密度和施氮量对沿海滩涂中度盐碱地蓖麻产量和氮素吸收的影响

以淄蓖5号和云蓖泰国202为材料,研究沿海中度盐碱地不同种植密度和施氮量对蓖麻产量和氮素吸收利用的影响.结果表明,淄蓖5号在种植密度13000株·hm-2、施氮量120kg·hm-2条件下获得的产量最高,云蓖泰国202的适宜密度为16 000株·hm-2、施氮量为120kg· hm-2.两个品种苗期对氮的吸收速率均缓慢,吸收量较低,蕾期吸收速率和吸收量逐渐增加,开花期达到高峰.高产条件下,每生产l00kg的蓖麻籽淄蓖5号需氮9.93～l0.33kg,云蓖泰国202需氮8.25～l0.12kg.在苗期、蕾期、开花期、花果期和灌浆成熟期,淄蓖5号分别保持2%、15%、50%、15%和20%左右的氮吸收百分率有利于高产;云蓖泰国202分别保持1%、10%、45%、12%和30%左右的氮吸收百分率有利于高产.     

Bioavailability of amino acids chelated and glass embedded zinc to rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, fingerlings

A 2 × 4 factorial experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability of zinc (Zn) from amino acids chelated (Zn–Am) and glass embedded Zn (Zn–Gl) as sources for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss , fed practical type diets. Two levels of Zn (20 and 40 mg kg⁻¹) were supplemented to the diets using either zinc sulphate (Zn–Sf), zinc methionine (Zn–Mt), Zn–Am or Zn–Gl. Rainbow trout with an average weight of 2 g were fed the experimental diets for 15 weeks. Growth and feed gain ratio (FGR) were not significantly influenced by the dietary Zn content and forms. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity for both levels of Zn–Am was significantly higher than that of Zn–Sf and Zn–Gl at 20 mg supplementation. In another experiment, fish of about 95 g were fed the same experimental diets to determine the absorption of Zn and it was found to be significantly higher from Zn–Am compared with the rest. Retention from Zn–Am at 20 mg was significantly higher than the rest, excluding Zn–Sf. The results suggest that the availability of Zn from Zn–Am might be superior among the sources compared.     

三十烷醇对海带生长和生理活性的影响

在海带夹苗放养前,用0.5～1.0ppm三十烷醇浸苗,能提高叶绿素和岩藻黄素含量,促进光合作用,并可在相当长时间内,提高海带对磷酸盐和硝酸离子的吸收,还可使海带体内核酸含量增加,进而促进海带迅速生长,缩短了放养后的缓苗时间,为产量的形成打下早期生长的基础。     

近岸沉积物再悬浮期间所释放溶解有机物的荧光特征

为探究有色溶解有机物 (CDOM)光学性质如何示踪海水中溶解有机物组分的动态信息,实验利用紫外可见吸收光谱手段,分区域测定了桑沟湾春季水体及表层沉积物间隙水中CDOM的吸收光谱特征,探讨了CDOM的来源组成、空间分布特征、迁移转化过程及其与养殖活动的关系。结果显示,①波长为355 nm的吸收系数[a(355)]范围为0.23~9.09 /m,不同水层空间分布差异显著,表层和底层均从近岸区向贝藻区逐渐降低,在海带区升高后向外海逐渐降低;海带区从表层向底层先降低后升高,高密度、规模化的海带养殖释放了大量的CDOM,各区域沉积物间隙水a(355)是其表层、中层和底层之和的1.3~2.5倍,CDOM在沉积物间隙水中富集并逐渐累积。②光谱斜率(S_275~295)范围为0.013~0.036,外海区和海带区S_275~295均值显著高于其他各区,海带区和外海区CDOM中海源有机质占主要成分,而近岸区以陆源有机质为主;近岸区CDOM中的腐殖酸类物质含量从表层到底层逐渐降低,沉积物中积累的富里酸类物质含量较高,海带区和外海区呈相反趋势。③比紫外吸光度(SUVA₂₅₄)范围为4.60~14.10 L/(mg·m),贝类区、贝藻区和藻类区SUVA₂₅₄均呈现出从表层到底层逐渐增大的趋势,CDOM的芳香性逐渐增强并在沉积物间隙水中达到最大;海带区和外海区沉积物间隙水中的SUVA₂₅₄显著高于其他各区。研究表明,海带区的规模化养殖活动向养殖海区及邻近海域贡献了较多的惰性溶解有机物,暗示着海带养殖活动有较强的碳汇效应,并通过海流作用向外海输送。本研究对桑沟湾海域不同养殖区域的CDOM的吸收特性和空间分布特征进行研究,可为全面了解海水养殖的碳源汇效应提供基础数据。

     

新疆博尔塔拉河干流段水量入,出关系分析

本研究运用线性系统的理论和单、双序列的频谱分析方法，分析了新疆博尔塔拉河干流段温泉站入流量、博乐站出流量的自谱特征和互谱关系。文中提出的几点结论可供流域水资源计算及评价参考     

Biochemistry and physiology of a family of eel natriuretic peptides

Three natriuretic peptides with similar structures were isolated from eels and their amino acid sequences determined; atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from atria, ventricular natriuretic peptide (VNP) from ventricles, and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) from brains. All three hormones were circulating in eel blood, and their plasma levels invariably decreased when eels were transferred from fresh water (FW) to seawater (SW). Eel ANP and VNP inhibited drinking in FW and SW eels. Eel ANP inhibited water and Na⁺ absorption by the intestine of SW eels. The potency of these ANP effects was 2–3 orders greater than those of other hormones which are known to have similar effects. Eel ANP and VNP induced antidiuresis but not antinatriuresis in FW eels. Eel ANP increased plasma cortisol level in SW eels but not in FW eels. The antidiuretic effect and the stimulation of cortisol secretion in eels are opposite to the ANP effects reported in mammals. These data suggest that ANP plays a complex role in the eel osmoregulation.

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Résumé Trois peptides natriurétiques présentant des structures similaires ont été isolés chez l'anguille et leurs séquences en acides aminés a été déterminées; le peptide atrial natriurétique (ANP) dans l'atria, le peptide ventriculaire natriurétique (VNP) dans les ventricules et le peptide natriurétique de type C dans le cerveau. Ces trois hormones sont présents dans le sang d'anguille et leur niveau plasmatique decroit invariablement quand les anguilles sont transférées d'eau douce en eau de mer. L'ANP et le VNP d'anguille inhibent l'action de boire chez les anguilles d'eau douce et d'eau de mer. L'ANP d'anguille inhibe l'absorption d'eau et de Na⁺ par l'intestin d'anguille en eau de mer. Ces effets de l'ANP sont 2 à 3 fois plus grands que ceux observés avec d'autres hormones qui sont connues pour avoir des effets similaires. L'ANP et le VNP d'anguille induisent l'antidiurèse mais pas l'antinatriurèse chez les anguilles d'eau douce. L'ANP d'anguille augmente chez ce poisson les niveaux de cortisol plasmatique en eau de mer mais pas en eau douce. L'effet antidiurétique et la stimulation de la sécrétion de cortisol chez l'anguille sont contraire aux effets de l'ANP observés chez les mammifères. Ces résultats suggèrent que l'ANP joue un role complexe dans l'osmorégulation de l'anguille.

     

钙在橄榄树器官中的定量研究

本研究用原子吸收光谱法分析了果园土壤及橄榄树体各器官中钙量和不同组分钙的含量。结果表明：0～30cm土层中钙含量最高为0．65mg／g。橄榄器官中叶的钙含量最高为4．523mg／g，其次为根、果、结果枝。地上部器官钙含量由主干一主枝一结果枝一叶片逐渐增加。在各器官中钙主要以醋酸溶钙和盐酸溶钙的形式存在。     

水稻持久抗瘟性研究

以病区时空动态效应强度检验为核心,以纬度病圃、抗谱测定和抗性信息流的追踪考证作为持久抗瘟性鉴定评价方法的基础。经综合评价,认为特特勃(Tetep)、小粒野生稻Oryzaminuta J.S.Presl ex C.B.Presl、湘资3150、天津野生稻、谷梅二号、魔王谷等具有持久抗瘟性,可作抗源用,其中小粒野生稻兼具持久抗褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens St(?)l性能;提出了持久抗瘟性鉴定的原则和方法。对持久抗瘟性的时空动态特性、广谱抗性与持久抗性的关系等进行了讨论。     

Factors Influencing the Bioavailability of Peroral Formulations of Drugs for Dogs

The oral route is presently the preferred route of drug delivery. Poor oral bioavailability results in variable concentrations of drugs in the plasma and variable pharmacological responses, in addition to higher product costs. The unique canine physiology, anatomy and biochemistry makes designing canine dosage forms a challenging exercise. This article reviews the physicochemical, physiological, pharmacokinetic, pharmacological and formulation factors that can influence the drug availability of the oral formulations in dogs in an effort to provide a source of data to aid development of canine drug products with superior bioavailability.     

镧离子对苜蓿种子萌发活力、吸水量和膜透性的影响

20～700μg/ml的La(NO3)3处理的苜蓿种子吸水速率明显加快,膜的通透性增大,呼吸作用增强.其中,用500μg/ml La(NO3)3处理效果最佳,用1200～1500μg/ml La(NO3)3处理则抑制种子萌发.