染致犊牛腹泻的研究

为确定甘肃省临夏州某奶牛场犊牛腹泻的病因,并提供合适的治疗方案和防控措施,试验采集该牛场13头腹泻犊牛的粪便和血清,通过胶体金技术、ELISA方法、细菌分离鉴定、Kirby-Bauer法分别进行病毒病原学检测、病毒血清学抗体检测、病原菌鉴定和药物敏感性试验。病毒学检测结果显示,13份粪样中未检测出牛轮状病毒（BRV）、牛冠状病毒（BCV）的抗原,牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）抗原阳性率为23.08%（3/13）;未检出BRV和BCV的抗体,BVDV血清学抗体阳性率为38.46%（5/13）。病原菌检测结果显示,13份粪便样品中,分离出13株大肠杆菌和7株奇异变形杆菌。药敏试验表明,分离的大肠杆菌和奇异变形杆菌对20种常规药物均产生了不同程度的耐药,且无对两种细菌均有效的药物。此次犊牛腹泻是由BVDV、大肠杆菌、奇异变形杆菌混合感染引起的,且大肠杆菌和奇异变形杆菌的耐药现象严重,本试验结果为该牛场进一步治疗此次的犊牛腹泻病提供了合理有效的依据。     

抗BVDV卵黄抗体的制备

采用牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)免疫产蛋母鸡,然后用水稀释法成功地从卵黄中分离出抗BVDV免疫球蛋白(抗-BVDV IgY)。建立起测定鸡蛋中特异性抗BVDV活性的间接ELISA方法,并采用此方法检测每次免疫后第10天的抗体滴度。结果表明,蛋鸡在首次免疫后第10天,卵黄中可以检测到抗-BVDV IgY;5次免疫后,抗体效价达到1:6400,半年后仍能维持在该水平。     

牛病毒性腹泻病病毒荧光定量PCR检测体系的建立与评价

基于实时荧光定量PCR技术建立了一种有效地检测牛病毒性腹泻病病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)核酸的方法.对BVDV基因组进行同源比对,选取5'UTR区作为扩增目的区,经软件分析后设计特异扩增引物,扩增片段长度为203 bp.选用SYBR染料作为扩增时信号指示剂,经扩增曲线分析表明,建立的方法可有效地检测BVDV.检测体系可检测到10~2 copies/μL的样品拷贝数.故本研究建立的BVDV实时定量检测体系可用于易感动物,牛源血液生物制品及其他可能感染或污染BVDV样品的检测.