The inheritance of aliphatic glucosinolates was studied in crosses between synthetic B. napus lines and oilseed rape cultivars. Six unlinked loci are described which determine the aliphatic glucosinolate profile of B. napus. One locus regulates the presence or absence of propyl glucosinolates, while another regulates the expression of pentyl glucosinolates. Two loci regulate the removal of the terminal H3CS-group from the amino acid derivative to produce alkenyl glucosinolates as opposed to methylthioalkyl and methylsulphinylalkyl glucosinolates, regardless of the length of the alkyl chain. Likewise, another two loci regulate the hydroxylation of both butenyl and pentenyl glucosinolates. The functional alleles at one of the hydroxylation loci results in significantly more hydroxylation than those at the other locus. The large number of aliphatic glucosinolates which have been described in Brassica thus results from an interaction between genes which regulate side chain elongation and genes which modify the structure of the side chain, regardless of its length. The implications of this study for the biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates, the origin of B. napus and the potential to manipulate the leaf and seed glucosinolate profile of oilseed rape are discussed. 相似文献
A new technique by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC-gel permeation) shows promise as a tool to separate and quantitate the Unsaturated Vitamin B(12) Binding Capacity (UBSC) of the individual Vitamin B(12) binders in blood serum. This method, although not as rapid as protein-coated charcoal or cellulose separation techniques, is more applicable for use with large numbers of samples than gel filtration. The use of a radioactivity detector to monitor the eluant from the column permitted automation of the method. Comparable results for UBBC and for the UBBC of individual binders were obtained when samples were analyzed by gel filtration and HPLC. The HPLC method proved suitably precise and the recovery of added cyanocobalamin was acceptable. It is proposed that HPLC be the method of choice for measurement of the USBC of binders of Vitamin B(12) in blood serum. 相似文献
Although the molluscicide Frescon is a strong neurotoxin to the Lymnaea stagnalis central nervous system in vitro, it is probable that the exposure of the whole animal to this molluscicide fails to result in central nervous system abnormalities: Frescon does not appear to reach the brain in sufficient quantity to disrupt its normal activity. However, only those Frescon analogs found to be neurotoxic were molluscicidal, suggesting some related mode, if not site, of action. Frescon and its analogs may act by affecting excitable tissues other than the nervous system (e.g., the snail musculature) by altering certain functional and/or structural membrane properties. 相似文献
Chicks and chickens maintained under commercial conditions were vaccinated against Newcastle Disease via drinking water. Prior and after different times of vaccination blood samples were drawn from different numbers of birds and checked for HI antibodies. The modes of distribution of the antibody titers within the random sample were assayed. The following results were obtained:
1. 1. On the basis of the distribution of the serum titers can be concluded whether the antibody level within a flock is increasing or decreasing.
◦ —A right steep asymmetry can be observed up to 20 days post vaccination.
◦ —In the phase of maximal antibody levels an almost symmetric distribution of the titers is present.
◦ —In later times (more than three weeks p. vacc.) the distribution shows a left steep asymmetry (Poisson distribution).
2. 2. A poisson distribution is also observable during the elimination of maternal antibodies of chicks until complete elimination.
3. 3. The mode of distribution of the HI titers in sera of day-old chicks correlates with the mode of distribution of the dams. Therefore, conclusions are possible from the status of the chicks to the dams and reverse.
4. 4. Factors which interfere with the mode of distribution are:
◦ —Two or more peaks after vaccination of chickens. This indicates an uneven immune response within the flock.
◦ —Distributions with several peaks may also occur if flocks are composed of day-old chicks from parent flocks with different levels of antibody titers.
Résumé
Des poulets et des poussins maintenus dans un élevage conventionnel furent vaccinés contre la maladie de Newcastle par un vaccin administré dans l'eau de boisson. Avant et à différents temps après vaccination, des échantillons de sang furent prélevés sur un certain nombre de poussins et les anticorps inhibants de l'hémagglutination furent recherchés. Les modes de la distribution des titres en anticorps pour les échantillons pris au hasard furent recherchés. Les résultats suivants furent obtenus:
1. 1. Sur la base de la distribution des titres sériques, on peut conclure si le taux en anticorps à l'intérieur d'une population a augmenté ou diminué.
◦ —Une courbe asymétrique avec un pic déplacé vers la droite peut être observée 20 jours après la vaccination.
◦ —La phase correspondant au taux maximal en anticorps présente une distribution presque normale.
◦ —Plus tard, (au-delà de 3 semaines après la vaccination), la distribution apparaît asymétrique avec un déplacement vers la gauche (distribution de Poisson).
2. 2. Une distribution de Poisson peut aussi être observée au moment de l'élimination des anticorps d'origine maternelle chez des poussins jusqu'à complète élimination.
3. 3. Le mode de distribution des titres en anticorps inhibant l'hémagglutination dans des sérums de poussins d'un jour correspond au mode de distribution observé chez les mères. Des conclusions peuvent donc être faites à partir de l'état immunologique des poussins vis-à-vis des mères et viceversa.
4. 4. Les facteurs qui peuvent intervenir dans le mode de distribution sont:
◦ —Deux pics ou plus après la vaccination des poussins. Ceci indique qu'il existe une réponse immunitaire inégale dans la population.
◦ —Des distributions avec plusieurs pics peuvent être également observées si les populations sont composées de poussins de un jour provenant de populations parentales ayant des taux différents de titres en anticorps.
AIM:To investigate the role of CD134 (OX40) and NF-κB in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN).METHODS:Renal in situ CD134 and NF-κB expression were examined in 40 biopsy specimens from LN patients by immunohistochemistry and microwave-based immunohistochemistry, respectively. The relationship between expression of CD134 and NF-κB was analyzed.RESULTS:The expression of glomerular and tubular CD134 and NF-κB in LN were higher than that in normal control, especially in class Ⅳ LN, where there was intense staining of endothelial cell, distal tubules, and interstitial mononuclear cell. The CD134 expression of glomerular and tubular was closely related to NF-κB expression, respectively (r=0.5542, P<0.05;r=0.6279, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The abnormal expression of costimulatory molecule CD134 was well evidenced in LN. Strong expression of renal in situ NF-κB was likely mediated by CD134 signal pathway, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of LN. 相似文献