Expected levels of heterozygosity in autotetraploid progeny populations

Summary A breeding program aimed at improving the seed yield in bean for processing was started. Six parents divergent in a range of agronomical characters were crossed according to diallel mating design. Cluster analysis performed on the composite cross population evidenced divergence between F1 hybrids and to maximize genetic recombination, the most different F1 hybrids were intercrossed. A Factor analysis was performed on 7 morphological and yield-determining traits of 15 hybrids F1 and parents. Three Factors, representing patterns of variables interpreted as productivity per plant, growth factor, and branching-productivity, were extracted. These results evidenced the inverse relationship between seed yield components (seeds/pod, pods/plant, and hundred seed weight): i.e. the selection for either variable is detrimental to the other. It may be possible to break this association if the plant construct assures high sink to satisfy all plant requirements: tall and large plants bearing numerous nodes, leaves and reproductive structures. Moreover, the selection practiced simultaneously on the yield components positively affected the seed yield trait. An index of selection and response to selection were estimated on the segregant populations. The realized gain in seed/yield reached after one cycle of selection (C1) was 6.5 g, about 20% over the base population (C0). The expected gain from selection based on the superior 5% plants in C2 families was 25.5% and approached the realized gain. The result of this paper gives evidence to support that the seed yield can be improved by an adequate selection intensity and selection index can be very useful when it is faced with the improvement of several traits at the same time.     

小红豆淀粉颗粒性质研究

[目的]为小红豆淀粉资源的开发提供理论依据。[方法]研究了小红豆淀粉的颗粒性质,包括颗粒的形貌、X光-衍射图样、溶解度与膨胀度,链淀粉含量、葡聚糖结构等,并与大红豆及荷包豆淀粉进行了对比。[结果]小红豆淀粉颗粒多为卵圆形,少数不规则,溶解度与膨胀度随温度变化程度不大,总体趋势平缓上升,X光-衍射呈现A型晶体图样,结晶度为18.01%,相对链淀粉含量为36.5%。[结论]该研究对于开发食用豆类淀粉资源具有启发作用。     

北京市红小豆标准化生产基地建设的思考

小豆是我国传统出口农产品 ,从近 10年日本进口不同国别的小豆数量和我国小豆生产形势显示 ,我国小豆生产将面临严峻挑战。国外商家、消费者以及生产者都急切希望小豆生产标准化。北京农学院和北京凯达恒业农业技术开发有限公司合作 ,走出了一条新路。以龙头企业带动 ,产学研相结合、产供销一条龙服务 ,与种植农户实行订单 ,在北京地区初步建成了具有一定规模的小豆标准化生产基地。实践表明 ,制定切实可行的绿色食品小豆标准化生产基地发展策略、采取全面落实标准化生产的具体措施 ,对能否建好基地起到决定性作用     

Influence of Soil Drought on Plant Growth, Assimilation and Dissimilation of CO2 and Accumulation of Photosynthates in Field Bean (Vicia faba L. minor) During Pod Formation and Rapid Pod Growth

Field bean planes cultivar Nadwiślański were submitted to soil drought (30 % of field soil water capacity) for 5 days at the stage of pod formation (A) and of rapid pod growth (B) and then exposed for 20 minutes to ¹⁴CO₂. Radioactivity of leaves, stems, roots, and pods or pod shells and seeds was measured 1, 5, 24 and 48 hours after exposition.
In both stages soil drought reduced by about five times total CO₂ assimilation, mainly owing to lower activity of the photosynthetic apparatus and also, though less so, to reduced leaf growth. Photosynthetic activity referred to the dry weight of the leaves dropped to 22-35% of controls. Accumulation of photosynthetates in generative organs was much less depressed than ¹⁴CO₂ assimilation. 48 hours after exposition to ¹⁴CO₂ of drought treated plants, the contents of ¹⁴C of pods in phase A, and seeds in phase B, amounted to respectively 24% and 36% of assimilated ¹⁴C and equalled 91.5% and 74% of the corresponding values for controls.
The progressive decline of radioactivity in leaves and stems after ¹⁴CO₂ exposition was distinctly correlated to the rise of radioactivity of generative organs both in soil drought treated plants and in controls. Slightly lower values of correlation coefficients in drought treated plants may indicate impairment under drought conditions of synchronization in processes of unloading and accumulation of assimilates.
In plants drought treated in phase A the ability to dissimilate ¹⁴C was reduced to about 59% of that in controls, but when drought was applied in phase B, dissimilation rate was about three times as high.     

Untersuchungen zur Nutzbarkeit des generativen Speicherpotentials von indeterminierten Ackerbohnengenotypen (Vicia faba L.)

Investigations on the utilization of the generative storage potential of indeterminated field bean genotypes ( Vicia faba L.)
The gradation in seed yield between and within the inflorescences of a field bean plant results from a hierarchical control by way of internal competition in connection with hormonal regulation. Following this hypothesis in genotypes with different yielding capacity (2 inbred lines, 1 hybrid) the two proximal flowers/inflorescence of the nodes 3–6 (counted from the bottom of the plant) were either removed or treated with growth regulators. AMO-1618 was applied for inhibition of the gibberellic acid biosynthesis, or chlorflurenolmethylester (CFM) for reduction of indole-3yl acetic acid translocation as both phytohormones might be concerned with the hierarchical control of the storage system. — Independent from yield level a reduction of the used storage potential in control plants up to 50% by treatments was fully compensated for in other regions and positions of the plant. AMO-1618 application in some cases indicated an increased seed yield/plant, whereas CFM only increased the number of sterile pods/plant. These effects are discussed in relation to the storing efficiency and to yield stability of an indeterminated faba bean plant.     

Screening of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) for resistance against temperate root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)

BACKGROUND: An important part of the production area of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Belgium is located on the sandy soils of the provinces of Antwerp and Limburg where Meloidogyne chitwoodi (Golden), M. fallax (Karssen) and M. hapla (Chitwood) are present. The host plant status of ten bean cultivars for root‐knot nematodes was determined by evaluating penetration, development and egg mass formation after inoculation with second‐stage juveniles. RESULTS: The tested cultivars were poor to good hosts for M. chitwoodi, non‐hosts or bad hosts for M. fallax and excellent hosts for M. hapla. Significantly fewer M. fallax were found in the roots, and their development was delayed. Penetration of M. hapla took place over a longer period than that of M. chitwoodi and M. fallax. The number of mature females of M. chitwoodi in cv. Polder 6 weeks after inoculation was no different from that in other cultivars, although fewer egg masses were found on this cultivar in the screening test. There was no influence of M. chitwoodi on vegetative growth of cv. Polder. CONCLUSION: The differences found in host plant status of bean cultivars stress the importance of a correct diagnosis of the Meloidogyne species in agricultural fields. Cultivar Polder showed potential as a trap crop for M. chitwoodi. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

青海不同基因型蚕豆蛋白组成及清蛋白和球蛋白亚基的SDS-PAGE分析

采用连续提取蛋白法和SDS-PAGE技术分析了青海省11个不同基因型蚕豆的蛋白质组成以及清蛋白、球蛋白亚基的差异.结果表明:蚕豆蛋白主要由清蛋白、球蛋白、谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白和其他蛋白组成,不同基因型蚕豆的蛋白质含量及其组成存在一定的变异,其中清蛋白和球蛋白是蚕豆蛋白主要组成部分,占总蛋白的75.08%.不同基因型蚕豆的清蛋白和球蛋白亚基存在一定的差异,蚕豆清蛋白亚基由97、66+67、63、50、45、38+41、22ku等7个基本亚基组成外,还有96ku特异亚基;球蛋白亚基由63、56、52、47、22ku等5个基本亚基组成外,还有46ku的特异亚基.     

蚕豆微波膨化的工艺优化

在2因素试验的基础上,利用L9(34)正交试验优化蚕豆微波膨化的工艺.结果表明:蚕豆微波膨化的最佳工艺参数为:浸泡时间24h、沥干时间18h、微波功率900W、微波加热时间5min,在此条件下,蚕豆的膨化率可达65%,且颜色金黄,无腥味,酥脆适口.适量添加0.5%NaHCO3可以明显改善蚕豆微波膨化的效果.     

红小豆的品质特性及加工利用研究概况

红小豆是我国的优势杂粮作物,其营养与品质特性是决定其食用价值的重要因素.回顾了近年来国内外对红小豆的物理、化学、营养品质以及加工特性的研究,并在对国内红小豆的加工利用及研究开发现状进行概括总结的基础上,提出了对红小豆产业发展的建议.     

绿豆旱区高产群体结构与功能优化初报

为了创新与集成绿豆抗旱高产栽培技术体系,研究了不同绿豆品种在不同密度、不同覆膜方式下的产量构成因子,分析评价了绿豆抗旱高产群体结构及栽培技术对群体结构与功能的调节效应。结果表明:绿豆品种同绿1号密度在18万株.hm-2,沟垄覆膜,群体结构合理,功能最优,绿叶叶面积指数为2.046,产量1 819.5kg.hm-2达到最大,在旱区为适宜的种植模式。