液相色谱柱后衍生法快速测定马铃薯中10种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

为了提高马铃薯氨基甲酸酯类农药残留检测效率,采用高效液相色谱柱后衍生法建立了马铃薯中10种氨基甲酸酯类农药的快速检测方法,并采用加标回收的方法测定回收率和精密度,以检验该方法的准确性和可靠性。结果表明：10种氨基甲酸酯农药回收率为77.1%～106.0%,相对标准偏差（RSDs） 为1.2%～6.7%,说明液相色谱柱后衍生法快速测定方法简单、快速、经济,可满足马铃薯中10种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的检测工作。     

食用菌双翅目害虫的采集和玻片标本制作方法

主要提供了食用菌双翅目标本的采集方法和玻片标本的制作方法。标本的采集主要是在菇房用吸虫管采集,或者用毛笔蘸取酒精直接采集;玻片的制作分为5个步骤,即浸解脱色、洗涤、脱水、整姿封盖和干燥。     

草莓叶面积简易测定方法

以透明方格法作对照,分别与叶面积的其他简易测定法(叶长度×叶宽度的系数法、叶长度与叶面积的回归法、叶宽度与叶面积的回归法)比较。结果表明吐德拉(Tudla)叶面积的每种测定方法,以叶宽度与叶面积回归法最精确,计算公式是=7.0918x-13.4784穴公式中的x是叶宽度,y是叶面积,以下相同雪;鬼怒甘(Kinuama)叶面积的测定法也是叶宽度与叶面积回归法最精确,公式是=7.3187x-14.3288。杜克拉(Dukela)叶面积的测定法,推荐用叶宽度与叶面积的回归法,公式是=6.6393x-10.6411。y=a+bx^y=a+bx^y=a+bx^     

磷肥对白蜡生长量的影响

以乔木白蜡为试验品种,通过对不同时期土壤和植物叶片取样的养分检测及对植物生长量的监测,探讨不同施肥处理,特别是施用磷肥对白蜡生长量的影响。结果表明:合理使用有机肥和无机肥,特别是磷肥的合理使用,增加了植物对氮肥的吸收,促进了土壤氮素释放。说明了磷肥在白蜡生长过程中所起的重要作用,打破了园林苗木生长过程中主要以氮肥为主要肥料施用的观念,阐述了磷肥在白蜡生长过程中对其生长量所产生的显著影响。     

白蚁肠道可培养菌群及其功能初探

白蚁是一种危害严重的昆虫,其以破坏木质而家喻户晓.文献表明,白蚁对木质强大的消化能力很大程度上取决于其肠道微生物的影响.为了探究白蚁肠道微生物的类群,本试验以黑翅土白蚁为材料,分离纯化获得其肠道主要可培养微生物的纯培养112种,其中喜氧菌35种,厌氧菌77种;在分离出的微生物类群中,通过刚果红法初步筛选出12种喜氧菌菌株可能具有纤维素酶活性,其最大透明圈达到4.0㎝×4.0㎝;进一步检测这些菌株的纤维素酶活性发现,12株菌均具有羧甲基纤维素钠盐(CMC-NA)酶活性和滤纸酶活性,但是大部分菌株羧甲基纤维素酶活性较弱,而一些菌株如 NBY14滤纸酶活较高,可达到16.188u/mL.试验结果可为黑翅土白蚁防治提供依据,亦可为纤维素酶的开发利用奠定基础.     

不同水氮处理对棉花养分吸收分配的影响

研究了南疆不同水氮处理对棉花N,P,K的吸收分配状况的影响。结果表明:大田水氮管理中前期(蕾期—花期)养分吸收受到一定的抑制作用,吸收量及净吸收率减小,之后与其他施氮处理之间无显著差异,优化施氮处理与常规施氮处理之间养分吸收差异均不显著。随着生育进程,养分分配由营养器官逐渐转向生殖器官,施氮处理中养分分配差异均不显著。优化施氮处理明显降低了施氮量,但产量和养分摄取量基本不受影响,施氮处理中每100Kg皮棉所吸收的N:P2O5:K2O的范围是1:0.32~0.33:1.10~1.14。     

Periodical characteristics of baseflow in the source region of the Yangtze River

Baseflow,which represents the drainage of groundwater aquifers,is an essential component of runoff in hydrological basins.In the source region of the Yangtze River,the change of baseflow typically reflects the interactions between groundwater system and climatic factors in cold and arid areas.With modified Kalinen separation method,annual baseflow between 1957 and 2009 in this region was estimated and calculated.In comparison with the inner-annual variations of total streamflow,baseflow showed a weaker fluctuation.Before the 1980s,it was in a steady state;and after then,it demonstrated dramatic variations and large amplitudes.Based on the calculation results of baseflow,the real Morlet wavelet method was applied to reveal the periodical characteristics of baseflow as well as the precipitation and air temperature in the study area.It was found that annual baseflow has a 43-year trend as well as a 21-year period and a 7-year period.The 21-year period is most significant,with its wavelet coefficient having the largest fluctuation and amplitude.Summation of wavelet coefficients on these periods exhibits a similar change pattern with respect to that of annual baseflow.The summation curve takes a"W"shape,which means that the baseflow follows a four-stage sequence of descending–ascending–descending–ascending.As analyzed,the relationship among baseflow,precipitation and temperature is implied in the correlation between their normalized wavelet coefficients at different temporal scales.By the significant positive linear correlations both between precipitation and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.98)and between temperature and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.90)for the 43-year wavelet coefficients,it is suggested that the long-term increasing trends of precipitation and air temperature will lead to an increasing trend of baseflow.For wavelet coefficients of 21-year and 7-year periods,the positive linear correlation between precipitation and baseflow is significant.However,the correlation between air temperature and baseflow is not so evident,especially for the 21-year period.As a conclusion, correlation analysis with normalized wavelet coefficients showed that the change of annual baseflow was contributed mostly by the change of precipitation and secondly by the change of temperature.     

聚天冬氨酸尿素施用方式对寒地水稻氮平衡及产量的影响

以绥粳18号为试验材料,进行2年的田间试验,探索优化聚天冬氨酸尿素和常规尿素的施用方式对寒地水稻氮素吸收和产量的影响。结果表明,与不施肥对照相比,施用聚天冬氨尿素(分2次和4次施用)和常规尿素分4次施皆显著提高了水稻穗、茎、叶的干物质量及氮素含量,并降低了土壤NO₃^--N和NH₄⁺-N的淋溶。其中,以聚天冬氨尿素分4次施的处理效果最佳,其籽粒氮含量、精米氮含量及有效穗数、总粒数等指标皆最高,稻谷产量较其他处理显著提高10.24%～48.07%(2019年)和18.95%～51.91%(2020年)。     

河南省浅层地下水质量评价

地下水是河南省重要的水资源。采用模糊评价法、国际F值法、一票否决法对河南浅层地下水进行评价。选用Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Hg、As、Cd、Cr6 、Pb、Ni等19个指标,按照地下水质量标准GB/T14848-93进行评价。通过对比分析典型地下水样超标组分与各种评价结果的一致性,统计分析各种评价结果的分布特征,确定了适用于河南地下水质量评价的方法是模糊评判法。评价结果表明:河南省浅层地下水中,Ⅱ类水分布面积占全省面积的54%,V类水分布面积占全省总面积的4%;控制河南地下水的关键指标为SO42-、Cl-、Fe、Mn,溶解总固体、总硬度,NO3-、NO2-。文章还对地下水水质的成因作了分析。     

基于CRITIC-GR-TOPSIS法的烟台市水资源承载力综合评价

[目的]对山东省烟台市水资源承载具体状况进行定量与定性分析,提出相应提高水资源承载力的对策和建议,为实现烟台市水资源可持续发展提供科学参考.[方法]建立涵盖水资源、社会、经济和水环境4个准则层的评价指标体系,运用CRITIC-GR-TOPSIS法,对2003-2018年烟台市水资源承载力进行综合评价,以相对贴近度Cj作...