我国近地面甲烷浓度分布及变化规律

利用我国业务使用的5个大气本底监测站的观测资料,分析了2009年1月至2013年12月不同地区近地面甲烷(CH_4)浓度的分布和变化规律。结果表明:这5年临安站CH_4浓度最高,其次是龙凤山站,上甸子站居中,而香格里拉站和瓦里关站CH_4浓度最低。上甸子站和龙凤山站CH_4浓度具有明显的双峰特征,最高值出现在夏季,次高值出现在冬季;且受人为活动的影响,CH_4浓度日变化幅度很大。而香格里拉站和瓦里关站由于海拔高,人为排放源少,只有1个峰值出现在自然源排放强烈的夏季。除上甸子站CH_4浓度呈逐年略下降趋势外,其余4个站的CH_4浓度都呈逐渐上升趋势。     

Response of seedlings growth of Pinus sylvestriformis to atmospheric CO_2 enrichment in Changbai Mountain

IntroductionGIobaIchangehasbeenoneoftheimpoFtantis-suesandscientistspaycIoseattentiontoit.ThegreatimportanceofforestecosystemisreflectednotonlybytheirhUgebiomass,butaIsobytheirsignifi-cantroIeintheglobaIcarbonbaIance.Howtreesrespondtoclimaticchangesmightbeofgreatsig-nificance.ManystudiesindicatethattherisingatmosphericCo,leveIscanmakeasubstantialeffectonplantgroWthanddevelopment.SomeonethinkcommonlythattherisingCo,levelscanstimuIatepIantgroWthandbiomassproduction,sincephotosynthesisofC…     

A Integrate-Reset-Controlled Single Phase Power Factor Correction with High Efficiency

A novel single phase boost type power factor correction circuit is introduced .The converter's efficiency is greatly improved by improving on the traditional boost type power factor correction circuit. Integrate Reset Control circuit is adopted to realize unity power factor. The Integrate Reset Control high efficiency single phase boost type power factor corrector has these characteristics as follows: It's constant frequency operation, which is of advantage of the design of filter. The control circuit is very simple and no need for multiplier. The result is quiet perfect, the input current follows the input voltage very well. The efficiency is very high. The result of simulation and experiment proves the correction of theory analysis.     

温度对Olsen法测定潮土速效磷的影响和校正方法的探讨

探讨了温度对Ｏｌｓｅｎ法测定潮土速效磷的影响，结果表明，撮温度和速效磷浸出量之间呈极显著正相关，这种影响又与土壤速效磷贮量有关。根据统计分析得出比率（Ｐ２５／Ｐ１）与温度之间的有关参数，确定了包含土壤磷素水平影响在内的１０￣３０℃温度范围的经验校正式：Ｐ２５＝Ｐｔ（Ａ＋Ｂｔ）经检验，不同土样任意温度下测定值的校正值与２５℃时测定值无显著差异，符合试验要求。     

水准仪的校正以及校正时应注意的事项

文章介绍了在野外作业中对水准仪检查与校正的方法,并且提出在校正时应注意的事项。     

Bimodal grain-size distribution of Chinese loess, and its palaeoclimatic implications

Grain-size analysis indicates that Chinese loess generally shows a bimodal distribution with a coarse and a fine component. The coarse component, comprising the main part of the loess, has pronounced kurtosis and is well sorted, which is interpreted to be the product of dust storms generated by low-altitude northwesterly winds. Its grain-size reflects the strength of the low-altitude circulation in the dust seasons of the year, and its percentage provides an indicator of the source area aridity and the frequency of dust storms. Conversely, the fine component has a wide grain-size range and is poorly sorted. Sedimentary illustrations based on the grain-size distribution characteristics of bulk samples and of detrital quartz suggest that the fine component probably represents the background dust load of the atmosphere and is mainly transported by high-altitude westerly airstreams. Its grain-size provides an estimate of the westerly air stream intensity. The coarse and fine components of a loess sample can be mathematically separated by fitting a designated mathematical distribution function to the measured grain-size data, and this procedure constitutes an approach for reconstructing the palaeowind system of Northern China.     

Reliability model for Subsystems of CNC machine tool with small samples

Many subsystems in CNC machine tool have only a few failures, so they are small samples. In this case, classical reliability modeling method often has large errors. For the failure data of small sample, maximum likelihood estimation method is used to estimate the Weibull distribution model parameters of time between failures of the subsystems. Then, the Weibull distribution model parameters are modified by parameter bias correction method. Finally, the effect of bias correction parametersis tested by the D test and the error area ratio test method. The test results show that the modified models are better.     

Enhancing the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) approach for estimating landscape ET: Validation with the METRIC model

Evapotranspiration (ET) can be derived from satellite data using surface energy balance principles. METRIC (Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration) is one of the most widely used models available in the literature to estimate ET from satellite imagery. The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model is much easier and less expensive to implement. The main purpose of this research was to present an enhanced version of the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model and to evaluate its performance using the established METRIC model. In this study, SSEB and METRIC ET fractions were compared using 7 Landsat images acquired for south central Idaho during the 2003 growing season. The enhanced SSEB model compared well with the METRIC model output exhibiting an r² improvement from 0.83 to 0.90 in less complex topography (elevation less than 2000 m) and with an improvement of r² from 0.27 to 0.38 in more complex (mountain) areas with elevation greater than 2000 m. Independent evaluation showed that both models exhibited higher variation in complex topographic regions, although more with SSEB than with METRIC. The higher ET fraction variation in the complex mountainous regions highlighted the difficulty of capturing the radiation and heat transfer physics on steep slopes having variable aspect with the simple index model, and the need to conduct more research. However, the temporal consistency of the results suggests that the SSEB model can be used on a wide range of elevation (more successfully up 2000 m) to detect anomalies in space and time for water resources management and monitoring such as for drought early warning systems in data scarce regions. SSEB has a potential for operational agro-hydrologic applications to estimate ET with inputs of surface temperature, NDVI, DEM and reference ET.     

1980～2005年广东农民持久收入与消费的协整分析

文章根据弗里德曼的持久收入理论，应用单位根检验、协整检验以及误差修正模型分析等一系列经济计量方法，对1980～2005年广东农民持久收入与消费支出的关系进行了研究．实证结果表明，广东农民的持久收入与消费支出关系密切；农民的消费支出强烈地依赖于其收入的增加；前期的收入支出节余对当期的消费支出影响很大．     

遥感区域大小对森林蓄积估测影响规律的研究

该文将 1幅TM遥感图像分别分成 1 4及 1 2幅 ,通过实例分析了 1 4,1 2及整幅TM图像所能达到的几何精校正精度 .然后 ,以样地对应的遥感和GIS信息为影响森林蓄积估测的变量 ,采用最小二乘原理及岭迹分析 ,研究了上述 3种不同面积幅值图像对应林区影响森林蓄积估测的主要变量 .由 3种不同面积遥感区域蓄积估测方程中所含变量的个数、种类及预报精度 ,详细分析了遥感区域大小对蓄积估测的影响规律