Assessment of genetic diversity in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)

AFLP technique was applied to assess genetic diversity among 44 common bean accessions that included 6 exotic accessions, 15 Indian land races and 23 released varieties. Eight AFLP primer pairs were used that produced 820 products of which 698 were polymorphic (85.12%). Wide variations were observed among all the accessions for the number of amplification products, percent polymorphism and average polymorphism information content (PIC). The Jaccard's similarity indices (J) based on the AFLP profiles were subjected to UPGMA cluster analysis. The dendrogram generated revealed seven major groups. Seventeen out of 23 released varieties were restricted to clusters VI and VII. The value of r = 0.934 in Mantel's test for cophenetic corrlelation applied to the cluster analysis indicated the high fitness of the accessions to a group. The germplasm used in the present study had narrow genetic base, although moderate to high genetic diversity was observed. The details of diversity analysis and the potential use of Indian common bean accessions in common bean breeding programme are provided in the present study.     

Transgene expression for Gladiolus plants grown outdoors and in the greenhouse

Transgene expression was evaluated for Gladiolus plants transformed with either the CaMV 35S, double CaMV 35S, rolD, or Arabidopsis UBQ3 promoter controlling the uidA or bean yellow mosaic virus coat protein gene in either the sense or antisense orientation to determine differences in expression for plants grown in the greenhouse and outdoors for two years. There was more variability in GUS expression when plants were grown outdoors than in the greenhouse for two years. Four of the six transformed plant lines with the UBQ3, rolD, and CaMV 35S promoters grown outdoors showed significant differences in GUS expression from year to year as compared to two of the six lines with the UBQ3 and rolD promoters grown in the greenhouse. When grown the same year, two plant lines with the CaMV 35S and one line with the rolD promoter showed 2–16× higher levels of GUS expression outdoors than in the greenhouse, and one plant line with the UBQ3 promoter had 31× higher GUS expression in the greenhouse instead of outdoors. Three of six plant lines transformed with the bean yellow mosaic virus coat protein gene in either the sense or antisense orientation under control of the double CaMV 35S promoter showed obvious transgene expression as compared to three lines that did not show expression or negligible expression for both years when plants were grown both outdoors and in the greenhouse. This study verified long-term gene expression, rather than silencing, for Gladiolus plants when grown outdoors and in the greenhouse from year to year.     

长豇豆新品种‘之豇108’

 ‘之豇108’长豇豆是从多重杂交后代中系统选育出的新品种。中熟,嫩荚油绿色,荚长约70 cm,肉质致密,耐贮性好;产量30～35 t·hm^-2;根系强劲,对连作障碍耐受性强;抗黑眼豇豆病毒病、根腐病和锈病。     

四棱豆新品种‘翠绿’

 ‘翠绿’四棱豆是通过系统选育四棱豆新品种。植株为无限生长类型,生长势强。嫩荚果四棱形,平均质量30.0 g,果荚长18 cm,宽1.9 cm,颜色碧绿,品质优良,产量高,适于华南地区栽培。     

几种新型杀菌剂对菜豆炭疽病菌的室内毒力测定

采用生长速率法,测定了咪鲜胺锰盐、福·福锌、苯醚·溴菌腈、二氢蒽醌、苯醚甲环唑和多福·溴菌腈等6种新型化学药剂对菜豆炭疽病菌的生长抑制作用。结果表明,6种化学药剂对菜豆炭疽病菌均具有抑制作用,其中80%福·福锌可湿性粉剂和10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂的抑菌效果最好,浓度为1 000 mg·L~(-1)时的抑菌率分别达到了77.68%和72.96%,EC_(50)分别为212.41 mg·L~(-1)和296.83 mg·L~(-1)。因此,80%福·福锌可湿性粉剂和10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂可作为田间防治菜豆炭疽病的候选药剂。     

Yield and Yield Components from Intercropping Improved Bush Bean Cultivars with Maize

Bush bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is widely intercropped with maize ( Zea mays L.) in North-west Spain. Little information is available on the relative performance of elite bush bean cultivars when intercropped or on the effect of bush bean on performance of the maize crop. This two-environment study presents the interactions between improved bush bean cultivars and maize on yield and yield components. Eight treatments (four bean/maize intercrops and four sole crops, two of bean and two of maize) were tested using a randomized complete block design with four replications in two environments. Bean and maize were planted simultaneously in alternate rows when intercropped. Significant treatment differences were observed for bean and maize moisture, pod and cob percentage, bean and maize yield, ears per plant and ear length. Location effects were significant for bean and maize moisture and pod percentage. Significant treatment by location interactions occurred for pod percentage and ear length. Intercropping reduced yield by between 40 and 60 % for bush bean cultivars, and by 45 % for both maize cultivars. Mean yields were used to calculate the land equivalent ratio (LER), which averaged 1.01 in Pontevedra but 0.93 in La Coruña. Intercropping of bush bean with maize did not make better use of land than conventional sole cropping under these environmental conditions. It is suggested that this was probably due to the amount and distribution of rain in relation to crop growth. Approaches that might be expected to result in improved land usage are presented.     

基因库中多花菜豆种子繁殖更新方法

取材于有特殊经济价值、常异花授粉作物多花菜豆,研究基因库中种子繁殖更新方法。连续３年,选用４个品种,设２５～２００株５种不同群体,采用人工授粉等５种授粉方法,以自然条件下风、虫自然传粉为对照。从农艺性状调查,染色体观察及同工酶分析方面进行研究。人工授粉后无变异现象,但结实率很低,只有２．１％左右,且成本昂贵;群体内昆虫自然传粉结实好,幼苗和籽粒变异率为１．３％和１．２％;单花序或单花套袋自交基本不结实,只有个别品种能结实（１％～２％）;对照生长最好,结实率最高,变异率也最大（幼苗１．７％、籽粒１．９％）;全封闭网棚蜜蜂传粉生长正常,变异率低（幼苗０．４％、籽粒０．７％）,成本也较低;全封闭网棚自然传粉的产量低,折合每公顷只有３７８ｋｇ,其成本高于网棚放蜂者。从而明确了在内蒙古呼和浩特繁种,自然条件适宜可减轻选择压力;以全封闭网棚蜜蜂传粉效果最佳,可减少变异频率,防止外来花粉掺入;其群体大小一般以５０株为宜,是繁殖更新多花菜豆基因库种子切实可行的方法。     

春蚕豆青海9号原始群体的遗传变异及其原种繁育初探

本文采用方差分析法,估计了春蚕豆新品种青海9号原始群体中主要性状的遗传参数。结果表明：青海9号原始群体中仍有一定程度的遗传变异。单株实荚数、粒数、有效分枝和单株粒重的遗传变异系数较大,达10％以上;百粒重和株高的遗传力较高;在5％的选择强度下,主要产量性状可获得10％以上的相对遗传进度。对1995～1997年青海9号蚕豆原种繁育的考种资料进行分析,探讨了主要性状的选择效果和方法。     

云南省蚕豆新品种联合区域试验试点综合评价

根据云南省2019—2020年蚕豆新品种联合区域试验结果,从试点精度、生产水平、有效性、分辨力、稳定性和代表性等6个方面对8个区试试点进行综合评价.结果表明,8个区试试点的精度都比较高,数据有效,试验可靠;8个区试试点的产量分别代表了不同的大田生产水平;弥渡、巍山、湾桥、保山等4个试点具有较高的品种分辨力;弥渡、保山2...     

The common bean landraces from Basilicata (Southern Italy): an example of integrated approach applied to genetic resources management

Ex situ conservation of genetic resources has contributed to the improvement of several food crops through utilisation of preserved germplasm, but it is not the only approach to safeguard genetic resources. Presently, in situ methods are being examined as effective complementary strategies to preserve diversity along with the dynamic environment. Examples of de facto on farm conservation, a form of in situ, have been described. However, their future is unpredictable without the relief of formal scientific projects or appropriate regulations. Recent European Community regulations have introduced the possibility to attribute marks of origin and quality to local typical products. These marks can be an important support to on farm maintenance of élite landraces of principal crops. In the frame of a collaboration between the Italian gene bank and a farm (of the agricultural research service of Basilicata region), an integrated approach, involving ex situ and on farm conservation, was adopted to safeguard common bean landraces from Basilicata. The main result of this project was the attribution of IGP (indication of geographic provenance), an European Community mark, to some tested landraces.