摩西球囊霉对芦笋幼苗生长和矿质营养吸收的影响

摩西球囊霉（Glomus mosseae,GM）是球囊霉属丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi,AMF）,具有对环境适应力强、应用范围广的特点。为探明摩西球囊霉对芦笋育苗的应用效果,采用营养钵育苗播种对芦笋进行GM接种处理,研究GM对芦笋幼苗生长、菌根侵染及矿质营养吸收的影响。结果表明：接种GM后芦笋幼苗生物量显著提高,植株根系具有较高的菌根依赖性。GM对芦笋幼苗根系的侵染呈现“S”形变化趋势,播种10周后,GM对芦笋幼苗根系达到较高程度的侵染,且GM菌根苗的根系活力和叶绿素含量与不接种对照相比显著提高。接种GM显著促进了植株对矿质元素特别是P的吸收,其次为Mg。接种GM培育菌根苗的技术应用于芦笋栽培可以培育壮苗,缩短苗期,节省肥料,提高养分利用率。     

植物生长调节剂对白芦笋花药培养来源试管苗生根诱导的研究

为建立白芦笋单倍体育种技术体系以解决白芦笋新品种资源贫乏问题,以白芦笋花药培养经愈伤组织途径分化而来的绿芽的茎尖为外植体,研究培养基中不同生长素(IBA、IAA、NAA)和植物生长延缓剂(S3307)对白芦笋试管苗生根的影响.结果表明:IBA单独使用可诱导试管苗生根,但有效生根率低;复合使用IBA、NAA和IAA 3 种生长素能提高试管苗的有效生根率;较高培养温度 (25±1) ℃下,在生根培养基中添加植物生长延缓剂S3307 0.1 mg/L,能提高试管苗的有效生根率;白芦笋花药培养来源试管苗适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS KT 0.1 mg/L NAA 0.1 mg/L IAA 0.5 mg/L IBA 2.0 mg/L S3307 0.1 mg/L.     

Impact of intercropping of medicinal and aromatic plants with organic farming approach on resource use efficiency in arecanut (Areca catechu L.) plantation in India

The present investigation was conducted at Vittal, Karnataka, India during 2004-2007 to study the feasibility of intercropping of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) in arecanut plantation. The results revealed that MAPs can be successfully grown as intercrops in arecanut plantation with increased productivity and net income per unit area. Kernel equivalent yield of MAPs varied between 272 kg ha⁻¹ in case of Piper longum to 1218 kg ha⁻¹ in Cymbopogon flexuosus. Pooled data indicated that Asparagus racemosus produced fresh root yield of 10,666 kg ha⁻¹ of arecanut plantation and contributed to maximum kernel equivalent yield of 1524 kg ha⁻¹ among all medicinal and aromatic plants. Intercropping of MAPs in arecanut was found economical. The net return per rupee investment was highest in C. flexuosus (4.25) followed by Bacopa monnieri (3.64), Ocimum basilicum (3.46) and Artemisia pallens (3.12). The total system productivity of arecanut + MAPs intercropping system varied from 2990 to 4144 kg ha⁻¹. Arecanut + O. basilicum intercropping system registered significantly higher production efficiency 8.2 kg ha⁻¹ day⁻¹ than other systems. Intercropping of MAPs had more positive effect on soil pH in arecanut based cropping system. The soil pH was 5.6 in 2004 and it was 0.3-0.9 units higher in 2007. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content varied significantly due to intercropping of MAPs at the end of experiment. The SOC content increased in Aloe vera, A. pallens, P. longum and B. monnieri, while it depleted in grasses and rhizomatic MAPs. Based on demand and marketing opportunities for MAPs, farmers are advised to grow aromatic plants in large areas on a community basis to meet huge industrial demand and variety of medicinal crops in small areas to meet the requirement of traditional systems of medicine.     

石刁柏中总氨基酸的含量测定

目的:建立石刁柏中总氨基酸含量的测定方法。方法:以3%茚三酮及pH6.0醋酸钠-醋酸缓冲液为显色剂,置沸水浴中显色20 min,于568 nm处测定吸光度。结果:线性方程为Y=0.128X-0.0539,r=0.9993。线性范围为1.1296~11.296μg/mL。回收率为99.72%,RSD=1.3%。结论:该方法可用于石刁柏的质量控制。     

纳米膜包装对冷藏绿芦笋不同部位品质的影响

为了研究纳米膜对芦笋的保鲜效果及芦笋贮藏后不同部位的可食品质,分析了两种纳米膜包装袋A和E对其在(2℃±1℃)冷藏期间绿芦笋不同部位品质变化的影响。结果表明,冷藏期间绿芦笋硬度增加,与对照相比,纳米膜包装对茎头部、中部和基部均有延缓硬度增加的作用,而E包装延缓绿芦笋的硬化效果优于A包装;冷藏期间叶绿素含量下降,纳米膜包装贮藏7d后,E包装对茎头部叶绿素含量下降有延缓作用,但对芦笋基部的叶绿素含量,不同包装处理间无明显差异。E包装延缓了VC含量的损失,保持了较高的酸含量,A包装保鲜效果略差。相同纳米膜包装的绿芦笋不同部位的硬度、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖和总黄酮含量显著不同。绿芦笋的基部硬度和可溶性糖含量显著大于茎头部,但基部叶绿素含量和总黄酮含量小于茎头部;随着冷藏时间的延长,茎头部附近硬度升高相对较缓,基部变硬显著,茎头部位叶绿素含量下降趋势较陡,基部叶绿素含量变化平缓;两部位可溶性糖和总黄酮含量均呈平缓下降趋势。     

天门冬多糖对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞体外增殖的影响

本试验旨在研究天门冬多糖对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞体外增殖的影响。从正常小鼠分离脾脏淋巴细胞体外培养,在细胞培养体系中分别加入终浓度为50、100、200、400 mg/L天门冬多糖或配合刀豆素(5 mg/L)作用24、487、2 h,以MTT法测定细胞的增殖程度。结果表明,天门冬多糖可显著促进体外培养的小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖,并与ConA有协同作用。     

Yield,dry matter and polysaccharides content of the mushroom Agaricus blazei produced on asparagus straw substrate

The aim of this work is to evaluate the potential of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) straw as a raw material for cultivating Agaricus blazei Murrill (ABM). On non-supplemented asparagus straw substrate, the yield and biological efficiency (BE) of ABM were respectively 6.7 kg/m² and 30.2%. Addition of appropriate amounts of cottonseed hull or cow manure to the substrate increased the mushroom yield significantly. The mushroom yield on asparagus straw + cottonseed hull substrate was higher than that on asparagus straw + cow manure substrate. Maximum mushroom yield (9.8 kg/m²) and BE (44.1%) were obtained on the substrate consisting of asparagus straw (600 kg) and cottonseed hull (300 kg). No significant differences were found in either the dry matter contents or the polysaccharides contents of fruit bodies among the treatments.     

分子标记在长豇豆遗传分析中的应用进展

豇豆是全球种植的重要豆科植物,中国是长豇豆的次生起源中心,栽培地域广泛,具有丰富的遗传资源,需要用各种遗传学方法鉴定其遗传关系,以便为种质资源保存和育种利用等奠定基础。介绍了分子标记在长豇豆遗传资源鉴定中的应用情况,并针对存在的问题提出了几点看法。     

白芦笋小孢子发育时期与花器形态相关性研究

为了寻找白芦笋小孢子发育时期的鉴定方法以及探讨小孢子发育时期与花器形态的相关性,采用苯酚品红、醋酸洋红和醋酸铁矾水合三氯乙醛苏木精染色液进行染色观测,并对白芦笋小孢子发育时期的细胞学以及小孢子不同发育时期与花蕾大小的关系进行了研究。结果表明,醋酸铁矾水合三氯乙醛苏木精染色效果最好;白芦笋小孢子发育经四分体时期、单核早中期、单核靠边期和双核期,各时期的特征明显;白芦笋小孢子发育时期与花蕾的外部形态特征密切相关,不同发育时期的花蕾其纵径、横径间差异显著,白芦笋品种的小孢子处于单核靠边期时花蕾纵径为2.30 mm,花蕾横径为1.76 mm;依据白芦笋花蕾的纵径和横径可判断小孢子的发育时期,从而确定小孢子培养最佳时期所对应的选蕾标准。     

L-精氨酸对绿芦笋贮藏品质及生理生化特性的影响

以绿芦笋为试材,研究浓度为0.1 mmol/L的L-精氨酸对其在4℃贮藏过程中品质及生理生化特性的影响。结果表明,0.1 mmol/L的L-精氨酸浸泡30 min处理,能有效地降低绿芦笋的腐烂率、失重率和残渣率,减缓叶绿素的消耗及丙二醛(MDA)的生成,并通过有效抑制苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性从而延缓了木质素的生成,提高绿芦笋的总抗氧化能力,说明0.1 mmol/L浓度的L-精氨酸处理能有效维持采后绿芦笋的品质,且L-精氨酸作为食品添加剂应用于果蔬保鲜具有安全性高的优势。