噻虫嗪在棉叶中残留消解动态及对棉蚜的防治效果评价

【目的】研究噻虫嗪种衣剂在棉叶中的消解动态,评价其对棉蚜的防治效果。【方法】采用QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS方法,定期测定棉叶中噻虫嗪的含量,田间调查噻虫嗪种衣剂对棉蚜防治效果。【结果】0.01~0.50 mg/L线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.999。在0.01、0.20、0.50 mg/kg添加水平下,噻虫嗪在棉叶中的平均回收率在93.4%~119.71%,相对标准偏差为0.34%~5.18%,方法检测限为0.001 mg/kg。噻虫嗪在棉叶中的消解动态符合一级动力学方程,半衰期为3.85~4.03 d。下部叶中噻虫嗪含量分别占各处理总浓度的59.42%~76.39%,噻虫嗪主要分布在下部叶片。出苗后30 d时,600 g/100kg处理防效最佳,仍可达87.90%。【结论】使用600 g/100kg浓度噻虫嗪种子处理,可较好地防治苗期蚜虫。     

增效剂对常用烟碱类杀虫剂防治棉蚜的减量增效作用

【目的】研究添加增效剂对常用烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉和噻虫嗪防治棉蚜的增效作用,为增效剂和杀虫剂的科学高效利用提供数据基础。【方法】采用田间小区喷雾试验,测定增效剂的适宜用量,对比分析杀虫剂田间常规用量减少10%、20%、30%后添加增效剂对棉蚜的防效。【结果】0.15% Fieldor Max EC对烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉和噻虫嗪具有明显的增效作用,适宜用量为450.0~ 675.0 mL/hm²;杀虫剂减量后配施增效剂对棉蚜防效增加或相当,药后1 d,70%吡虫啉WG和25%噻虫嗪WG减量10%~30%后添加增效剂,防效分别为65.5%~81.4%和62.2%~78.5%,减量10%和20%防效显著高于常规用量,减量30%防效与常规用量差异不显著;药后3 d,70%吡虫啉WG和25%噻虫嗪WG减量10%~30%后添加增效剂,防效分别为68.4%~85.2%和63.5%~79.6%,减量10%和20%防效显著高于常规用量,减量30%防效与常规用量差异不显著;药后7 d,70%吡虫啉WG和25%噻虫嗪WG减量10%~30%后添加增效剂,防效分别为59.2%~78.5%和56.5%~71.1%,减量10%和20%防效显著高于常规用量,减量30%防效与常规用量差异不显著。【结论】增效剂0.15% Fieldor Max EC对吡虫啉和噻虫嗪具有明显的减量增效作用,推荐使用量为450~ 675 mL/hm²;减少吡虫啉和噻虫嗪用量10%~20%后添加增效剂,对棉蚜防效显著高于常规用量,减量30%防效与常规用量差异不显著,利用增效剂减少杀虫剂使用量和提高防治效果具有较好的应用价值。     

Impact of novel endophytes in perennial ryegrass on herbage production and insect pests from pastures under dairy cow grazing in northern New Zealand

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) infected with a novel endophyte (AR37 or AR1), Wild‐type endophyte or no endophyte (Nil) was sown with white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in autumn 2005. The pastures were rotationally grazed by dairy cows from 2005–2009. Annual dry matter (DM) yield did not differ but AR37 pastures had a higher ryegrass tiller density, especially after the 2008 summer drought (+130%), and less white clover than did AR1 pastures. Concentrations of alkaloids produced by the Wild‐type association (lolitrem B, ergovaline) followed the same seasonal trends as did the AR37 alkaloids (epoxy‐janthitrems) but summer drought reduced concentrations of lolitrem B and epoxy‐janthitrems to less than half the mid‐summer (February) peak concentrations in the other years. Insect pests were monitored annually between 2006 and 2009. Tiller damage by Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel)) was significantly reduced by all endophyte treatments. African black beetle (Heteronychus arator (F.)) populations in soil samples increased during the experiment with Nil > AR1 > Wild‐type = AR37. Root aphid (Aploneura lentisci (Pass.)) infestations followed the pattern AR1 > Nil > Wild‐type = AR37. A lower pest pressure from all insect pests in AR37 pastures is likely to have contributed to this treatment having the highest ryegrass tiller densities.     

Genetic and Association Mapping Study of English Grain Aphid Resistance and Tolerance in Bread Wheat Germplasm

English grain aphid （EGA） is a destructive insect pest of wheat. To identify the loci associated with EGA resistance and tolerance, 70 bread wheat accessions mainly from central Asia were evaluated for EGA resistance and tolerance traits at two locations, and genotyped with 51 SSR markers. Totally, three accessions showed high or moderate levels resistance and 17 genotypes displayed highly or moderately tolerate to EGA. Genetic diversity of these lines was investigated also. After 97 SSR loci which evenly covered all wheat chromosomes were scanned for association, four SSR loci were significantly associated with EGA resistance and four with EGA tolerance. After association analysis was conducted with dynamic aphid densities, we found four loci Xgwm192b, Xgwm391, Xbarc98, and Xgwm613b were detected continuously at different growing stages of wheat. In addition, the loci of EGA resistance/tolerance and Russian wheat aphid resistance were compared. The results generated in this study would be helpful for utilization of the EGA resistance/tolerance germplasm, and for development of mapping populations in EGA resistance breeding programs.     

芦笋热烫介质的选择及工艺优化研究

[目的]对比选择适合芦笋的热烫介质并优化热烫工艺.[方法]以新鲜绿芦笋为原料,对水、油、水油3种常见的热烫介质进行对比研究,选择最佳热烫介质.在单因素试验的基础上,分别以芦笋的抗氧化活性、干物质溶出率及感官性状为指标,通过k（34）正交设计优化芦笋热烫的工艺条件.[结果]试验表明,水油为芦笋的最佳热烫介质,且芦笋热烫的最佳工艺条件为：水油比12∶1 ml/ml,料液比1∶3 g/ml,在100℃下烫制2min.在此条件下,芦笋的抗氧化活性最高,色泽最好,且食用品质达到最佳水平,干物质溶出率为1.28％.[结论]以水油为热烫介质的芦笋适宜于加工各种菜肴,且研究可为指导人们合理烹调提供理论依据.     

大豆蚜对大豆阶段性危害研究

为了明确大豆蚜对大豆危害的作用机理,研究了大豆蚜阶段性危害对大豆产量及其相关性状的影响。结果表明:随着大豆蚜危害时期的延长,大豆蚜对大豆产量及其它性状的影响作用越强。在短期危害的条件下,对大豆株高的影响显著,但产量几乎不受影响。当危害达到大豆的盛花期,产量开始下降,危害达到结荚期时产量显著降低。因此,在大豆的盛花期之前防治大豆蚜会有效减少产量损失。     

催芽温度对芦笋种子发芽及代谢的影响

芦笋种子的最适发芽温度为２０～２５℃。在一定温度范围内，种子的发芽率与α－淀粉酶活性、呼吸强度呈正相关。发芽过程中种子贮藏物质（淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪等）含量逐渐降低。变温催芽优于恒温催芽，尤以昼高夜低（２５℃／２０℃）效果最好。     

高粱抗蚜品种叶片化学物质含量的分析

以高粱叶片为试材，对高粱叶片的化学物质进行分析，结果表明：高粱叶片中的可溶性总氮、可溶性糖和游离氨基酸，特别是必需氨基酸，在感蚜品种中的含量显著比抗蚜品种的含量高，且感蚜品种叶液偏酸，抗蚜品种近中性。     

CA贮藏对新鲜石刁柏的影响

用9种不同的CA条件与低温空气贮藏进行比较,结果证明用CA贮藏法进行石刁柏的贮藏保鲜是可行的。在设定的10个试验区中,当O_2浓度保持在21％的前提下,适当提高CO_2的浓度可提高贮藏效果。以21％O_2,30％CO:_2的贮藏条件保鲜效果较好。当CO_2浓度为0％时,O_2的浓度在1～0％之间保鲜效果最好。在10个试验区中,以空气条件下贮藏效果最差。