沙打旺种带真菌检测

对来自江苏，河南，河北，辽宁，陕西和内蒙古等６个省（自治区）的沙打旺种样进行了植株残体检验，洗涤检验和真菌分离培养检验，探讨了光照与种子表面消毒处理在分离培养检验中的作用，并以解剖检验法研究了真菌在种子内的侵染部位。结果表明：以水琼脂为培养基进行分离培养检验可较为全面地检测沙打旺的种带真菌，光照与表面消毒处理对真菌检出种数及检出率无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）。种子间的植株残体是传带病原真菌的重要来源，残体检验是了解种子与植株健康状况的重要方面。从来自６省（区）的种子及种子间植株残体上共分离鉴定出２３种真菌。根据田间检验结果，可以确定的重要病原真菌是小丛壳（Ｇｌｏｍｅｒｅｌａｓｐ．），拉伯兰单胞锈（ＵｒｏｍｙｃｅｓｌａｐｐｏｎｉｃｕｓＬａｇｅｒｈ），茎点霉（Ｐｈｏｍａｓｐ．），匍柄霉（ＳｔｅｍｐｈｙｌｉｕｍｂｏｔｒｙｏｓｕｍＷａｌｒ）和立枯丝核菌（ＲｈｉｚｏｃｔｏｎｉａｓｏｌａｎｉＫｕｈｍ）。解剖检验表明，茎点霉，匍柄霉，细交链孢〔Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａａｌｔｅｒｎａｔａ（Ｆｒ．）Ｋｅｉｓｌ〕和多主枝孢〔Ｃｌａｄｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍｈｅｒｂａｒｕｍ（Ｐｅｒｓ）Ｌｉｎｋ〕等真菌主要存在于子叶内，种皮上仅发现产黄青霉（Ｐ     

灌服黄芪多糖对奶牛产奶量、免疫性能及抗氧化性能的影响

【目的】研究黄芪多糖(APS)对奶牛产奶量、免疫功能及抗氧化性能的影响。【方法】选取体况良好,体重、产奶量、泌乳天数、胎次接近的中国荷斯坦奶牛44头,随机分为对照组(CK)及APS20、APS55和APS90组,每组11头。所有试验牛均饲喂基础饲粮。对照组灌服温水200 mL,试验组分别灌服20、55、和90 g/d的APS溶液200 mL,预试期10 d,正试期60 d。正试期内,每10 d统计1次产奶量;于正试期的第0、30、60天采集乳样,测定乳中体细胞数(SCC);于正试期第0、30、60天晨饲前,采集奶牛尾根静脉血样,测定血清中相关免疫指标、抗氧化指标。【结果】在试验全期,各组产奶量均差异不显著(P>0.05)。在体细胞数方面,与CK组相比,第30和60天时,APS55组体细胞评分(SCS)均显著降低(P<0.05),APS20和APS90组SCS在各时间点均差异不显著(P>0.05),且APS90组极显著高于APS55组(P<0.01)。在免疫指标方面,与CK组相比,第30天时,APS20组血清中白细胞介素2(IL-2)含量显著增加(P<0.0...     

黄芪多糖和低浓度嗜水气单胞菌对中华绒螯蟹免疫相关因子基因表达的影响

采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法研究黄芪多糖和低浓度嗜水气单胞菌对中华绒螯蟹免疫相关因子基因表达的影响。结果表明:注射低浓度嗜水气单胞菌后,河蟹血细胞抗脂多糖因子(ALF)、热休克蛋白(HSP)、抗菌肽(Crus1)、脂肪酸结合蛋白酶(EsFABP3)、JAK通路细胞受体因子(EsDOME)、JAK通路信号转导与转录激活因子(EsSTAT)、河蟹肝胰腺HSP、EsFABP3和EsSTAT及河蟹鳃组织HSP的基因表达水平显著上调(P<0.05),黄芪多糖能够显著提高河蟹血细胞中ALF、酚氧化酶(PO)、HSP、Crus1、Toll样受体基因(TLR)、EsFABP3、EsJAK、EsDOME、EsSTAT、河蟹肝胰腺中ALF、PO、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)、HSP、TLR、EsFABP3、EsJAK、EsSTAT及河蟹鳃组织中ALF、GPX、HSP、Crus1、masquerade样蛋白(MasL)、TLR、EsJAK、EsDOME和EsSTAT的基因表达水平(P<0.05)。除了HSP和MasL外,注射黄芪多糖的河蟹免疫相关因子的基因表达水平普遍高于嗜水气单胞菌组河蟹。     

条带式改良陡坡草地的研究

对条带式补播改良陡坡草地效果研究的结果表明，条带式改良草地可以提高产草量，较天然草地风干草产量提高１７６．３０％－２２５．７％（Ｐ＜０．０１），且可以改善草群品质，草群中豆科牧草的比重由原来的２４．０４％增加到７５．．４６％，有毒有害植物明显减少。草地植工由原来的４２．５％提高到８３．５％。改变了植物群落结构，将蒿属植物为建群的落变为沙打旺－野艾蒿－万年蓬组成的群落。改良草地地表径流比天然草地减少     

黄芪中药组合方剂对奶牛乳房炎的治疗效果

奶牛在产奶阶段发生较多的疾病主要为乳房炎,从而影响产奶量,奶牛一旦患上乳房炎,会导致奶牛生长发育缓慢,经济效益也会受到很大的影响.笔者在多年的临床上,应用黄芪对奶牛乳房炎进行防治,取得了显著治疗效果.本文重点对黄芪中药制剂在奶牛乳房炎防治中的生理功能和预防奶牛乳房炎的作用机理进行阐述,以供同行参考.     

黄芪多糖对断奶幼兔生长性能、腹泻率及免疫功能的影响

为研究黄芪多糖(APS)对断奶幼兔生长性能、腹泻率及免疫功能的影响,试验选取100只28日龄的断奶幼兔,随机分为5组,每组20只幼兔.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加100、200、400、800 mg/kg的APS,预试期5 d,正式试验期30 d.结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,200 mg/kg AP...     

Therapeutic effects of losartan and astragalus membranaceus on diabetic nephropathy

AIM: To observe the protective effects of losartan and astragalus membranace on the kidney of diabetic rats, and to study their possible mechanisms. METHODS: The diabetic rats were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. At the end of 12th week,changes in urinary albumin excretion, urinary β₂-MG excretion, Ccr,NO,ET-1 levels in blood, urinary and renal tissue were observed. Serum and urinary TGF-β₁ concentration,average volume of glomeruler,average thickness of glomerular basement membrane were also measured. RESULTS: In the treated diabetic rats, urinary albumin excretion, urinary β₂-MG excretion, Ccr, urinary and renal tissue NO, urinary TGF-β₁, average volume of glomeruler, average thickness of glomerular basement membrane decreased obviously as compared with diabetic untreated rats. These effects were enhanced when losartan was combined with astragalus membranace. CONCLUSION: Losartan or astragalus membranace reversed the injury of renal structure and function in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The protective effects were enhanced when losartan was combined with astragalus membranace. The decrease in NO,ET,TGF-β₁ concentration in renal tissue may be one of mechanisms for this action.     

Astragalus polysaccharides attenuate endothelial cell injury caused by homocysteine via AMPK pathway

AIM:To investigate the protective effect of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injured by homocysteine (Hcy) and its mechanism. METHODS:HUVECs cultured in vitro were divided into 4 groups:control group, APS group[APS (200 mg/L) treatment for 24 h], Hcy group[Hcy (1 mmol/L) treatment for 24 h], and Hcy+APS group[Hcy (1 mmol/L) and APS (200 mg/L) co-treatment for 24 h]. The cell viability were measured by MTT assay. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and superoxidase dismutase (SOD), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in HUVECs were detected by the commercial kits. The mRNA expression of SOD1, catalase (CAT) and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) was detected by RT-qPCR. The protein levels of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) and phosphorylated AMPKα (p-AMPKα) were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with control group, the cell viability, the activity of SOD, and the mRNA expression of SOD1 and CAT in the HUVECs were decreased, but the activity of LDH, the content of MDA, and the mRNA expression of NOX2 were increased significantly in Hcy group(P<0.05). APS inhibited the decrease in cell viability, and the increases in LDH acti-vity and MDA content induced by Hcy. APS increased SOD activity and the mRNA expression of SOD1 and CAT, but reduced the mRNA expression of NOX2. Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, reduced the protective effect of APS on HUVECs injured by Hcy. CONCLUSION:APS protects HUVECs from Hcy-induced injury via AMPK signaling pathway to regulate intracellular oxidative stress.     

黄芪多糖注射液对麝鼠副粘病毒病的临床应用效果

应用黄芪多糖注射液对７６只患副粘病毒病的麝鼠进行了临床治疗，每只病麝鼠注射２ｍｌ仔病鼠注射１ｍｌ，每天注射１次，连续注射２～３次，治愈率达８１．５％，用该注射液对同群未发病的麝鼠１１５只进行预防注射，每只成鼠注射２ｍｌ，仔鼠注射１ｍｌ，每天注射１次，共注射２次，结果预防注射组９０．４％保护，未注射该药物的２３只对照组麝鼠全部发病并死亡１５只。     

豆蚜为害对黄芪叶片总叶绿素及营养物质含量的影响

为了明确豆蚜与寄主黄芪的互作关系及机理,本研究在人工气候箱内培育黄芪幼苗至15~20 cm左右时,分别接入10日龄成蚜10、20、30头/株和40头/株,并以0头/株作为空白对照,在豆蚜持续取食2、4、6 d和8 d后,分别采集黄芪叶片,测定总叶绿素和营养物质的含量。结果表明,随着虫口密度的增加和取食时间的延长,黄芪叶片内总叶绿素和营养物质含量均发生变化。其中总叶绿素含量随着虫口密度增加和取食时间延长均逐渐下降。在40头/株虫口密度处理下,处理2 d,总叶绿素含量降低至11.06 mg/g,比对照降低41.97%。在相同处理时间下,可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量随着虫口密度的增加而降低;在10、20头/株和30头/株虫口密度处理下,可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量随取食时间的延长先下降,后升高,再下降,但在40头/株虫口密度处理下,随取食时间延长,可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量逐渐下降,处理8 d,其含量为8.39 mg/g和27.33 mg/g,分别比对照下降41.86%和37.79%;在相同处理时间下,游离氨基酸含量随着虫口密度的增加而降低;在10头/株虫口密度处理下,随取食时间的延长先下降,后上升,再下降,其他虫口密度处理下,游离氨基酸含量随取食时间的延长,均呈逐渐递减趋势;在30和40头/株虫口密度处理下,为害2 d,游离氨基酸含量为8.49 μmol/g和7.69 μmol/g,分别比对照降低40.30%和45.92%,以后(4~8 d)其含量与处理2 d时无显著差异(P＞0.05)。综上,随着虫口密度增加和取食时间的延长,黄芪叶片内叶绿素和营养物质含量均发生变化,这对中草药黄芪的蚜虫防治具有参考价值。