苗期短日照处理小豆的开花和结荚变化

为了对小豆的高产栽培提供理论依据,以中晚熟小豆品种冀红4号为材料,在出苗到开花阶段进行 SD-14（光/暗,14 h/10h）、SD-12（光/暗,12 h/12h）和 SD-10（光/暗,10 h/14h）3个短日照试验,观察了小豆开花和结荚情况。结果表明：短日照处理加速了植株的生育进程,花期缩短了9～10 d,荚期缩短了3～7 d,总花荚期缩短了5～6 d,差异达显著水平;植株的开花期提早,开花高峰期提前18～20 d,日开花量呈先增后降的趋势;植株的初花节位降低1～2节,单株总荚数达最大值时间提早12 d,结荚数集中于1～10节位,占88．49％以上;各短日处理单荚粒数差异不显著,百粒重均高于对照,单株荚数则低于对照,产量均低于对照,差异不显著。综合比较,短日照处理以 SD-12较好。     

烤烟套种蚕豆对烟叶和蚕豆品质的影响

为确定烤烟套种免耕鲜食蚕豆的最佳播种期,采用随机区组试验,研究烟株封顶后上部烟留叶8片、5片、3片和顶叶全部采收后播种蚕豆对免耕套种鲜食蚕豆和烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明：烤烟套种免耕鲜食蚕豆模式比烤烟采收后单一种植蚕豆（CK）中上等烟比例提高0．56％～1．58％,产量提高0．54％～0．63％,产值提高1．38％～2．01％;可提高总糖和还原糖含量,降低氮和烟碱含量,增加钾和施木克值,协调烟叶内在品质;增加收入293．18～454．03元／667m2。可提高蚕豆的蛋白质、钙和硒的含量,分别比 CK 增加0．41％～0．56％、11．53％～34．61％和4．93％～11．11％;降低单宁的含量,比 CK 降低18．18％～36．36％。上部烟留叶5片的处理对提高烟叶和蚕豆的品质效果最佳。     

基于LC-ESI-MS/MS技术与生物信息学的蚕豆种子贮藏蛋白亚基鉴定

蚕豆蛋白亚基是蚕豆种子贮藏蛋白重要组成部分,深入鉴定蚕豆蛋白亚基,对了解蚕豆种子蛋白不同亚基的结构和功能具有重要意义。本研究应用液相色谱、电喷雾离子化与串联质谱联用技术和生物信息技术对蚕豆种子贮藏蛋白6个特异亚基进行了质谱鉴定。结果表明:这些特异亚基中的64、47、42及38ku分别鉴定出4个蛋白:豌豆球蛋白、豆球蛋白前体、假定糖结合蛋白、LEGB7_VICFA;97ku亚基蛋白为分子伴侣GroEL;96ku亚基蛋白由6个具有不同代谢功能的蛋白组成。     

绿豆抗旱指标鉴选与评价

采用人工盆栽控水试验,对21份绿豆种质资源进行抗旱期综合评价,鉴选绿豆品种抗旱性指标体系。结果表明,与绿豆抗旱性相关的10个指标经主成分分析被分为3个主成分,其中茎高、茎粗、结荚数、叶面积、叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量与绿豆抗旱性密切相关。采用聚类分析,并结合绿豆隶属函数法综合分析,将21份绿豆品种分成：强抗旱品种为‘良丰1号’、‘HX04037’和‘榆绿1号’,中抗旱性品种为‘嫩绿1号’、‘兴绿1号’、‘天山大明绿’、‘西绿1号’、‘绿宝绿豆’、‘赤绿3号’、‘白绿1号’、‘中绿1号’、‘晋绿1号’、‘八宝绿豆’、‘中绿6号’、‘鑫绿1号’和‘HX04050’,弱抗旱性品种为‘冀北12-1号’、‘绿珍珠2号’、‘ZKY-2’、‘白绿522’和‘邯绿8号’。     

Intercropped wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and bean (Vicia faba L.) as a whole-crop forage: effect of harvest time on forage yield and quality

Abstract Sole crops and intercrops of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and bean (Vicia faba L.), at three harvest dates, representing successive growth stages, were evaluated for biomass production of whole‐crop forage and quality characteristics of crude protein (CP), neutral‐detergent fibre (NDF), acid‐detergent fibre (ADF), water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations and ash content. These tests were carried out for two field experiments, respectively, drilled during the spring of 1997 and autumn of 1997 on Imperial College Farm, Wye, UK. Results indicated that optimum forage yield and quality were obtained from the second to third harvest dates for the spring‐drilled experiment and the second harvest for the autumn‐drilled experiment. Wheat and bean intercrops were higher in total forage dry matter (DM) yield than either wheat or bean grown as sole crops. Field bean intercropped with wheat led to increased forage quality (CP and NDF concentrations) compared with sole wheat, and higher WSC concentrations compared with sole bean. Intercrops also enhanced weed suppression compared with sole bean. It is suggested that winter wheat–bean intercrops may have considerable potential as a moderate‐yielding, relatively high‐quality, low‐input and environmentally benign forage crop with considerable potential with regard to yield and quality and warrant further study.     

Competition between Canada Thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] and Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)

This study was conducted to investigate whether density, above-ground biomass and nitrogen (N) concentration of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. cause serious reductions in faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) yield. A 2-year field experiment (1991–93) with four Cirsium densities (0, 4, 16, 64 plants m^–2) was carried out. Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of Cirsium density on faba bean yield. Multiple regression analysis showed that the main factors causing faba bean yield losses were the density and above-ground biomass of Cirsium . The results of this study demonstrate that Cirsium competition reduces faba bean yield. The mean faba bean yield losses over the 2 years were 10, 12 and 8% for above-ground biomass, seed and stem, respectively, for a Cirsium density of 16 plants m^–2.     

阿拉尔片区部分豆制品卫生学评价

本实验是以阿拉尔片区部分豆制品卫生质量进行感观和细菌学评价,为消费者的健康饮食做以指导。结果显示:阿拉尔片区所售的部分豆制品存在着卫生质量问题,菌落总数不合格的为44%;大肠菌群数不合格的为25%;九团检样豆腐中检出一例蜡样芽胞杆菌,阿拉尔片区部分豆制品总体合格率占检样的56%。     

不同菜豆品种4种抗营养因子水平差异分析

菜豆中植物凝集素、皂苷、胰蛋白酶抑制剂和植酸等抗营养因子是引起菜豆食物中毒的内源物。以56份食荚菜豆品种为材料,测定了鲜荚中4种抗营养因子含量或活性。结果表明,供试菜豆品种群体4种抗营养因子水平均存在极显著差异。植物凝集素含量(均值为1.743 mg·g~(-1))和胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性(均值为1.680 mg·g~(-1))变异系数均在100%以上,品种频率分布曲线主峰明显,但在极高和极低区域均有品种间断分布,出现了品种水平的数量等级差异;皂苷含量(均值为3.730 mg·g~(-1))和植酸含量(均值为3.102 mg·g~(-1))变异系数均低于41%,品种频率分布曲线呈近正态分布,主峰明显,双尾有低频率连续分布。相关分析表明,植物凝集素含量与胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性呈极显著正相关。聚类分析将供试56份菜豆品种划分为3个品种群,近80%品种聚于抗营养因子中等水平品种群,近12%品种居于较低水平。由于菜豆植物凝集素是食用致毒性的主要内源物,同时其和胰蛋白酶抑制剂等均与菜豆田间抗病虫性密切相关,预示着筛选出极低水平植物凝集素的菜豆品种是可行的,但同时可能会降低其田间抗病虫性。     

豇豆四倍体的诱导及鉴定

用浓度为0.1%~0.3%的秋水仙素处理二倍体豇豆子叶期的茎尖生长点,获得同源四倍体(2n=4x=44),并对其进行形态学、细胞学、农艺学鉴定。结果表明:经0.2%秋水仙素处理4次获得同源四倍体的效果最佳,四倍体诱变率为2.809%;与二倍体相比,四倍体植株叶片、花器官、荚果等均表现巨大性,气孔密度和单个荚果种子数降低;用流式细胞仪进行倍性鉴定,豇豆二倍体DNA相对含量为250,四倍体为500,与根尖染色体鉴定结果一致。     

Geographical distribution of the DL1 and DL2 genes causing hybrid dwarfism in Phaseolus vulgaris L., their association with seed size,and their significance to breeding

Summary Dwarlism in F₁ hybrids has been observed in over 100 crosses of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia. In each cross, one parent always had small seeds and the other parent either medium or la ge ones. This apparent incompatibility between the two groups of germplasm was controlled by two complementary, dominant genes: DL₁ and DL₂. Smallseeded bean lines carried gene DL₁ and originated in Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, and Mexico; medium for large-seeded bean lines carried gene DL₂ and were from Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Turkey, The United States, and West Germany. Thes two genes have probably played an important role in the evolution of dry bean forms of different seed sizes by serving as a genetic barrier or isolating mechanism, thus limiting free genetic recombination between the two germplasm groups.Apparent differences in the adaptiveness and yielding ability of the two groups of bean germplasm, smallys, medium- and large-seeded, and some breeding implications for manipulation of the genes causing F₁ hybrid dwarfism were also discovered.