利用SSR标记分析野生小豆及其近缘野生植物的遗传多样性

利用28对SSR引物对96份野生小豆资源、小豆近缘野生植物及栽培小豆品种进行遗传多样性分析,共检测到255个等位变异,平均每对SSR引物9.10个,多态信息含量的变异范围从0.374到0.865,平均为0.722。野生小豆材料和近缘植物Vigna minima遗传变异丰富。来自不同地域的野生小豆材料具有大量特异等位变异,基于非加权成组配对算术平均法的聚类分析可将不同地理来源的野生小豆单独分群,且与主坐标分析的结果相一致。4份栽培小豆材料与日本野生小豆遗传距离较近,表明目前国内小豆育种中较多使用了含有日本血缘的小豆材料,以及国内野生小豆资源的搜集和利用工作落后于日本。本研究对国内野生小豆资源的搜集和保存具有指导意义,并可以为这些资源的评价、利用和优异基因的发掘提供参考。     

N<Subscript>2</Subscript> fixation by faba bean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vicia faba</Emphasis> L.) in a gypsum-amended sodic soil

The response of faba bean to the application of four rates of gypsum (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 t ha⁻¹) to a non-saline, alkaline sodic soil was measured in terms of grain yield, dry matter (DM) production, N accumulation and the proportional dependence of the legume on symbiotic N₂ fixation (P _atm). A yield-independent, time-integrated ¹⁵N-dilution model was used to estimate symbiotic dependence. A significant decrease in the exchangeable sodium percentage and significant increases in exchangeable Ca⁺⁺ and the Ca⁺⁺:Mg⁺⁺ ratio in the 0–10-cm soil layer were measured 30 months after application of 10 t ha⁻¹ gypsum. Despite low and erratic rainfall during crop growth, faba bean DM and N uptake responded positively to gypsum application. The symbiotic dependence of the legume at physiological maturity was little affected by sodicity (P _atm = 0.74 at zero gypsum and 0.81–0.82 at 2.5–10 t ha⁻¹ gypsum). The increase in fixed N due to gypsum application was mainly due to increases in legume DM and total N uptake. At 10 t ha⁻¹ of gypsum, faba bean fixed more than 200 kg N ha⁻¹ in above-ground biomass.     

小豆产量与主要产量性状关系的研究

应用灰色系统理论对小豆产量与产量性状进行了综合分析。结果表明,小豆产量与主要产量性状的关联度大小依次为：单株粒数、单株荚数、单株粒重、百粒重、单荚粒数和主茎分枝数。     

Response of broiler finishers to diets containing graded levels of processed castor oil bean (Ricinus communis L) meal

A 4‐week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of graded levels of dehulled and cooked castor oil bean (Ricinus communis L) meal on the performance of broiler finishers. Castor oil bean seeds were dehulled and detoxified by cooking in two stages at 100 °C for 50 min per cooking. Sixty 6‐week‐old broiler birds (Anak strain) were randomly divided into four groups of 15 birds each. The groups were fed four isocaloric (2.90 Mcal of metabolizable energy/kg) and isonitrogenous (21% crude protein) diets containing 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% dehulled and cooked castor oil bean meal (CBM) for 4 weeks. Results showed that there were significant (p < 0.05) differences among treatments in average daily feed intake, final body weight, average daily weight gain (ADWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). Birds fed diets containing 0% and 10% CBM had significantly (p < 0.05) higher feed intake than birds on 15% and 20% CBM diets. The lowest feed intake was recorded at the 20% CBM inclusion level. The highest ADWG was observed in birds fed 0% CBM diet, but this was not significantly (p > 0.05) different from the ADWG of birds on 10% CBM diet. Birds fed diets containing10% and 15% levels of CBM had similar and non‐significant (p > 0.05) ADWG. Birds fed 20% CBM diet had the least (p < 0.05) ADWG. Birds fed 0%, 10% and 15% CBM diets had similar FCR and this was significantly (p < 0.05) lower and better than that of birds on 20% CBM diet. The least (p < 0.05) PER was observed in birds fed 20% CBM diet. Birds fed 20% CBM diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher packed cell volume (PCV) than birds on 10% and 15% CBM diets. Birds fed 0%, 10% and 15% CBM diets had similar (p > 0.05) PCV values. Birds fed diets containing 0%, 10% and 15% levels of CBM had similar and significantly (p < 0.05) lower heamoglobin than birds fed 20% CBM diets. There were also significant (p < 0.05) differences among treatments in dry matter (DM), nitrogen, ether extract (EE) and nitrogen‐free extract (NFE) retention. Birds fed 0% CBM diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher retention of DM, nitrogen and NFE than birds on 10%, 15% and 20% CBM diets. Birds fed 10% CBM diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher DM, nitrogen and NFE retention than birds on 15% and 20% CBM diets. The lowest retention of DM, nitrogen and NFE was recorded at the 20% CBM inclusion level. Birds fed 0% CBM diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher EE retention than birds on 15% and 20% CBM diets. The lowest EE retention was observed at the 20% CBM inclusion level. The results of the study indicate that up to 10% dehulled and cooked CBM can be included in broiler finisher rations for optimum performance.     

蓖麻碱粗提物对麦蚜的生物活性研究

用水提法从蓖麻籽壳中提取蓖麻碱粗提物,采用浸渍法对麦蚜进行杀虫试验。结果表明:1005、0 mg/ml的蓖麻碱粗提液对麦蚜具有一定的杀虫效果,12.56、.25 mg/ml蓖麻碱粗提液对麦蚜的杀虫效果不明显。对蚜虫48 h的毒力回归方程为:y=1.342 7x+1.649 9,LC50=312.64 mg/ml,r=0.972**;72 h的回归方程为:y=2.629 4x+0.376 9,LC50=57.31 mg/ml,r=0.942 9*。     

酶法提取豆渣水溶性膳食纤维的研究

为了提高豆渣水溶性膳食纤维的得率,通过正交试验确定了提取水溶性膳食纤维的最佳工艺。研究结果表明,当纤维素酶添加量为4%,加水量为25mL/g,反应时间为2h,反应温度为50℃,反应pH值为5时,水溶性膳食纤维得率为13.7%,达到最大。     

青海12号蚕豆栽培技术优化研究

采用二次饱和D－最优化设计,以肥料（x1）、密度（x2）与打顶期（x3）等3项蚕豆主要农艺措施为试验变量,建立青海12号蚕豆产量与主要变量的数学模型,以模型为基础,分析各因素对青海12号蚕豆产量的影响效应,并决策优化栽培方案,为丰产栽培技术规范制定提供依据。     

旱作绿豆组合覆盖的增产机理

针对陕北黄土高原丘陵沟壑区干旱少雨的特点,连续3 a对绿豆进行不同组合覆盖对比试验,对旱作绿豆组合覆盖的土壤水分、温度、养分等对绿豆生长、发育及产量有影响的环境因素进行动态监测.结果表明,不同组合覆盖措施均能显著提高土壤含水率,可降解地膜覆盖在绿豆生长后期的土壤温度明显低于常规地膜,降解膜侧播种措施较对照增产66.2%,居各措施之首.阐述了不同组合覆盖措施下绿豆的增产机理.     

高压静电场对鲜切绿豆芽品质的影响

以鲜切绿豆芽为原料,与酸处理对比,研究不同电场处理条件下绿豆芽的感官品质、大肠菌群和细菌总数的变化。结果表明：在电场强度150kV/m下处理20min能较好地抑制鲜切豆芽褐变,同时抑制微生物的生长,较好地保持了豆芽的品质。     

云南怒江普通菜豆地方种质资源遗传多样性研究

利用从云南怒江地区收集的18份地方品种普通菜豆种质资源和从昆明收集的2份栽培品种,对20份材料采用形态学观察和RAPD分析,研究了云南怒江地区普通菜豆地方品种种质资源的遗传多样性和种内亲缘关系及其一些农艺性状,为普通菜豆种质资源优良基因发掘和优良品种选育提供科学依据。