利用显性选择标记基因转化稻瘟病菌（英文）

 利用抗药性标记基因(Hygromycin B, hygB)建立稻瘟病菌的转化系统。结果表明， Aspergillus的TrpC转录信号与细菌的hygB抗性结构基因重组的质粒pCSN43可取在稻瘟病菌中表达，该质粒与受体菌无同源顺序，因而有利于对转化菌株进行筛选和分析。 电激法和PEG/Ca^2＋ 法均适用于转化稻瘟病菌，但后者的转化效率比前者高。     

Neuroprotective Metabolites from Vietnamese Marine Derived Fungi of Aspergillus and Penicillium Genera

Low molecular weight secondary metabolites of marine fungi Aspergillus flocculosus, Aspergillus terreus and Penicillium sp. from Van Phong and Nha Trang Bays (Vietnam) were studied and a number of polyketides, bis-indole quinones and terpenoids were isolated. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS techniques. Stereochemistry of some compounds was established based on ECD data. A chemical structure of asterriquinone F (6) was thoroughly described for the first time. Anthraquinone (13) was firstly obtained from a natural source. Neuroprotective influences of the isolated compounds against 6-OHDA, paraquat and rotenone toxicity were investigated. 4-Hydroxyscytalone (1), 4-hydroxy-6-dehydroxyscytalone (2) and demethylcitreoviranol (3) have shown significant increasing of paraquat- and rotenone-treated Neuro-2a cell viability and anti-ROS activity.     

花生黄曲霉抗性与类受体蛋白激酶的相关性分析

LRR类受体激酶RH4基因在花生黄曲霉敏感品种发育种子的种皮中上调表达.基于这类受体激酶多由于序列的变异导致抗性的变异,笔者将数据库中花生抗黄曲霉和敏感品种相似基因编码的蛋白进行序列比较分析,发现抗性品种与敏感品种的类似蛋白序列有很大差别.用荧光定量PCR方法对抗性品种KB153与敏感品种JH1012发育中不同时期的果...     

Evaluation of the Pathotypes of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Preliminary Analysis of the Resistant Reactions of Main Japonica Rice in the Yunnan Plateau, China

The pathogenicity of 36 isolates of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae （Xoo）, which were collected from japonica rice varieties in the Yunnan Plateau, China, was evaluated. It was evaluated on 29 rice varieties including a set of seven varieties to identify pathogenicity, i.e., Haonuoyang, TN1, Kogyoku, Zhenzhu＇ai, IR26, Nanjing 33, and Kinmaze, which may be considered as a set of differential varieties for Xoo races from Yunnan japonica rice. The efficiency of the seven varieties was further confirmed. The results showed reversible and specific interactions between isolates and varieties. The isolates were classified into nine pathotypes from pathotyp Ⅰ to Ⅸ according to their pathogenic reactions on the seven rice varieties. The pathotype V was the epidemic, whereas pathogen Ⅶ was the most pathogenic. Most japonica varieties grown in the Yunnan Plateau were susceptible to Xoo. The rice lines IRBB21 （Xa-21）, Zhachanglong （Xa-22,, Xa- 24,）, and IR1545-339 （xa-5）, which were resistant to all the isolates tested, can be used as donors of resistant genes for bacterial blight in japonica rice breeding in the Yunnan Plateau.     

含顺丁烯二酸酐结构化合物抑制黑曲霉性能的研究

[目的]研究含顺丁烯二酸酐结构化合物侧链结构与抑制黑曲霉效果的关系。[方法]选取7种常见含顺丁烯二酸酐结构化合物以及变构霉素,用牛津杯法进行抑制黑曲霉试验。[结果]3,6-二氯邻苯二甲酸酐在10g／L浓度下对黑曲霉有较好的抑制作用,变构霉素在1g／L浓度下仍对黑曲霉有一定的抑制作用。[结论]含顺丁烯二酸酐结构化合物侧链含有氧对抑制黑曲霉有促进作用,而含有苯环则不能增强其对抑制黑曲霉的活性。     

米根霉HZS6生产高光学纯度L-乳酸发酵条件的研究

通过研究和控制初始发酵条件,比较产物L-乳酸、D-乳酸组成变化,得出提高L-乳酸光学纯度的米根霉发酵生产条件：在pH6．0、温度34℃、初始葡萄糖浓度100g／L、NH。NO3 2g／L、添加1．5g／L L-乳酸的适合条件下,米根霉HZS6能够发酵生产光学纯度99％以上的L-乳酸,其转化率达到80％,终浓度为81．3g／L。     

黑曲霉发酵对咖啡碱代谢的影响

普洱茶固态发酵过程的实质是微生物代谢作用,而黑曲霉在代谢中为优势菌,对咖啡碱代谢产生巨大影响。以黑曲霉为单一菌种,分别接种到茶叶、茶汤和含咖啡碱的液态培养基,并测定不同发酵阶段嘌呤碱的含量。结果表明,黑曲霉对茶叶碱的影响大于可可碱,对可可碱的影响大于咖啡碱,在咖啡碱液态培养基发酵中,茶叶碱增加幅度最大,且与咖啡碱浓度存在正相关性。     

Evaluation of chitosan and alginate immobilized Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20 on tomato plant growth

Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20, a promising plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) and a biocontrol agent, was immobilized in different formulations such as wet chitosan, dry chitosan, wet alginate and dry alginate and were tested for tomato plant growth promotion. Chitosan solution (1.5%) with pH 5.5–6.0 and 90 min contact time was found optimal for immobilization. The chitosan formulations showed better entrapment efficiency and good degradability resistance apart from slow release of cells under prolonged incubation. Survivability of bacteria (80%) was observed in wet chitosan formulation even after 90 days of storage at 4°C. The spermosphere survival of bacteria was high in both dry and wet chitosan formulations applied soils even after 21 days under greenhouse conditions. While the alginate formulation degraded fully, partial degradation of chitosan formulation was observed even after 30 days, indicating its ability to support the survival of M. oryzae CBMB20 in soil. Plants inoculated with wet chitosan formulation registered 1.3 fold increase in the shoot and root length and dry weight compared to other treatments. Hence, chitosan formulation supporting better plant growth compared to alginate will be a better carrier for taking bacteria to the plant rhizosphere and thereby promote plant growth.     

鄂西南地区2012-2014年稻瘟病菌致病性变化分析

为研究鄂西南地区稻瘟病病菌的致病型,将2012-2014年采自鄂西南地区感病水稻并分离保存的136个菌株分别接种到7个中国鉴别品种和15个水稻抗稻瘟病单基因系品种上,以中国鉴别品种中的丽江新团黑谷为感病对照,基于7个中国鉴别品种的鉴定结果表明:136个菌株中有121个具有致病性,分属于ZA、ZB、ZC、ZE、ZF、ZG共6群11个生理小种,ZB为优势种群,但ZC频率逐年升高,到2014年与ZB势均力敌;ZB13为第一优势生理小种,ZC15和ZB15所占比例逐年升高.15个水稻抗稻瘟病菌单基因系的鉴定结果将121个菌株分为77个致病型,且不同年份分离的菌株致病力差异较大.90%以上菌株对含有Pib、Pit和Pi11抗病基因的水稻单基因系有致病力,而对含有Pi9和Pikh抗病基因的水稻单基因系的致病力较弱,不到10%.此结果可以为育种工作者及当地农业部门的品种布局提供参考.     

碱预处理玉米芯生物转化L-乳酸

玉米芯经碱预处理后,采用米根霉对其发酵制备L-乳酸,同时考察分步糖化发酵(SHF)和同步糖化发酵(SSF)两种工艺。实验结果表明,水洗碱预处理玉米芯酶水解性能优于未水洗碱预处理玉米芯,水洗过程可显著提高米根霉发酵性能。分步糖化发酵工艺下,米根霉于40℃下发酵48 h,可将含有31.84 g/L葡萄糖、6.38 g/L木糖的酶解液转化为14.65 g/L的L-乳酸,L-乳酸得率为0.29 g/g(以绝干物料计,下同);同步糖化发酵工艺下,米根霉40℃发酵36 h将底物质量浓度为50 g/L的水洗碱预处理玉米芯高效转化为L-乳酸,L-乳酸得率为0.44 g/g。