不同肥料组合对高油大豆合丰47品质和产量的影响

研究了不同肥料组合对高油大豆合丰47脂肪、蛋白质含量和产量的影响,结果得出,处理B、C、E、G、H、I均具有增加其脂肪含量的作用,处理D、E、F、G、H、I均具有增加其蛋白质含量的作用,处理C、D、F、G、H均具有增加其小区产量的作用,部分处理增加了其单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重。     

十溴联苯醚对土壤中微生物群落结构及土壤潜在硝化功能的影响

采用变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）和寡聚核苷酸探针-荧光原位杂交（FISH）方法研究了十溴联苯醚（BDE209）对土壤中微生物群落的影响作用。结果表明,1mg·kg^-1 BDE209对土壤中微生物群落多样性以及总细菌数有明显的促进作用,土壤中的氨氧化细菌以及亚硝酸氧化菌的数量有显著增长。BDE209浓度达到100mg·kg^-1时,土壤微生物的总数和群落多样性则显著降低,同时氨氧化细菌以及亚硝酸氧化菌的生长也受到明显的抑制。暗室培养45d内,BDE209虽未被降解,但高浓度的十溴联苯醚会对土壤中的微生物群落结构及土壤潜在的硝化作用产生较大影响。     

狼尾草等6种植物对十溴联苯醚污染土壤的生理响应及其修复效果

考察了狼尾草、龙葵、空心菜、苣菜、芥菜和鱼腥草6种植物对土壤中十溴联苯醚（BDE-209）的生理响应及其修复效果。结果表明,在BDE-209污染条件下,供试植物体内丙二醛（MDA）含量升高,表明植物受到一定的毒害作用,而在植物抗逆境机制作用下,植物体内可溶性蛋白质含量升高,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性下降;在供试植物生物量方面,BDE-209对龙葵、空心菜和狼尾草地上部有促进作用,而对苣菜、芥菜具有一定的抑制作用;6种修复植物体内均检测出BDE-209,且地上部与根部BDE-209含量具有显著差异,其中狼尾草根部干重含量高达16.93mg·kg-1;修复60d后,土壤中BDE-209含量均有一定程度的下降,最高去除率可达40.44%,且根际土与非根际土BDE-209去除率有显著差异。修复效果依优劣次序为狼尾草〉龙葵、空心菜〉鱼腥草〉芥菜〉苣菜。     

不同温度下BDE-209对草鱼离体肝脏组织的毒性效应

为探讨不同温度条件下十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)对鱼类的毒性影响,以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)幼鱼离体肝脏组织为试验材料,在肝脏组织匀浆液中加入浓度为0.00、0.04、4.00、400.00μg/L的BDE-209,并将其分别置于低温(15℃)、常温(25℃)、高温(35℃)中水浴60 min,然后检测肝脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性以及丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果显示:低温时各浓度组BDE-209诱导下的SOD、CAT、GR活性与对照组没有显著性差异;常温时BDE-209对SOD、CAT、GR活性具有低浓度诱导高浓度抑制的现象,高温时BDE-209对肝脏组织中CAT、SOD、GR活性造成明显的抑制效应,MDA在不同温度条件下其含量都随BDE-209暴露浓度的升高而升高。研究结果表明:在一定的温度范围内,温度越高,BDE-209对鱼体肝脏组织造成的氧化损伤越大。     

羟基红花黄色素A对雌激素效应相关蛋白表达的影响

目的 探讨羟基红花黄色素A（hydroxysafflor yellow A,HSYA）对雌激素效应相关蛋白表达的影响。方法 培养雌激素受体阳性细胞T47D和特异性雌激素受体（estrogen receptor,ER）阴性细胞SK-BR-3,将1×10^-7mol/L-1×10^-9mol/L三种梯度浓度的HSYA作用于两种细胞,通过蛋白质免疫印迹法检测雌激素受体ERα及ERβ、细胞外调解蛋白激酶1/2（ERK1/2）及p-ERK1/2、孕激素受体（progesterone receptor,PR）、抑癌基因P27等蛋白的表达情况。结果 与空白对照组相比,在T47D细胞中,高浓度的HSYA促进了ERα、ERβ、ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2、PR的表达,抑制了P27的表达（P<0.01）;在SK-BR-3细胞中,HSYA显著抑制了ERK1/2的表达,但对p-ERK1/2的表达影响不明显（P>0.05）。结论 HSYA在细胞内影响雌激素效应相关蛋白的表达情况不同,可能是通过调节ER表达及激活ERK信号通路而发挥雌激素样作用。     

47%氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂对稻茬麦田杂草的防效及安全性

通过田间试验验证47％氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂对麦田杂草的防效及对小麦的安全性。结果表明：47％氯吡·丙·异可湿性粉剂1057．5、1903．5 g a．i．／hm2播后苗前处理后小麦的株高、茎蘖数、鲜质量、有效穗数、穗粒数、理论产量与人工除草处理无显著差异,对小麦安全,且对菵草、繁缕、荠菜等杂草防效较佳。     

The herbicidal mode of action of R-40244 and its absorption by plants

The herbicide R-40244, 1-(m-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-chloro-4-chloromethyl-2-pyrrolidinone, was studied to elucidate its action and absorption by corn (Zea mays L. DeKalb XL-45A) and other plant species. R-40244 readily induced lead chlorosis in susceptible plants at relatively low rates of application. The leaf chlorosis was found to be related to a reduction in chlorophyll and β-carotene content and an accumulation of the β-carotene precursor, phytoene. The phytotoxic action of R-40244 occurred only under light conditions. R-40244 was readily absorbed by plant roots and translocated to foliar tissues. There were no discernible differences in R-40244 absorption between proadleaf and grassy species. However, uptake studies with eight plant species indicated that foliar accumulation tended to occur in susceptible species and root accumulation predominated in tolerant species.     

Fusarium oxysporum Fo47 confers protection to pepper plants against Verticillium dahliae and Phytophthora capsici,and induces the expression of defence genes

The application of the nonpathogenic isolate Fusarium oxysporum 47 (Fo47) reduced the symptoms of verticillium wilt, phytophthora root rot and phytophthora blight in pepper plants. Botrytis cinerea was also tested on the leaves of plants treated with Fo47, but no protection was observed. Verticillium dahliae colonies cultured in the presence of Fo47 grew slower than control cultures, but Phytophthora capsici growth was unaffected by Fo47. At least part of the protection effect observed against V. dahliae could therefore be due to antagonism or competition. In order to search for induced resistance mechanisms, three defence genes previously related to pepper resistance were monitored over time. These genes encode a basic PR‐1 protein (CABPR1), a class II chitinase (CACHI2) and a sesquiterpene cyclase (CASC1) involved in the synthesis of capsidiol, a phytoalexin. These three genes were transiently up‐regulated in the roots by Fo47 in the absence of inoculation with the pathogen, but in the stem only CABPR1 was up‐regulated. In plants that were inoculated with V. dahliae after the Fo47 treatment, the three genes had a higher relative expression level than the control in both the roots and the stem.     

成都麻羊生态特征的研究

成都麻羊的生态特征和其生态条件紧密联系。麻羊产区,在海拔升高、生态条件改变的情况下,麻羊的某些生态特征亦发生相应的变化。如汶川县麻羊的体重、体高、体长、胸围、管围、胸深、胸宽等指标都高于大邑县麻羊,红血球、白血球、血红蛋白和血清钾的量亦较大邑县麻羊为高;汶川县麻羊被毛深厚,粗毛较稀,皮肤变厚,气管粗而长,环状软骨两端问距离大,心脏发育良好;汶川麻羊的消化系统除小肠外,均较大邑麻羊发达;甲状腺和肾上腺发育亦好。此外,成都麻羊的耐热性较差,汗腺属“顶浆分泌型”,但不能排汗。     

乐清湾海域鱼类中多溴联苯醚的分布特征

使用气相色谱-质谱-化学离子源（GC—MS-NCI）检测法对持久性有机污染物多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）的10种同系物（∑10PBDEs）在海洋鱼类（红鲈、黑鲷、鲈鱼）中的含量进行了检测。结果表明,红鲈、黑鲷、鲈鱼肌肉中∑10PBDEs的含量分别为252．6～662．2、454．6～1413．4、147．4-760．5ng／kg湿重（ww）。鱼肌肉样品中BDE47的相对含量最高。鱼肝对多溴联苯醚的富集能力强于鱼肉。