Plant Species Composition and Forage Production 14 Yr After Biosolids Application and Grazing Exclusion

This paper examines the effects of a single surface application of biosolids (at 20 dry Mg ha^{? 1}) on plant species composition, forage quality and quantity, and C stocks after 14 yr of rest in rangelands of the Central Interior of British Columbia. More than two times the aboveground biomass of grasses and the percent cover of plant litter were found in the biosolids treatment relative to the control, along with reductions in bare soil and microbiotic crust cover. Significantly greater plant uptake of all macronutrients (C, N, P, K, S, Ca, and Mg); most micronutrients (B, Cu, Mn, Mo, and Zn); and Al occurred in the biosolids treatment. P and Cu were the only two nutrients to be more concentrated in the biosolids-treated forage relative to the control forage, while N, Mg, and protein were more concentrated in the control forage. No significant difference in forage digestibility was found between biosolids and control treatments. Bluebunch wheatgrass, the late-seral native grass species, had significantly increased cover and aboveground biomass in the biosolids treatment relative to the control; however, between 2006 and 2016, non-native Kentucky bluegrass had reached > 25% cover in the biosolids plots, perhaps restricting the full recovery of bluebunch wheatgrass. Our findings indicate that biosolids application to ungrazed rangeland can increase long-term forage production and reduce bare soil. However, at our study site biosolids application also led to a long-term shift in the plant community composition away from the late-seral (i.e., bluebunch wheatgrass) trajectory, and the effects of this shift on rangeland health and productivity require further investigation.     

仔猪产气荚膜梭菌肠毒血症病原诊断及疫苗研究IV．肠毒血症C型疫苗生产用菌种的确定

试验证明用单一菌株C59-2生产C型产气荚膜梭菌肠毒血症干粉灭活疫苗,其效力可以达到《规程》要求,并且简化了生产工艺,降低了生产成本,提高了生产效率。疫苗免疫的兔血清可分别中和原来3个制苗用菌株所产生的外毒素。     

绵羊DECR1基因exon 5部分序列多态性分析

试验根据GenBank登录的牛2,4-双烯-CoA还原酶1(2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductasel,DECR1)基因序列(NP_001068891)设计引物,应用PCR技术对德国美利奴绵羊、杜泊绵羊、特克塞尔绵羊DECR1基因的exon 5部分序列进行克隆测序;利用PCR-SSCP技术检测了3个绵羊群体exon 5单链构象多态性(SNP),所获序列与GenBank中其他物种exon 5序列进行了同源性比较,并构建了亲缘关系聚类分析图.结果表明,绵羊DECR1基因exon 5长为137 bp,3个绵羊群体中exon 5均不存在SNPs,各种动物之间DECR1基因exon 5的同源性较高,在81.02%(鸡)～97.08%(牛)之间,其中绵羊和牛同源性最高,达到97.08%;与鸡的同源性最低,为81.02%;聚类分析结果显示,绵羊首先与牛聚为一类,再分别与兔子、狗聚为一类,最后分别与人、猪聚为一类,绵羊与牛的亲缘关系最近,与鸡的亲缘关系最远,与传统分类相一致,说明DECR1基因exon 5在动物进化过程中高度保守.     

H5N1亚型禽流感病毒A/Guangxi/1/2005株抗药机制的研究

为研究H5N1亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)的抗药机制,本研究选取Clade2.3.4亚群中一株对金刚烷胺敏感的人源AIV A/Guangxi/1/2005(H5N1)(S-GX05),用抗流感病毒药物金刚烷胺对其进行定向诱导,筛选出一株抗药性病毒株,命名为R-A/Guangxi/1/2005(R-GX05)。通过全基因测序并与S-GX05全基因序列进行对比,结果显示S-GX05只在其M2蛋白中有一个氨基酸位点发生突变,即A30P;抗药性鉴定这两株病毒的半数药物抑制浓度(IC50)分别为0.9μM和48.9μM,表明R-GX05对金刚烷胺表现出一定程度的抗性。动物实验证实,这两株病毒对BALB/c小鼠的致病性基本一致,均表现出高致病性,其MLD50分别为4.7 log10 EID50和5.0 log10 EID50,两株病毒在小鼠体内各组织脏器中的分布及增殖能力也基本相同。这些结果表明,S-GX05在药物压力下产生抗药性后,并未引起其它生物学特性的改变。A30P的发现为进一步从分子水平上研究H5N1亚型AIV的抗药机制及新型抗流感新药的研发奠定了基础。     

Identification of polymorphisms and association analysis with meat quality traits in the porcine KIAA1717 and HUMMLC2B genes

Skeletal muscle genes are potential candidates for production and meat quality. Screening a subtracted cDNA library constructed with mRNA obtained from longissimus dorsi muscles of F1 hybrids Landrace × Yorkshire and their female parents Yorkshire, we isolated two partial sequences coding for the H3-K4-specific methyltransferase (KIAA1717) and skeletal muscle myosin regulatory light chain (HUMMLC2B) genes. Database search revealed KIAA1717 and HUMMLC2B encoded proteins with SET domain and EF-hand calcium binding motif, respectively. In the present work we identified their partial polymorphisms and two SNPs, one (C1354T) at the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of KIAA1717 and one (A345G) at the SINE (PRE-1) element of HUMMLC2B, both created/disrupted a restriction site for endonuclease Msp I. The selected pigs were genotyped at the KIAA1717 C1354T and HUMMLC2B A345G sites by means of a PCR-RFLP protocol. Significant associations were observed for the KIAA1717 C1354T polymorphic site with meat marbling (longissimus doris (p < 0.05), biceps femoris (p < 0.01)) and intramuscular fat (p < 0.01). HUMMLC2B A345G were significantly associated with meat pH (longissimus doris (p < 0.05), biceps femoris (p < 0.01)), drip loss (p < 0.01), water holding capacity (p < 0.01) and meat color value (longissimus doris (p < 0.01), biceps femoris (p < 0.05)). Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results.     

NTPDase and 5′-nucleotidase as inflammatory markers in cattle naturally infected by Eurytrema coelomaticum

The aim of this study was to evaluate seric NTPDase and 5′nucleotidase activities of cattle naturally infected by Eurytrema coelomanticum, as well as to correlate them to histopathological lesions in the pancreas and the degree of parasitism. Blood samples and pancreas of 51 bovines were collected on a slaughterhouse in Southern Brazil: 33 from cattle naturally infected by E. coelomanticum (the Group A), and 18 from uninfected animals (the Group B). Infected animals showed an average of 532 parasites per pancreas. In the pancreatic histology, ducts displayed hyperplasia, stenosis, proliferation of fibrous tissue, and interstitial inflammatory infiltration of lymphocytes. The serum from infected animals showed an increase in NTPDase activity when ATP was used as substrate (P < 0.001). For the ADP substrate, there was no difference between groups regarding NTPDase activity (P = 0.37), as well as 5′-nucleotidase activity (P = 0.27). Correlating NTPDase activity (ATP substrate) with the degree of histopathological lesions (rho = 0.66, P < 0.001) and the parasitic load on the pancreas (rho = 0.65, P < 0.001), a positive correlation was observed. Similar results were found between the degree of histopathological lesions and NTPDase activity (ADP substrate; rho = 0.29, P = 0.03), and 5′nucleotidase activity (rho = 0.35, P = 0.01). Based on the results of NTPDase and 5′nucleotidase enzymes in cattle naturally infected by E. coleomanticum, it is possible to suggest that these enzymes are involved in the modulation of inflammation, and they can act as markers of inflammatory response.     

IMP improves water‐holding capacity,physical and sensory properties of heat‐induced gels from porcine meat

Water‐holding capacity (WHC) of heat‐induced pork gels was examined. The heat‐induced gels were obtained from meat homogenates prepared by adding nine volumes of 0.3–0.5 mol/L NaCl solutions containing 9–36 mmol/L disodium inosine‐5′‐monophosphate (IMP) or 9 mmol/L tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (KPP) to minced pork. IMP at 36 mmol/L enhanced the WHC to the same level as attained by KPP. Physical and sensory properties of heat‐induced gels were also examined. The heat‐induced gels were prepared from porcine meat homogenates containing 0.3 mol/L NaCl and 9–36 mmol/L IMP or 9 mmol/L KPP. IMP at 36 mmol/L enhanced the values of hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess and springiness, measured with a Tensipresser, and several organoleptic scores to the same level as the score attained by KPP. Thus, it is concluded that IMP is expected to be a practical substitute for pyrophosphates to improve the quality of sausages.     

气候变暖对新疆不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿种植适宜性的影响

基于新疆102个气象台站1961−2019年逐日平均气温、最低气温资料,采用统计学方法以及ArcGIS的空间插值技术,在对影响新疆紫花苜蓿种植的主要气候因子 ≥ 5 ℃积温、冬季最低气温时空变化特征分析的基础上,以80%保证率 ≥ 5 ℃积温和90%保证率冬季最低气温作为指标因子,研究了气候变暖背景下,新疆不同秋眠级紫...     

In vitro properties of diffuse cytoplasmic esterase-positive canine mononuclear leukocytes

Depletion of cytoplasmic esterase-positive canine peripheral blood monocytes from mononuclear cell suspensions was attempted using plastic adherence, carbonyl iron ingestion and/or Sephadex G-10 filtration. An esterase-positive, nonadherent, nonphagocytic subpopulation was identified and further characterized by the presence or absence of cell membrane receptors for the Fc portions of immunoglobulin and the activated third component of complement. The majority of these nonadherent cells lacked these receptors. The data suggests that canine peripheral blood monocytes are a heterogenous cell population.     

Cytokine profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with cystic echinococcosis

IntroductionCystic echinococcosis (CE) is a chronic zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus), which affects domestic and wild carnivores as the definitive host and ungulates as intermediate hosts. In intermediate hosts, both Th1 and Th2 cells are involved in the immune responses to an echinoccocal infection. This study aimed to investigate production of IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of CE patients before and after surgical treatment.MethodsTo evaluate cytokine production in response to E. granulosus antigens, we investigated IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ production in PBMCs of 20 CE patients in response to hydatid cyst fluid antigen (HCF-Ag) before and after surgical treatment using ELISA.ResultsThe mean IL-4 production from HCF-Ag stimulated PBMCs was significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while IFN-γ was significantly increased in HCF-Ag stimulated PBMCs in patients after surgery (p = 0.005).Furthermore, our results showed that there is no significant difference between IL-10 production in patients before and after treatment (p = 0.562).ConclusionsOur data Indicated production of IL-4 in cultured PBMCs of CE patients stimulated with HCF-Ag was decreased significantly. While, production of IFN-γ was increased significantly in responses to HCF Ag after surgery. We concluded that the evaluation of IL-4 and IFN-γ in HCF-Ag stimulated PBMCs of CE patients should be considered as a useful marker in the follow up of patients with cystic echinococcosis.