葶苈子药材生态适宜性区划研究

对全国葶苈子药材的生态适宜性开展评价,为优质葶苈子药材的栽培与选育提供理论依据。通过网络资料查阅和实地采集,收集了葶苈子药材共839个样点信息,其中播娘蒿430个样点,独行菜409个样点,综合55个生态因子,应用GIS和Maxent模型分析葶苈子药材在全国的生态适宜性分布。建立的Maxent模型预测效果良好(训练集和验证集特征曲线下面积均大于0.9),影响全国葶苈子药材生态适宜性的主要环境因子是降雨、温度、海拔、酸碱度、植被类型、土壤亚类等;全国内中药葶苈子最适宜生境主要集中在河北、河南、山西、山东、陕西、宁夏、甘肃南部、四川西部等地。对葶苈子分布区进行了生长等级划分,为葶苈子药材资源的调查研究、人工种植、划分优质产地、资源调查提供理论依据。     

款冬叶片总黄酮提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

以款冬叶片为试材,采用微波辅助法提取总黄酮,在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交实验法优化款冬叶片总黄酮提取工艺,同时以分光光度法测定提取物对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH·)、羟基自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O-·2)的清除作用。结果表明:款冬叶片总黄酮最佳提取条件为乙醇体积分数70%,微波提取时间3 min,微波功率500 W,料液比1∶15 g·mL^-1,在该条件下,总黄酮的提取率为0.91%。款冬叶片总黄酮的质量浓度与抗氧化活性呈一定的线性关系,当总黄酮质量浓度为0.069 8 mg·mL^-1时,对DPPH·、·OH和O-·2的清除率分别达84.21%、84.10%和68.32%,表明款冬叶片具有良好的抗氧化能力,可作为天然的抗氧化剂进一步的开发和利用。     

无花果品系威紫在威远县的引种表现及栽培技术

2016年2月,威远县从中国农业大学引进无花果品系威紫,经过4年的试验种植表明,该品系在当地表现良好,弥补了缺乏紫黑色果皮鲜食品系的不足。果实长卵形,果面光洁,果皮紫黑色、韧性好,果肉无中空、浅红色,平均单果重45.8g,最大80g,含糖量15.6%,含酸量0.2%,果实始熟期7月中旬,成熟期持续到10月下旬,果实发育期84~91天,定植第3年进入盛产期,每666.7m^2产量1500kg左右,丰产性较强,果实品质佳,商品性好,可作为优良鲜食无花果品系在川渝地区推广。     

Isolation and characteristics of eight novel polymorphic microsatellite loci from the genome of garlic (Allium sativum L.)

Here we characterized eight novel polymorphic SSR markers, developed from an enriched genomic library of garlic (Allium sativum L.). These SSRs produced a total of 64 alleles across 90 garlic accessions, with an average of 8 alleles per locus. Values for observed (H_O) and expected (H_E) heterozygosity ranged from 0.16 to 0.77 (mean = 0.44) and from 0.22 to 0.86 (mean = 0.65), respectively. Six loci deviated significantly (P < 0.05) from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The averages of gene diversity and PIC values were 0.65 and 0.62, respectively. The mean genetic similarity coefficient was 0.4380, indicating that among garlic accessions existed wide genetic variation. Based on 64 alleles obtained by 8 SSRs, a phenogram was constructed to understand the relationships among the 90 accessions. These newly developed SSRs should prove very useful tools for genotypes identification, assessment of genetic diversity and population structure in garlic.     

白菜亚硝酸还原酶基因BcNiR的克隆及表达分析

 以白菜品种‘苏州青’自交系叶片cDNA为模板, 采用RT-PCR、3′RACE和5′RACE技术, 获得了编码亚硝酸还原酶基因(NiR) 的cDNA全序列1 852 bp, 包含有1 749 bp的开放阅读框, 编码583个氨基酸, 命名为BcNiR。所推导的氨基酸序列与拟南芥NiR1、烟草nii2编码的氨基酸序列具有较高同源性, 分别为83%和76%。生物信息学分析表明, BcNiR具有完整的NiR蛋白结构, 含血红素蛋白β - 化合物区域, 一个明显的西罗血红素siroheme结合位点和4Fe-4S区域, 可以在SWiSS-MODEL数据库中搜索到与之相近的三维结构。RT-PCR结果显示, 该基因在叶片中的表达量远远高于根系, 在以0、10、20、30、40 mmol·L ^{- 1}硝态氮各分别处理0、2、4、6、8、12 h的试验中, 30 mmol·L ^-1处理4 h可使BcNiR的表达量达到最大; 5和10 mmol·L ^{- 1}铵态氮处理试验表明, 高浓度的铵抑制该基因的表达。     

Identification of QTLs related to sugar and organic acid composition in melon using near-isogenic lines

The soluble sugar and organic acid composition of melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit flesh has become a major focus of plant breeding worldwide in an attempt to improve taste. Thus, sugar and organic acid profiles were characterized using near-isogenic lines (NILs) derived from the Spanish cultivar Piel de Sapo (PS) and the exotic Korean accession Shongwan Charmi (PI 161375). Fruits were cultivated in only one environment. These data were used to map 60 quantitative trait loci (QTLs): 18 for individual sugars, eight for sucrose equivalents, five for the glucose-to-fructose ratio, seven for the total sugar content and 21 for organic acids. Within the QTLs that were associated with the sugar profile, 27 defined the sugar content: eight for fructose, six for glucose, four for sucrose, and nine for sucrose equivalents. Although increased sweetness of selected NILs compared with the parental PS was achieved by an increased glucose or fructose content, only glucose heritability was above 0.5. A total of 21 QTLs (two with positive effects and nineteen with detrimental effects compared with the PS levels) controlled the organic acid profile: l-glutamic, ascorbic and succinic acids (the principal ones) and fumaric, citric, oxalacetic, and isocitric acids. The levels of sugars imparted by the PI 161375 introgression frequently decreased the score grades given to NILs by consumers. Within the 32 QTLs mapped for sensory traits, 27 were associated with lower scores in taste (nine QTLs), sweetness (eight QTLs) or global quality appreciation (nine QTLs); two with increased fruit sourness or sweetness and three with increased fruit bitterness. The QTLs defined herein may assist breeders to understand the overall organoleptic balance (sweetness, sourness, and umami taste) in melon fruit, particularly those located within linkage groups III, V, VI, and VIII to XI.     

茄子的组织培养和植株再生体系研究

以2个茄子品种：红茄和紫长茄的子叶和下胚轴为外植体,探讨了不同生长调节物质对外植体分化的影响和不同品种、不同外植体的分化能力差异,并建立了茄子的高频率离体再生体系。结果表明：培养基MS＋2,4-D 1.0 mg/L＋6-BA 0.5 mg/L诱导愈伤组织效果最好;诱导不定芽方面,培养基MS＋4-PU 0.1 mg/L诱导效果最好;1/2MS培养基较MS培养基更适合植株生根。