养殖场废弃物处理技术

随着我国养殖业的发展，畜禽排放的粪便量大增，大部分未经处理就直接排放，造成对水源、空气、土壤的严重污染，同时又是资源的极大浪费。     

Effects of lncRNA-GTL2 Transgenosis on Gut Microbiota Composition in Mice

This research was aimed to study whether the lncRNA would have effects on the structure and constitution of the intestinal microbial colonies in mice.High throughout sequencing was used to sequence and analyze the intestinal microbial colonies in both transgenic and non-transgenic mice of three months old.We conducted comparison and t-test at the level of phylum and genus.The result showed that transferred into long non-coding RNA genes GTL2 (lncRNA-GTL2),the mouse intestinal microbial colony structure and composition had no significant differences in the overall,within the same gender,but there were individual differences.Therefore,this study didn't find that long non-coding RNA transfered had a significant impact on the intestinal microflorain the phylum and genus level.     

Effects of Donor Cells Treated with Egg Extracts on the Development Competence of Cloned Embryos

Japanese Balck cattle fetal fibroblasts (JBCFF) were induced with Xenopus leavis egg extracts and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) was carried out with the reprogrammed JBCFF as donor cells in order to investigate their effects on SCNT efficiency.Three samples of egg extracts were acquired from different Xenopus laevis.The protein contents and kinds in extracts were evaluated with BCA Protein Quantification Kit and SDS-PAGE.Concentration of Digitonin to permeabilize JBCFF was optimized and assessed with PI staining.Reprogrammed cells treated with egg extract were used as donor in SCNT.Additionally the reconstructed embryos were activated with ionomycin+6-DMAP and A23187+6-DMAP to compare their effects on the development competence.The protein contents of extracts samples were 56.2255,64.6570 and 71.2158 μg/mL,respectively,the each extract had the same composition about 40-55 and 70-100 ku.The optimal concentration of Digitonin was 7 μg/mL and the permeabilization rate was 55.44%.After extracts treatment and continuous culture for 6-7 d,JBCFF formed well-defined colony structures.No significant composition difference was found in rates of fusion (92.83% vs 96.04%),cleavage (89.64% vs 89.78%) and blastocyst formation (24.06% vs 23.12%) of cloned embryos when the colony cells and JBCFF without extracts treatment were used as donor cells (P>0.05).Similarly,the two activation methods had no significant effect on the developmental competence of cloned embryos (cleavage rate 92.16% vs 92.28%,blastocyst rate 23.21% vs 24.18%).Conclusively,Xenopus leavis,egg extracts could induce JBCFF reprogramming to a low differentiated state.However donor cells with reprogramming partially could not improve the development of cloned embryos and its mechanism requires further research.     

Analysis on Differential Expression Genes in Porcine Aortic Vascular Endothelial Cells Induced by Apolipoprotein C Ⅲ

The aim of this study was to investigate the differential expression genes induced by ApoCⅢ,and study the function of ApoCⅢ.Porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells were successfully isolated using enzyme digestion,and then screened the differential expression genes induced by ApoCⅢ using the Solexa high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed 647 differential expression genes,including 390 up-regulated genes and 257 down-regulated genes.The qRT-PCR results verified that the gene expression results from Solexa sequencing data were reliable.GO and Pathway analysis showed that the function of differential expression genes were related to immune response,cell apoptosis and death.These findings suggested that ApoCⅢ affected the physiological function of porcine aortic endothelial cells by the molecular pathways of inflammation,cell adhesion and apoptosis,which provided a theoretical basis for further understanding the molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis caused by ApoCⅢ.     

Establishment of a Duplex Real-time RT-PCR Assay for the Differential Detection of Nipha Virus and Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

To establish a rapid,sensitive and specific assay for the differential detection of Nipah virus (NiV) and highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV),a duplex Real-time RT-PCR was developed with specific primers and probes targeting to the special sequences of NiV M gene and HP-PRRSV nsp2 gene by optimization of reaction conditions.The performance of the assay was linear ranging from 4.6×10¹ to 4.6×10⁷ copies/μL for RNA standard control of NiV M (NiV-M-RNA) and from 4.1×10¹ to 4.1×10⁸ copies/μL for RNA standard control of HP-PRRSV nsp2 (HP-PRRSV-nsp2-RNA),and detection limits of the assay was 46 copies for the NiV-M-RNA and 4.1 copies for the HP-PRRSV-nsp2-RNA,respectively.The coefficients of variation (CVs) of both inter-assay and intra-assay repeatability were less than 2.0%,showing good repeatability.The assay was able to specifically detect NiV and HP-PRRSV simultaneously without cross-reaction with classical swine fever virus (CSFV),porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV),swine influenza virus (SIV),porcine parvovirus (PPV),pseudorabies virus (PRV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2).Of the 236 samples from pigs for both NiV and HP-PRRSV detection by the established assay,all the samples were negative for NiV,8 samples were HP-PRRSV positive.In conclusion,this assay offers a useful approach for the differential detection of NiV and HP-PRRSV in clinical specimens from the pigs.     

影响育肥猪出栏率的原因分析及对策

影响育肥猪出栏率的原因有多种,主要有杂交优势、仔猪的初生重和断奶仔猪重、饲养方式、饲料中的营养水平以及合理的搭配、饲养管理、以及环境因素,这些都对育肥猪的出栏率起着重要的作用。因此,加强这些方面的管理,对育肥猪的出栏率起着关键作用。     

规模猪场提升仔猪断奶窝重的措施和建议

生猪养殖各阶段中,哺乳仔猪为敏感期,同样为发育最快的时期,此期搞好养殖管理工作,将能确保最大限度的养殖效益.文章自优选优良品种、加强母猪管理和仔猪管理、注意加强环境控制、严格免疫防疫等几个方面,就规模猪场提升仔猪断奶窝重的措施和建议进行阐述和介绍,以供参考和借鉴.     

利用深度测序技术鉴定疑似桑花叶卷叶病感病桑树叶片中的相关病毒

植物通过小干扰RNA(siRNA)介导的RNA干扰机制来防御外来病毒感染,通过对感病植物材料小RNA(sRNA)的深度测序,获得这一过程中产生的与病毒序列高度一致的siRNA序列信息,可以快速地鉴定侵染植物的病毒组成。以采集自浙江省桐乡市桑园疑似感染桑花叶卷叶病(原称桑花叶型萎缩病)的桑树叶片为材料提取总RNA,构建sRNA文库并进行深度测序,对测序得到的总sRNA进行组装后,比对鉴定出桑花叶卷叶病相关病毒(mulberry mosaic leaf roll-associated virus,MMLRa V),并分别得到占MMLRa V 2个组分全基因组14.19%和21.86%的核酸序列。进一步以感病桑叶组织的总RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR扩增获得部分MMLRa V基因组序列,经Sanger测序确定采集的感病桑树叶片中只存在MMLRa V。通过生物信息学方法分析表明,MMLRa V来源siRNA在基因组中的长度分布、5'端碱基偏好性及热点区分布等具有明显特点。研究结果显示,利用siRNA深度测序技术鉴定桑树病毒是非常高效的手段。     

应用手持式近红外光谱仪检测桑椹可溶性固形物含量的偏最小二乘回归模型建立

可溶性固形物含量(SSC)是评价桑椹鲜果品质的重要指标,利用近红外光谱分析技术建立快速、实时无损地检测桑椹鲜果中可溶性固形物的方法。首先用手持式Micro NIR1700型近红外光谱仪采集桑椹的近红外光谱,对光谱进行预处理后,应用偏最小二乘回归(PLS)法建立桑椹鲜果SSC预测模型,并用随机蛙(Random-frog)和自适应重加权采样(CARS)2种方法筛选出最优波长变量,提高PLS模型预测精度。经过1阶求导(1stDer)、标准正态变量变换(SNV)和均值中心化(MNCN)相结合预处理后的全波长光谱PLS模型的预测效果最好,校正集与验证集的相关系数平方(R2)分别为0.916 1和0.925 0,均方根误差分别为0.985 8°Brix和0.654 3°Brix。相较于Random-frog法,用CARS方法优选出19个波长变量,所建PLS模型的预测效果更好,校正集与验证集的R2分别为0.933 2和0.943 4,均方根误差分别为0.782 0°Brix和0.582 8°Brix。研究结果表明,利用手持式Micro NIR 1700型近红外光谱仪结合化学计量学方法,能够用于现场对桑椹鲜果SCC的快速无损检测。     

蜜蜂所在西方蜜蜂种群适应性机制和进化研究领域取得重大突破

正近日,中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所蜜蜂资源与遗传育种研究室石巍研究员带领的研究团队,在分子生物学和进化领域的权威期刊《分子生物与进化(Molecular Biology and Evolution)》(牛津大学出版社,5年累计影响因子:11.667)上发表在线文章,报道了该团队在我国首次发现的西方蜜蜂新亚种西域黑蜂(Ap/s mellifera sinisxinyuan)及运用重测序技术,从基因组水平上揭示的西域蜜蜂对温带气候的环境适应性机制研究。过去普遍认为西方蜜蜂的分布范围在中亚、非洲