民国时期中华职业教育社乡村建设活动述论

20世纪20年代末30年代初,中国历史上形成了一次大规模的乡村建设运动。作为足以代表这个运动的整个方面之较早者——中华职业教育社鉴于农村的衰落,与一般农业学校造就的人材,不合实际的需要,并且不能担当挽救农村衰落的重任,主张改变方向,把职业教育的范围扩大,深入到农村里去,(1)积极投入到乡村建设运动中,在长江三角洲地区展开了一系列的乡村建设活动。     

功能标记及在品种鉴定和辅助育种中的应用前景

功能标记是根据功能基因内部引起表型性状变异的多态性基序开发出来的一种新型分子标记.由于来自基因内的功能性基序,此类标记不需要进一步验证就可以在不同的遗传背景下确定目标等位基因的有无.本文详细描述了功能标记的概念及与其它几种类型遗传标记相比存在的优势:提出了功能标记开发的基本条件和发展策略.利用关联分析方法和近等基因系途径可以获得直接或间接的功能标记.结合本单位的研究方向,探讨了功能标记在分子标记辅助育种和品种鉴定中的应用潜力和开展相关工作的一些设想.     

利用SLAF-seq结合BSA方法发掘大豆种皮色相关基因

种皮色不仅是一个形态标记,还是一种重要的进化性状,与大豆商品性、营养价值以及抗性关系密切.本研究以黄色种皮大豆品系BMY及其褐色种皮衍生品系BMZ为亲本,从F2群体中分别挑选出黄色种皮和褐色种皮的植株各9株,构建了两个极端性状混合池DNA文库,借助SLAF-seq和BSA技术,挖掘大豆种皮色性状相关候选基因.对于26 ...     

The community idea in American country life

The American Country LifeAssociation was heir to Theodore Roosevelt'sCountry Life Commission, which examined thegeneral conditions of farming life in the opencountry, and...its larger problems. In1919, Kenyon Butterfield, a member ofRoosevelt's Commission, met withrepresentatives from 30 states and 25 nationalorganizations to form the American Country LifeAssociation. In that year, Butterfield, ACLA'sfirst president, published a book, TheFarmer and the New Day, whose defining chapterwas The Making of Communities: The CommunityIdea. The ACLA was educator created and led.Solutions to rural problems were seen aseducational matters. But educational philosophywas undergoing scrutiny and new educationalconcepts were arising from the bustling,industrializing, urbanizing times of late19th century. The experimental,unconstrained spirit of the nation at the turnof the century was formalized as pragmatism. Aleading pragmatist and educator of the time wasJohn Dewey, a contemporary of Butterfield.The communitarianism of Butterfield and Deweycarried throughout the life of ACLA in avariety of forms. Even after ACLA ended as anorganization in 1976, the concerns and idealscontinued in successor organizations, and canbe found in environmental, sustainableagriculture, and rural life organizationstoday. This paper traces one of continuingthemes of the ACLA, the community idea as a wayof adding a social dimension to agriculture'seconomic policies and development. The ACLAstory is a metaphor for country life throughmuch of 20th century America. ACLA is alsoa lesson in how organizations come into being,flourish, falter, die, and leave their legaciesto future generations.     

台湾农业金库对农渔会信用部的支持分析

台湾农业金库是台湾农渔会信用部的上级主管机关,该金库成立以来,积极改善信用部经营状况,并已取得良好成效.以农业金库成立的背景及功能为出发点,探讨分析其对信用部的支持措施和支持困境,并从制度先行、政策支持、创新模式、构建体系等4个方面为大陆农村金融机构的改革和发展提供相关借鉴.     

Association analysis reveals effects of wheat glutenin alleles and rye translocations on dough-mixing properties

The glutenin loci of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are important determinants of bread-making quality, although the effects of alleles at those loci are incompletely understood. We applied an association analysis method to assess the effects of glutenin alleles and 1RS wheat–rye (Secale cereale L.) translocations on dough-mixing properties in 96 wheat cultivars and advanced lines grown at three Colorado locations while accounting for population structure and relatedness of individuals in the population. The results indicated that (1) in the majority of cases, controlling relatedness of individuals reduced the significance of associations between glutenin loci and Mixograph traits; (2) the Glu-D1 and Glu-B3 loci and 1RS translocations had greater impacts on dough-mixing properties compared to other glutenin loci; (3) Glu-B1w, Glu-D1d, and Glu-B3b were consistently associated with greater (more favorable) Mixograph peak time (MPT) than other alleles at the respective loci, whereas Glu-B1e, Glu-D1a, and Glu-B3c were associated with reduced MPT; (4) the 1BL.1RS translocation was associated with a decrease in Mixograph properties. Our results indicate that taking multiple-level relatedness of individuals into account can improve the results of association analysis for wheat-quality traits.     

The influence of abiotic stress conditions on dough mixing characteristics of two hard red spring wheat cultivars

Two commercial hard red spring wheat cultivars were exposed to high and low temperatures, as well as drought stress when the main tiller kernels were at the soft dough stage. The trial was done in the greenhouse for two consecutive seasons to determine the effects of these stress conditions on protein content, SDS sedimentation and selected Mixsmart characteristics. Heat stress had the largest effect on mixing characteristics. Heat and drought stress caused a significant increase in flour protein content of both cultivars and had similar effects on mixing characteristics. The Mixsmart characteristics associated with dough strength were increased by heat and drought stress. Cold stress caused a slight increase in protein content of the cultivars, but in general caused a reduction in dough strength as measured with Mixsmart characteristics. The reaction of Mixsmart characteristics to heat and drought stress was much larger in Duzi than in Kariega, confirming that there is a large genotype effect in rheological characteristics.     

新型分子标记的开发和利用

比较遗传分析中常用的随机DNA分子标记、目的基因标记、功能性分子标记。综述了近年开发的几种分子标记,并对新型分子标记（功能性分子标记）进行阐述,如何利用Tilling技术和关联分析的方法开发功能性分子标记,并介绍了功能性分子标记的优点和利用前景。     

Apriori算法在棉花病虫害分析中的应用

为了快速准确地掌握棉花虫害发生趋势,提高虫情测报的时效性和准确性,采用Apriori算法数据挖掘关联规则,对棉花上的3种害虫棉铃虫、棉叶螨、棉蚜的发生趋势进行综合分析。通过Apriori算法寻找出了气候因素与棉花三大害虫的发生发展有密切的关系,尤其气温变化直接影响到棉花害虫的发生种类、发生期及发生量。联规则数据挖掘技术,在处理大量农业信息数据中起着非常重要的作用,Apriori算法在棉花病虫测报工作中将是一项新的技术,具有非常广泛的应用前景。     

农业协会可持续发展路径研究——河北省顺平县东阳各庄红富士苹果协会发展问题调查报告

20世纪90年代以前,位于太行山东麓的河北省顺平县东阳各庄村一直处于贫困状态,进入20世纪90年代以后,该村依托苹果协会大力发展苹果业,使村民迅速致富。在对该协会组织模式及其功能现状实际调查分析的基础上,发现其存在"协会发展已陷入‘瓶颈’,不能帮助农民持续增收"的潜在隐患,并分别从农户和协会角度分析其原因,最后得出应"尽快将协会转化为专业合作社"的结论,并提出协会转化为专业合作社的具体步骤,以及加强农民标准化意识及合作理念的培训等对策建议。